Comparison of Different Anemias

Acute Hemorrhagic Anemia Aplastic Anemia

Patho problem that arises with chronic blood when bone marrow fails resulting in
loss is iron deficiency anemia. The red hypocellular bone marrow causing a
blood cells are the largest iron depot in deficiency in blood cells
the body

RBC size/ Tear drop cells

Iron Content normal size

Causes losing a lot of blood very quickly bone marrow failure

chronic blood loss early forms of hematopoietic cells are
greatly diminished
bone marrow often contains fats
instead of blood cells

Signs/ Weakness bleeding gums

Symptoms exercise intolerance bruising easily
bleeding nosebleeds
heavy menstrual bleeding
fatigue
pallor
tachycardia
tachypnea
Treatment treatment consists of remedying the blood transfusions are required
source of bleeding bone marrow transplantation

1
 Sickle Cell Anemia Thalassemia’s

Patho the genetic mutation causes synthesis of
hemoglobin that is more fragile and
inefficient at carrying oxygen
in both major and minor one of the
polypeptide chains of the hemoglobin
structure is deficient, leading to
reduced Hgb synthesis and decreased
red blood cell production

RBC size/ abnormal shape Crescent shape

Iron Content

Causes Caused by an abnormal kind of Hgb caused by a genetic defect

called Hgb S that distorts the red blood minor occurs if one defective gene is
cells shape upon exposure to hypoxia or inherited from one parent
severe stress

Signs/ Fatigue Fatigue

Symptoms exercise intolerance Weakness
Pallor
exercise intolerance

Treatment the combination of oxygen, hydration,
pain medications, prophylactic
antibiotics is used to treat basil occlusive
crisis is in complications
those who are asymptomatic require
no treatment
those who need treatment well have
transfusions and preventative
measures against infection

2
 Folic Acid Pernicious (B12)

Patho decreased folic acid synthesis malabsorption is caused primarily by

gastric atrophy. the body develops
antibodies to intrinsic factor (IF)

RBC size/ large Oval

Iron Content Large Oval

Causes caused by Mal absorption of folic acid common in people who lack meat in
from the GI tract or malnutrition the diet

Signs/ Weakness Fatigue

Symptoms difficulty concentrating exercise intolerance
fatigue dyspnea
irritability weakness
headache tachycardia
palpitations positive Babinski
shortness of breath low DTR

Treatment oral replacement of folic acid at the dose administration of B12 intramuscularly
of 1 milligram per day to restore tissue and correction of diet four rich sources
levels of vitamin B12 and oral supplements

3
 Iron (Fe) Deficiency Hemolytic Anemia

Patho iron is needed in the diet to synthesize when erythrocyte destruction

hemoglobin. The heme portion of outpaces red blood cells synthesis by
hemoglobin contains iron that carries the bone marrow
oxygen atoms. Lack of sufficient iron
leads to more poor oxygen transport by
iron deficient hemoglobin molecules

RBC size/ regular size

Iron Content iron deficient

Causes inadequate intake, excessive menstrual decreased red blood cell mass due to
blood loss, and GI blood loss various disorders

Signs/ Fatigue Fatigue

Symptoms Weakness Pallor
exercise intolerance shortness of breath
melena tachycardia
chills
jaundice

Treatment most patients should be treated with immunosuppressive drugs

oral iron therapy splenectomy