MS115– Communication Skills

CHAPTER 3

Master of Business Administration

 Supporting Ideas with Evidence
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 There are three basic categories, or types, of supporting

materials. They are:
1. Examples (brief, extended, and hypothetical)
2. Statistics
3. Testimony (expert or peer)

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1. Examples
 Examples are a great way to simplify and reinforce ideas in your speech. An
extended example may be a narrative or an anecdote in your speech. This is
whenyou may tell a story in your speech to reinforce or simplify certain
concepts.Youcangive the example of the procedure you implemented for
handling customer sales and the training program you've been asked to lead.
2. Statistics
 Statistics are another great way to provide your main points with valuable
information and support. You really have to be careful with statistics, however.
 It is okay to round your statistics to make the information more understandable.
Rather than saying, '2,456 people have used my training course and improved
their sales,' you could say,'over 2,000 people have used my training course
and improved their sales.' This is still an accurate statement, and it does not
skew or manipulate the data in an inappropriate way.

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3. Testimony
 Testimony is another great way to add credibility to your
speech.
 There are two types of testimony: peer and expert.

 Peer testimony is a statement that comes from someone who

hasexperienced an event or situation. It could be someone
who has been directly affected by the topic of your speech or
someone that has an opinion on the topic.
 Expert testimony comesfrom a person that isa respected
expert in the field of your topic, such as a doctor or someone
that has conducted a great deal of research in that particular
field.
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 Organizing your Thoughts
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 Selecting a delivery approach

 Rehearsing your speech
 Delivering your message

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 Selecting a delivery approach
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 A good speaker will also think about the delivery

method,or the way in which the speech will be
conveyed to the audience. There are a few ways in
which this is done:
 Impromptu
 Manuscript
 Extemporaneous
 Memorized

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1. Impromptu
 On many different occasions you may be called upon to speak
with little or no notice before hand. For an impromptu speech,
you may have a minute or two to prepare in your mind before
you speak.
2. Manuscript
 The speech is written and the speaker reads it word for word to
the audience. Originally, it was done from the hand-written
paper manuscript.
In other words, you may need to use the manuscript that is provided
without adding your own thoughts or comments.

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3. Extemporaneous
Sandwiched between the memorized and impromptu delivery styles
originates the extemporaneous speech style. For this style, the speech is
not completely written out. It isusually delivered with keynotes for
reference. Most public speaking courses and books
describe extemporaneous speeches.
Extemporaneous is the most natural of all methods of prepared.
4. Memorized
Youmay need to memorize a brief speech, scripture, or perhaps a
poem asyour part in a presentation, rather than being given a
manuscript to read.

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 Rehearsing a speech
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 Speech rehearsal isasimportant aswriting the

speech itself. It starts with a pre-rehearsal and then
follows several steps. By following the process, you
will have a winning speech

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 Step 1: Read Your Speech Aloud

Thiscan be done by reading your speech to a few friends or to yourself. Evenif you
choosethe manuscript method, you will still need to read the speechaloud to
determine whether every word flows and makes sense.
 Step 2: Watch Yourself
Watch yourself either in front of a mirror or on video. These days, it is pretty simple
to film anything with a smartphone. Replay the video a few times. Look and listen
for things you do that may distract your audience, like:
 Twirling your hair

 Speaking way too fast

 Holding your cheat sheet too close to your face

 Using 'umm,' 'urr,' 'duh' at pauses

 Not pausing at all

 No eye contact

 Talking too low or mumbling

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Step 3: Fix What Went Wrong

 Once you previewed yourself, take the third step to fix the things you did
wrong. You can do this in a few ways:
 Adjust speech rate
 Hone in on diction
 Check your breathing
 Assessvocal tone
 Monitor body language
* Speech rate is the pace of your speech. Listen for the speed in which you are
talking. Toofast and you may lose the audience. Tooslow and they may fall
asleep. With enough practice, you will find the right speed.

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 Delivering your message
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1. USEYOUR STAGE WITH INTENTION- When you get in front of a

room, pause. Takein your surroundings. Thenbegin. Youneed a
transition beat. Thisallows you to center yourself, but it also
establishes your presence for your audience.
 Use your stage or space with intention.

 When you move, move with purpose.

 Yourgestures need meaning behind them.Talking with your hands

just to move them is not as impactful as staying still until you have a
specific point to highlight.

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2. PUNCTUATE WITH PAUSES

 Filler words like, um, uh, so, you know, and others. These words
can distract your audience, or worse, undermine your message.
 It’s hard to extract them from your public speaking, but with
practice you can cut your reliance.
 One approach is to use a pause instead. Pausing allows you to
gather your thoughts or take a breath.
 It can also emphasize key messages. Pause to make a point. or
after a question or In-between topics, etc.

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3. READ THE ROOM

 Make eye contact with each person in the room, or with sections of
a larger auditorium.
 You may have prepared a stellar speech or presentation but if
you get up there and people are looking at their phones,
frowning in disapproval, or falling asleep, you have to
recalibrate.
 Before you draft your words, know your audience and write for
them.While presenting, if their body language is concerning, take
a break and ask questions. In a smaller setting, ask if they follow.
 For larger settings, you’ll have to rely on the non-verbal feedback
you receive to adjust on the fly.
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Thank you

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