Viva voce questions SUMBITTED BY ) mr. M.S.MOHAMED BASITH RIYAN (ang) 22PCH013 | M.Sc CHEMISTRY‘What is the composition of White precipitate in chlorine detection in the organic compound in Lassaign’s test? AgCl Define boiling point of a liquid? ‘The temperature at which vapour pressure of the becomes equal to the atmospheric ressue. Why 3% correction tothe observed boiling point is applied to get the actual boiling point of the organic liquid? Since Bangalore is 3000 meters height compared to the nearest sea level. Why that type of correction is not applied to melting points of solids? Pressure has no effect on solids melting temperature. % Name the solvents used to classify the following organic compounds and mention Which is the first orga their groups. — Resorcinol, Urea, Glucose, aniline, salicylic acid, benzoic acid aromatic aldehydes ketones, esters, alcohols, phenols, aromatic hydrocarbons? Resorcinol soluble, ether soluble ~I group. Urea, Glucose-water soluble, ether insoluble I group. Aniline-Water insoluble and di. HCI soluble III group. Salicylic acid, bexzoic acidand Phenols-Water insoluble and dil. NaOH soluble -IV group. Aromatic aldehydes ketones, esters, alcohols- Water insoluble and Con.sulphuric acid soluble -V group. Aromatic hydrocarbons- Water insoluble, Con.sulphuric acid insoluble and nitrogen isabsent- VI group. ‘How an amide and amine differs each other with respect to structure? ‘An amide has the functional group ~CO-NH2 and an amine has the functional group — ‘NH2. In amides -CO group is linked to -N where as in amines ~C-group of an organic ‘compound is linked to -N atom. compound invented? Write its structure? Urea - structure - NH2-CO-NH2 ‘ How resorcinol and benzenol of benzyl alcohol differs each other? Resorcinol is a phenol where as bezenol is an aromatic alcohol Give a test to distinguish between a phenol and an aromatic alcohol? ‘& Which Chemical mainly used in Phthalein test ? Mentior Phenols gives a purple or violet colour with neutral ferric chloride solution where as an aromatic alcohol will not? What is Fehling’s solution? It is the mixture of two solutions Feblings solution A- copper sulphate solution and Fehlings solution B-Sodium potassium tartrate soluton ‘What is Use Fehling’s solution in Organic qualitative analysis? It is used to detect the presence of aliphatic aldehydes, reducing sugars. What is the chemistry behind Fehling’s test? Cu2+- in the reagent is reduced to Cus the action of reducing sugars and aldehydes indicated by the appearance of red coloured precipitate on heating the reagent with the ‘organic compound What is Motisch’s test? This test is used to detect presence of carbohydrate - Whena carbohydrate solution is treated with alcoholic g-naphthol followed by the addition of con.sulphuric acid gives a purple coloured ring at the junction. significance. Pihalic anhydride. This test is used to detect the presence of Phenolic group. & What is Tolien’s reagent? How is it prepared? Mention its use?Ammoniacal silver nitrate solution is called Tollen’s reagent. It is prepared by adding a drop of sodium hydroxide to silver nitrate solution and dissolving the grey precipitate by ammoniumbydroxide solution or liquor ammonia. It is used to detect the presence of aldehydlesand reducing sugars. What is Schiff’'s reagent? Where it is used? Para rosaniline hydrochloride decolourised by passing Sulphur dioxide gas. It is used to detect aldehydes, it gives pink colour when it is shaken with the reagent. The test used to identify urea having peptide linkage. On heating urea, it gives off ammonia and biuret. This biuret when treated with sodium hydroxide solution and copper sulphate produces violet colouration. Give the composition of iodoform. Mention its importance? CHI is iodoform, compounds containing -COCHS like ethyl alcohol, acetophenone etc. are treated with iodine and alkali solution give a yellow crystalline product of iodoform. Explain liberman’s nitroso reaction? “This test is used to detect the presence of phenols NaNO2 compound and Con.sulphuric acid is heated, this blue product is diluted with water. It tums red which becomes blue again on adding sodium hydroxide solution. It gives green fluorescence with resorcinol What happens when neutral ferric chloride solutioa is added to phenolic compound? Violet or purple colour is obtained). How phenol and acids differ each other? Phenols fails to give effervescence with NaHCO3 solution, where as carboxylic acids gives effervescene) What is 2,4 DNP, where it is used? 2,4, dinitropheny! hydrazine, it is used to detect the presence of carbonyl compounds like aldehydes or ketones. Appearance of yellow crystalline precipitate indicates the presence of carbonyl compounds Give a test for aromatic hydrocarbons. ‘Sulphonation test or dimethyl sulphate test, On heating the compound with furning sulphuric acid or dimethyl sulphate and cooling gives a white precipitate. ‘How do distinguish between amides and nitro compounds? Amides liberates pungent odoured ammonia gas when heated with strong alkali solution like sodium kydroxide where as nitro compounds will not and turns yellow colour. 41. What do you understand by the word derivative? It is the substance derived or prepared from some other compound usually retaining the general skeleton of the original compound. Ex: Acetanilide-C6HSNHCOCHS is the derivative of aniline-C6HSNH2. What is the importance of the preparation of a derivative in the identification of organic compound?A pute and crystalline product or derivative whose melting point is known if formed, confirms the presence of that organic compound) ‘What are the essential properties for a derivative prepared? (i) It should be a solid (ii) It should be easily prepared and purified, ii) Its melting point should be sharp and different with that of the original ‘compoundWhere picric acid is used in organic qualitative amalysis?(it is used as a reagent in preparaing derivatives of aromatic hydrocarbons, amines, phenols etc. It forms addi tion ‘compounds with them which are known as picrates ‘When chlorobenzene is nitrated using nitration mixture, which compound is obtained? Mixture of ortho and para nitrochloro benzene or para nitrochloro benzene as major product What is difference in the preparation of nitro derivative of urea and toluene? ‘Urea solution is treated with only concentrated nitric acid where as toluene is heated with nitrating mixture, urea is an aliphatic compound the nitroderivative is an addition compound but in toluene it is an electrophilic substitution reaction. Which derivative is preferred for solid hydrocarbons and liquid hydrocarbons? Solid hydrocarbons- picrate derivative and liquid hydrocarbons-nitro derivative. Write the structure of the functional group in ethyl benzoate and benzamide. Ethyl benzoate - ester - COOC2HS and Benzamide ~CO-NH2. Which gas is evolved when carboxylic acids are treated with sodium bicarbonate solution? Carbon dioxide Name the product obtained when aniline is treated with sodium nitrite and dil. HCI at ice cold temperature? Benzene diazonium chloride. & What is red-ox titration? ‘The titration where both oxidation and reduction takes place What is an oxidizing agent? Give an example ‘The substance which liberates nascent oxygen or accepts nascent hydrogen or which donates electrons to the other reactant or the oxidation number of the key atom decreases. Ex. 1.KMn04, K2Cr207. What is a reducing agent? Give an example ‘The substance which accepts nascent oxygen or donates nascent hydrogen or which accepts electrons from other reactant or the oxidation number of the key atom increases. Ex. 1. FAS, Oxalic acid Differentiate between quantitative analysis and qualitative analysi ‘Quantitative- estimation of amount of the substances in terms of definite mass. Qualitative-determination of chemical constituents using simple tests Is Potassium permanganate primary standard substance? if not why? No itis light sensitive, so that the concentration changes with time © Potassium permanganate solution is always stored in brown bottles. Why? tis light sensitive, if it is kept in brown bottles, it maintains its concentration over a period of time Equivalent weight of KMn04 is 31.6. How? 1 mole of potassium permanganate liberates 5 equivalents of oxygen during its oxidation, hence 1 equivalent liberates M/5 molecular weight. Ex: E= M/S = 158/5 = 31.6, or Change of Oxidation state of Mn is from +7 to 42, that is +5, Hence E = M/S = 158/5 = 31.6. Differentiate between normality and molarity of a solution?‘Nommality- number of gram equivalent mass present in 1dm3 of its solution, Molarity- number of gram molar mass present in 1dm3 of its solution Is Potassium dichromate a primary standard substance? Yes, it is primary standard & Equivalent weight of potassium dichromate is 49. How? 1 mole of potassium dichromate liberates 3 equivalents of oxygen during its oxidation, hence | equivalent liberates M/6 molecular weight. Example: E= Mé/6 = 294/6 =49, Or Change of oxidation state of Cr in the reaction: +6 to +3, for 2 moles of Cr it is 6, Hence, E = M/6 E= 294/6 =49. What is the structure of pkenol? O Draw the structure of 2,4,6 tribromophenol? OH Br Br Br © Give the chemical reaction for phenol on bromination? 1H H Br Br + 3B ——> + 3HBr : What is the equivalent weight of phenol? Equivalent weight of phenol is 15.6 Calculation: E.W = molecular weight /valancy 94/65.6 What is the use of tribromophenol? ‘Tribromophenol is reacted with sodium hydroxide to form the sodium salt, which is used as a fungicide and wood preservative. “& what is the chemical formula for tribromo phenol? CeHsB50 give the reaction of bromate-bromide mixture in HCl. BrOs'+5Br°+6H" — ———3Br=3H20 & In standardisation of sodium-thio-sulphate again potassium dichromate the end point blue to green colour why? Because of the chromate ion present in the solution (due to Cr) Draw the structure of aniline? NHo2 ‘ What is the product of Ani jon? Aniline on bromination gives 2,4,6-tirbromoaniline ‘ Give the reaction aniline on bromination? NH; NH; Br, Br +3Br, 22th, + 3HBr Br Aniline 24,6-Teibromoaniline & What is bromoate-bromide mixture? Brominating mixture solution (0.1 N) was prepared by dissolving 0.695 g of potassium bromate and 1.75 g of potassium bromide in distilled water and diluted to 100 mi with distilled water. Itis also known as Winkler reagent © Is aniline basic or acidic? Aniline is a weak base © What is aniline? Aniline, also known as aminobenzene or phenylamine, has 6 carbon (C) atoms, 7 hydrogen (H) atoms, and 1 nitrogen (N) atom in its chemical formula of CaHiN or CoHsNH2 what is the equivalent weight of aniline? Equivalent weight of aniline is 15.5 © What is the end point in estimation of anilixe? ‘The end point is the blue to colourless 4 Whats the melting point of aniline?o & % ° Melting point of aniline is 120°C What is the boiling poit of aniline ? Boiling point of aniline is 300°C Aniline is polar or non-polar and it’s soluble in water? Aniline is Non-Polar and it is insoluble in water Phenol is acidic or basic ? Phenol is slightly acidic and it’s also called carbolic acid Is phenol soluble in water? Yes, phenol is soluble in water Draw the resonance structure of phenol? OH oy 0 9° 9 - . va }— oO <=> \ -—_— —_—> ~ +H" Physical properties of phenol? ‘Molecular weight | 94.133 g/mol odour Carbolic Melting point | 40.5°C Boiling point | 181.7°C Density 1.07 gem What is the substitution occur in phenol? Electrophilic substitution occur in ortho and para position What is the substitution occur in Aniline? Electrophilic substitution occur in ortho and para position ‘What is the uses of phenol ? Phenol widely used as a antiseptic and its also act disinfectants What is meant by recrystallization? Recrystallization is a tecknique used to purify chemicals. By dissolving both impurities and a compound in an appropriate solvent, cither the desired compound or impurities can be filtered out of solution, leaving the other behind. What is nitration mixture? Mixture of con.nitric acid and con.sulphuric acid in the ratiol:1 What is acetone? Acetone is a aliphatic compound containing a ketone group Molecular formula (CH3):CO Itis also called as dimethyl ketone or 2-propanone Its colourless and highly volatile in nature Draw the structure of acetone?oo ¢ & & 0 A In estimation of ketone what is the endpoint? “The end point is dissappearence of blue colour Is Acetone used as a solvent which is organic solvent or inorganic solvent ? Acetone widely used as a organic solvent Acetone is liquid or solid or gas ? Acetone is a colourless liquid Is acetone soluble in water and oil? Acetone possess polar and non-polar characteristic, so the acetone is miscible in both, ‘Why acetone easily volatile ? Because the boiling point of acetone is 34.6°C and evaporate readily at room temperature and its highly flammable ‘How do you confirm that the product obtained in the preparation is a desired product? By the colour, nature , conducting simple qsalitative tests and determining the melting point of the product which is specific ‘Why the product should be dried before determining the practical yield. Otherwise water weight gets added so that yield is not accurate. What is dibenzalacetone? It is the condensation product formed between acetone benzaldehyde Mention any one use of dibenzalacetone. Anti-inflammatory property makes it’s use in the external sprays as a pain reliever, used as a ligand in organometallic compounds ‘What is meant by theoretical yield of the product in organic preparations? How is it calculated? Expected yield of the product based on the molecular mass of the main reactant, and the converted product for the given mass of the main reactant. Itis calculated by the equatior Theoretical yield (ol.mass of the product x Mass of she reactant taken Mol.mass of the reactant. Brisk effervescence during the carbonate test is due to? Carbondioxide gas. Colour of ferric ferro cyanide? Blue Give example for compound which are soluble in ether ? i, Amine. i. Alcohol. i. Monocarboxylic acid . iv. Carbonyl compound and v. Ketone, Schiff reagent gives which colour ?Violet. Anilide is confirmed by which test? Carbylamines test . ‘ Molish test is the conformative test for ? Carbohydrate. Phthalein fusion test for dicarboxylic acid give? Yellowish green fluorescence . Give an example for compound which are soluble in ethers? 1 Diamide. I. Carbohydrate. II. Dicarboxylic acid . what is the purpose of pilot test ? pilot test is a smaHl preliminary study used to test a proposed research study before a full scale performance. ‘What is the structure of resorcinol? HO. OH ‘What is the structure of benzoic acid ? What is the structure ofcinnamic acid ? 9 HO" Zo ‘What is the structure of phthalic acid? HO. 0 OH ‘Oo ‘What is the structure of salicylic acid ?HOO HO Whats the structure of ethylbenzoate? What is buffer ? ‘A buffer is an aqueous solution which has highly stable pH. It is a blend of a weak acid and its conjugate base or vice versa. On adding a small amount of base or acid to buffer, its pH hardly changes. How does buffer work? In buffer when hydrogen ion is added, it will be neutralized by the base in the buffer. Hydroxide ion will be neutralized by the acid. On the overall pH of the buffer solation, these neutralization reactions will not show much effect.While when you select an acid as a buffer solution, try to use an acid that has a pH closed to your desired pH. This will help your buffer to achieve a nearly equivalent amount of acid and conjugate base, so that it will enable to neutralize as much as Ht and OH’. & What is molality? Molality is the number of solutes that are present in 1 kg of a solvent. © What is mole? Mole is the unit used to define the number of chemical substance present in a substance. It is the amount of substance which consists of the same number of chemical units as there are atoms in exactly 12 gram of pure carbon-12. How will you calculate how many moles of glucose present in 320 mL of 5.0 M of glucose solution? First step: Convert the volume from millilitres to litres First step:320 X (1 litre/1000mL) = 0.320 L solution Second step: use the formula = M x V = 5.0 moles glucose/ litre solution X 0.320 L solution = 1.6 moles of glucose present in 320mL of solution.Explain what is the difference between fractionation and distillation? Both methods are used to separate the components present in the solution based on the boiling points, + Distillation: This technique is used when the boiling point of chemicals are different in the mixtures ‘+ Fractionation: This technique is used when the boiling point of chemicals are close to each other in the mixtures 4 What is the difference between Molarity and Normality? Both techniques are used to the amount of chemical present in the solution, However, they are almost similar but differs in ‘© Relationship between molarity and normality ? N=nx M (where nis an integer) In monoprotic acids and bases (One H+ or one OH- such as HCI or NaOH) Normality=Molarity, so one molar HCI is the same as one Normal HCI. * Does phenol decolourised in bromine water? No phenol doesn’t decolourised in bromine water Which is more acidic alcoholic or phenolic ? Phenolic groups are more acidic than alcoholic group % How will you distinguish p/henol and aniline? Phenols are soluble in an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, whereas anilines are not. Further, anilines are soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid solution, whereas phenols are not. Name a test useful in detecting the presence of the phenolic group? Libermann’s test is useful in detecting the presence of a phenolic group. “What kind of reaction occurs when phenol is treated with bromine water? Aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction occurs when phenol is treated with bromine water. % How will you distinguish between phenol and carboxylic acid? Carboxylic acid reacts with sodium bicarbonate to liberate carbon dioxide gas, whereas phenols don’t What is glucose ? Glucose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula CsHi2Os. Glucose is the most abundant monosaccharide“! a subcategory of carbohydrates. Glucose is mainly made by plants and most algae What is the fisher projection structure of glucose ?oo F & & & & oo oo & & ‘CH,OH ‘What is the Haworth projection structure of Glucose? CH,OH 0, OH OH OH OH What is the IUPAC name of Glucose ? 2,3,4,5,6-pemtahydroxy-hexanal What is the appearance of glucose? white powder What is the chemical formula of glucose ? CcHi206 ‘What is the molecular mass of glucose? 180.156 g/mol Naturally which glucose is obtain ? D-Glucose is naturally obtain Glucose is monosaccharide or polysaccharide? It is mono saccharide. Glucose having which carbonyl group? Ithaving aldehyde group . ‘What is the another name of glucose? Itis also called as aldohexose. Glucose is cyclic or acyclic ? Glucose molecule can exist in an open chain (acyclic ) as well as ring (cyclic) form. Is Glucose soluble in water? Yes, glucose is soluble in water completely Is glucose soluble in acetic acid ? ‘Yes, glucose is soluble in acetic acid completely. Is glucose soluble in methanol or ethanol? Unfortunately glucose is poorly soluble in methanol and ethanol. What is the other name of D-glucose ? Dextrose. What is addition reaction? In organic chemistry, an addition reaction is an organic reaction in which two or more molecules combine to generate a bigger one (the adduct). Molecules with carbon—hetero double bonds, such as carbonyl (C=O) or imine (CEN) groups, can be added because they have double-bond character as well. ‘What are the 4 types of addition reaction?Examples of electron donating group? Oxide ion, alcohol group, amine group, ether, alkyl group also weakly electron donating group. Why K2Cr207 solution is kept in dark or Coloured bottle? Dark bottles are used to cut off sunlight and so, K2Cr207 are stored in dark bottles. Why is aniline coloured? ‘The electron density on aniline increases due to +R (electron donating) effect of -NH2 group and due to high electron density aniline gets readily oxidised in air to give colour products. ‘What is +M effect ? +M effect (Positive mesomeric effect) ‘The +M effect gives negative charge to the conjugate system or it can be said that the electron density increases on the conjugate system due to this. What is bromate bromide added instead of bromine water on bromination of phenol? Because the bromate bromide readily give bromine Whats ferric alum ? Ferric alum is ammonium iron (III) sulphate ‘What is fehling A? Copper (Il) sulphate what is Fehling B? Fehling's B is a clear liquid consisting of potassium sodium tartrate (Rochelle salt) and a strong alkali, usually sodium hydroxide. Draw the structure of oxalic acid? oxalic Acid ° HC, ‘oH oH Draw the structure of acetophenone? ‘CH, Draw the structure of a-naphthol? OH CODifferent Types of Addition Reaction 1, Nucleophilic addition reaction, 2. Electrophil 3. Free radical addition reaction. What is the difference between addition reaction and substitution reaction? In addition reaction, product contains all the atoms present in the reactants whereas in substitution reaction, one type of atom/group of atom in a reactant is replaced by another atom/group of atoms ‘What is electrophilic substitution reaction? An electrophilic substitution reaction is a chemical reaction in which the functional group attached to a compound is replaced by an electrophile. The displaced functional group ‘What are the 5 electrophilic substitution reaction? Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reaction: Aromatic nitration reactions. Electrophilic aromatic halogenation reactions. Aromatic sulfonation reactions. Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction. ‘What are the step of electrophilic substitution rea The three steps involved in the electrophilic substitution reaction are the generation of an electrophile, then the formation of carbocation that acts as an intermediate, and the removal of a proton from the medium. What is nucleophilic substitution reaction? in a nucleophilic substitution reaction, a stronger nucleophile replaces a weaker nucleophile from its compound. ‘Whaat is the difference between nucleophile and electrophile? ‘A nucleophile is usually negatively charged or neutral with a lone pair of electrons. H2O, -OMe or -OtBu are some examples. Overall, the electron-rich species is a nucleophile. Electrophiles are generally positively charged or neutral species with empty orbitals attracted to a centre rich in electrons. ‘What is functional group? A functional group is a group of atoms or bonds inside a substance that is responsible for the substance's unique chemical reactions in organic chemistry. What are the example for functional group? Common examples of functional groups are alcohols, alkenes, alkynes, amines, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and ethers. addition reaction. Ethanol is acidic or basic? ethanol has the ability to act as an acid because of the ability to donate it's hydroxyl proton. However, aqueous solutions of ethanol are slightly basic. This is is because the oxygen in ethanol has lone electron pairs capable of accepting protons, and thus ethanol can act as a weak base Phenol acidic or basic ? Phenol is very weak acid. What are the examples of aliphatic acetone? ‘An aliphatic ketone can be composed of an open-chain carbon system. One such example is butanone, ethylmethyl ketone diethyl ketone . Example of electron withdrawing group? Nitro groups, aldehydes, ketone, cyano, carboxylic acid, ester, halogens are also electron withdrawing group but the effect gets weaker going down the group.Draw the structure of f-naphthol? "AC Draw the structure of benzamide? ° NH, Draw the structure of nitrobenzene? OxypO Draw the structure of acetanilide? Hl Cr ran Draw the structure of 2-naphthol aniline dye. wy Benzene is a saturated or unsaturated compound ? Aromatic compound are appear to be unsaturated but they have a special type of bonding and do not undergo addition reaction. Compound having bitter almond smell? Nitro benzene, benzaldehyde, benzonitrile. Which compound having fruity odour ? Ester Compound having fishy odour ? Aliphatic amine, side chain aromatic amine which compound having carbolic soap odour ? phenol, cresol. Aromatic compound burns with ? Sooty flame or black smoky flame * Aliphatic compound burns with?Without sooty flame or white smoky flame which is non reducing sugar? Sucrose. ‘When carboxylic acid react with alcohol gives? Ester Name a reagent used to detect carbonyl group in a compound? 2,4-Dinitrophenyl hydrazine is used to detect carbonyl group ‘Why is sodium kept in kerosene? Sodium is stored in kerosene because sodium reacts vigourously with oxygen and moisture due to its high reactivity so keeping it in kerosene will prevent sodium from. coming in contact with oxygen and moisture. ‘& Whatis the purpose of fusing organic compound with sodium metal? ‘The organic compound is fused with sodium metal to convert these elements which are present in the covalent form to ionic form. ® How is nitrogen detected by Lassaigne's test? ‘The presence of nitrogen in the organic compound is detected by fusing organic compounds with sodium metal to give sodium cyanide (NaCN) soluble in water. This is converted into sodium ferrocyanide by the addition of sufficient quantities of ferrous sulphate. * ¢ & & & Why Li and K are not used in Lassaigne test? In lassaigne test potassium cannot be used in place of sodium as potassium reacts vigorously and its use causes explosion. Why is sodium extract used? It is used for the detection of anion in the mixture when the numbers of salts are insoluble in water and dilute acids. It removes the basic radicals from the salt in residence which interfere in the detection of acidic radicals because the same basic radicals impart the color to the solution. What is the nature of Lassaigne's solution? Sodium fusion extract is acidified with nitric acid and then treated with silver nitrate. However if nitrogen and sulphur both are present, then Lassaigne’s extract is boiled to expel nitrogen and sulphur which would otherwise interfere in the test for halogens. ‘Why nitrogen gives the bluish colour? ‘The blue colour is due to the formation of ferric ferrocyanide.“> Give the difference between orga analysis. ‘The qualitative analysis of inorganic salts is the detection of anions(acid radicals) and cations(basic radicals) due to ionic bond where as Organic compound analysis involves the functional group analysis and the compound due to covalent bonding. qualitative anlysis and inorganic salt “ How do you distinguish between aliphatic and aromatic compounds? Give a simple test? Ignition test, aliphatic compounds burns with non sooty flame where as aromatic bums with sooty flame. ‘Though glucose is an aliphatic compound, it slightly differs in ignition test. How and why? Glucose chars and a black residue is obtained because itis the hydrate of carbon when it is heated it loses its water content and converts into carbon that is why it chars and a black residue is obtained. % How do you test the presence of unsaturated group in the organic compound? By Baeyer's test or bromine water test. When it is heated with alk KMnO4,Baeyer's reageat it gets decolourised or bromine water color gets discharged. & What is Bacyer’s reagent? Alkaline potassium permanganate solution Why Aromatic compouads burns with sooty flame but not aliphatic? Aromatic compounds burn with sooty flame Due to the more carbon content w.r.t hydrogen of aromatic compounds where as in aliphatic compounds it is less. + Name the test used to detect the elements present in an organic compounds? Lassaign’s test ew metal is used in Lassaign’s test? Sodium ® Can potassium be used in place of sodium? No because potassium is too reactive and dangerous. Why metallic sodium kept under kerosene oil? It prevents sodium to react with air and moisture & Why sodium metal is to be fused with organic compound? ‘The elements in the organic compound N,S and halogens are in ionic form. When the organic compound is fused with sodium, these elements combine with sodium forming sodium salts which can be analyzed easily. & Why distilled water is used in the preparation of sodium fusion extract? ‘Tap water contains chloride ions where as distilled water is freed from C1 ions Ignition tube and sodium piece both should be completely dry. Why? Sodixm reacts with moisture or water inside the ignition tube. ¢ How nitrogen is detected in an organic compound from sodium fusion extract? ‘The sodium fusion extract is boiled with a drop of freshly prepared ferrous sulphate solution followed with dil sulphuric acid appearance of blue or greenish blue colour indicates the presence of nitrogen. © What is the composition of blue colour in nitrogen detection? Ferric ferro cyanide- Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3.& Whats the aim of organic qualitative analysis? The basic aims of organic qualitative analysis are the detection and the identification of organic compounds. What are the methods of organic analysis? * While organic analysis involves many different techniques, there are three that are more commonly used and can easily be performed by students. These include chemical reagent tests, mass spectroscopy tests, and infrared spectroscopy tests. More advanced research may also use nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. what are the organic compound solvent used in the binary organic mixture? © Ether , sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid . reason for Diethyl ether volatility? © Because it has no inter molecular hydrogen bond between the ether, so it is, easily volatile. Which type of binary organic mixture is separate by the ether solvent ? © One component is soluble and another one is insoluble. What is organic layer ? © Organic layer is less dense than the aqueous layer so it always above on the aqueous layer which component are present in the organic layer? o Aromatic aldehyde, ketone, ether, Ester , anilide, phenol, aromatic hydrocarbons ete. which component are present is aqueous layer ? 0 Strong acidic compound, weak acidie compound, basic compound ete... ‘The reason for again using the strong base ? © NaHCO3 is the weak base so it will only react with strong base. DiLHCL which type of solvent ? © strong acid what is the usage of separation funnel (ots used to separate twi immiscible liquid. what is macro analysis ? © O.1g to 1g substances micro analysis? © 1 to 10mg substances. ‘The analysis of given organic mixture is which order to be carried out ? Preliminary test Saturated or unsaturated Aliphatic or aromatic Detection of element eooo Another name of sodium fusion extract? © _Lassaign’s test ‘What is Tollens reagent? © Tollens reagest is an alkaline solution of silver nitrate. It is typically known as an ammoniacal solution of silver nitrate with the chemical formula Ag (NH 3 )20H. What is in Benedict's reagent?* © Benedict's reagent, also known as Benedict's solution, is a chemical reagent which is made up of a complex mixture of sodium citrate, sodium carbonate, and the pentahydrate of copper({I) sulfate. when carbohydrate reacts with tollens reagent ? ©. Silver mirror or black precipitate is obtains it shows presence of reducing sugar. What is Barfoed reagent? ° A diluted acetic acid solution of copper acetate Cu ( CH 3 COO ) 2 makes up the Barfoed reagent. Strong reducing agents such as monosaccharides react in just a few minutes because an acidic pH is not favorable to reduction What do you mean by Molisch reagent? ° Molisch’s reagent (uncountable) (chemistry) a-naphthol (CiHsOH) dissolved in ethanol (C:HsOH). It is used in Molisch's test for the detection of carbohydrates. ‘What does the litmus test test for? ° A litmus test is used in chemistry to determine if a solution is acidic or basic using litmus or litmus paper. Litmus comes from certain species of lichens. Litmus will turn blue when exposed to a base and red when exposed to an acid. ‘Test for ester ? ° Carboxylic acids reacts with alcohols forming a fruit smelling ester. The reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid is called esterification. This reaction is a slow reaction catalysed by concentrated sulphuric acid. The chemical reaction is given below. ROH + R-COOH — R-COOR + H:0