تقنية اللحام عملي

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬
174
 ‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؛‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
   ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬         ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ?   E  F ‫א‬  ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬K‫א‬
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
1
 ‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬EF ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K٪80‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 8W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
KEFEF 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
6
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ o
K‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬،، o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬ o
K o
KE‫א‬F o
K o
 K o
 
 
 
7
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WK‫א‬‫א‬W
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 KK‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
 K‫א‬‫א‬ o
 
 WE‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬ o
8
 K‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬ o
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
   ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
   ‫א‬ 
9
 ‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬
   ‫א‬
   ‫א‬
   ‫א‬
   ‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬
10
   ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 E‫א‬
 
  F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 E
 
 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬
 
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
11
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ o
K‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬،، o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬ o
K o
KE‫א‬F o
K o
 K o
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 5015010–8
 
 
‫وﺻـﻠــﺔ ﺗـﺮاآـﺒـﻴـﺔ‬ 
 
 
12
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K2
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K3
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K4
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K5
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K6
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K7
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
13
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K8
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ K9
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K10
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K11
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K12
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
L      

47 - 40 400 - 350 3.25 8-
- 35 500 - 450 4 10 -
40
35 - 30 650 - 600 5 16 -
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K13
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K14
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K15
3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K16
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K17
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K18
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K19
K‫א‬ K20
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K21
 
14
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
   ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
   ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬
   ‫א‬
15
   ‫א‬
   ‫א‬
   ‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 E‫א‬
 
  F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 E
 
16
 
17
 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬
 
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
18
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ o
K‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬،، o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬ o
K o
KE‫א‬F o
K o
 K o
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 150 x 50 x 10 mm2E1
 150 x 50 x 10 mmE2
 
 
 
‫وﺻـﻠــﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ‬  
 
 
 
 
19
 
W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K3
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬ K4
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K5
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ K6
Tack F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K7
 KEwelds
 K‫א‬‫ א‬K8
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K9
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K10
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K11
 K350‫א‬ K12
20
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K13
 K‫א‬‫א‬90‫א‬‫א‬ K14
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K15
 K‫א‬ K16
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K17
 K‫א‬ K18
 K‫א‬ K19
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K20
 ‫א‬ K21
‫א‬‫א‬.22
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
21
  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
   ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
   ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
   ‫א‬
   ‫א‬
   ‫א‬
   ‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
22
   ‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
 
23
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 E‫א‬
 
  F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 E
 
   ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬  
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 E‫א‬
 
  F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 E
 
   ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬  
 
 
24
 
25
 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬
 
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
26
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬         
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ o
K‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬،، o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬ o
K o
K‫א‬ o
K‫א‬ o
KE‫א‬F o
K o
 K o
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 8C100C150‫א‬ 
 3.26013‫א‬ 
 
 
27
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J1
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J2
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J3
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J4
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫ א‬ J5
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J6
 K
‫א‬‫א‬E 90F‫א‬‫א‬،  J7
 KE58070F
 K‫א‬  J8
 K‫א‬  J9
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
28
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬     EF ‫א‬    
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ o
K‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬،، o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬ o
K o
KE‫א‬F o
K o
 K o
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 8C100C150‫א‬ 
 3.26013‫א‬ 
 
 
29
 
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
   K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K
E 90F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 
 KE58070F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ o
K‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬،، o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬ o
K o
K o
K o
 K o
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 6C50C150‫א‬ 
 3.26013‫א‬ 
 
 
31
 W‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J1
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J2
 K‫א‬  J3
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J5
 KE 90F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J6
 
 
 
 
‫زاوﻳﺔ‬ ‫وﺻﻠﺔ‬  
 
 
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J7
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J8
   K
 K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J9
 KE58070F‫א‬‫א‬KE 45F‫א‬‫א‬  J10
 K‫א‬  J11
 K‫א‬  J12
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J13
 
 
32
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ o
K‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬،، o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬ o
K o
K o
K o
 K o
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 6C50C150‫א‬ 
 3.26013‫א‬ 
 
33
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J1
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J2
 K‫א‬  J3
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J5
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J6
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫زاوﻳﺔ ﺧﺎرﺟﻴﺔ‬  
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J7
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J8
   K
‫א‬KE 90F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J9
 KE58070F‫א‬
 K‫א‬  J10
 K‫א‬  J11
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J12
 
 
34
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
   ‫א‬    ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 2
35
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 4
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 5
E1 J1F‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 6
E2 J1F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 7
      ‫א‬   EIGF‫א‬ 8

K‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E5GF‫א‬ 9
‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬  E2GF‫א‬ 10
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  E6GF‫א‬ 11
K45‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 12
E3 J1F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬ E ‫א‬ F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 13
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬ 14
    ‫א‬      ‫ א‬E‫א‬F
 K‫א‬
E4 J1F‫א‬‫א‬
36
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 15
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 16
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 17

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ 18
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 19
E ‫א‬  F ‫א‬       ‫א‬‫ א‬20
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 21
 K‫א‬
‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬22
  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 23
 K‫א‬ E‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬EF‫א‬ ‫ א‬24
 K‫א‬
 E5 J1F‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 25
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬F‫א‬
 E6 J1F‫א‬‫א‬  E‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 26
37
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 E7 J1F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E1 J1F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E2 J1F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
38
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E3 J1F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E4 J1F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
39
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E5 J1F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E6 J1F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
40
 
 
 
 
 
 E7 J1F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬1
K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2
 K ‫א‬‫א‬ 3
E8 J1F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ T  4
E9 J1F‫א‬‫א‬KK
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 5
E10 J1F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ 6
 K‫א‬
E11 J1F‫א‬‫א‬
 
41
 
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 
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 
 E8 J1F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
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 
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 
 E9 J1F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E10 J1F‫א‬
42
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E11 J1F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ o
K o
K‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬،، o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬ o
K o
KE‫א‬F o
 K o
43
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 3C3W 
 4C200C200W 
3.26013‫א‬ 
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
   K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K2
 K‫א‬ K3
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K4
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K5
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K6
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K7
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K8
  K‫א‬‫א‬ K9
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K10
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K11
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K12
 KE58070F‫א‬‫א‬E 45F‫א‬‫א‬K13
 K‫א‬K14
 K‫א‬K15
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K16
 
44
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  
 ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ 
 K 
 ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ 
  
 ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ 
 
45
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
20C8060C60‫א‬ 
 3.2‫א‬ 
60‫א‬100 J60 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K10 J8‫א‬20‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J2
 K‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J3
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
46
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J5
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J6
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬
20 J10‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K20 J10‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
47
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬
K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 
 
 
 
48
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  
 ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ 
 K 
 ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ 
  
  
  
  
  
 K 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 6‫א‬ 
 3.2‫א‬ 
 
 
 
49
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K4
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K5
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K6
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K7
K2 J1,5‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K8
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K9
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K10
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K11
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K12
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K13
50
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K14
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ K15
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K16
K‫א‬‫א‬ K17
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K18
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K19
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K20
K1,5
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K21
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K22
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K23
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K24
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K25
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K26
K‫א‬ K27
K‫א‬‫א‬ K28
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K29
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
51
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
E‫א‬
52
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
53
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
E‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
1
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 3
‫א‬‫א‬ 4
‫א‬ 5
‫א‬ 6
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 7
‫א‬‫א‬ 8
‫א‬ 9
EF‫א‬ 10
‫א‬‫א‬ 11
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬??????‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
54
 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫؟‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 

‫א‬




‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 3
‫א‬‫א‬ 4
‫א‬ 5
‫א‬ 6
EF‫א‬‫א‬ 7
‫א‬‫א‬ 8
‫א‬ 9
EF‫א‬ 10
‫א‬‫א‬ 11
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EFEF‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
55
 
 
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
56
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ K1
K‫א‬‫א‬ K2
K‫א‬ K3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K4
 ٪85‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 5W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
47
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬  ‫א‬  K ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬W 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ 
48
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ 
     ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 WE1F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫ א‬
49
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬    
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬    K  ‫א‬       ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
50
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬W 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WW‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 W‫א‬W 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬K
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE70S ‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE70S3‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
51
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WER308‫א‬ 
 KEF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WER308L‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WER308LS‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
52
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EF‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K 
 K 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
KEFEF 
K 
53
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K1
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K3
 K‫א‬‫ א‬K4
 K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K5
 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K6
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K7
 ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫ א‬K8
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K9
 K
 K10
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ K11
‫א‬ ‫א‬F ˚85 ˚75‫א‬‫א‬ ˚90 ˚85‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
54
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 K12
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬106‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬ K13
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ K‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬
 K14
3‫א‬ 8‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K
 K15
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K16
‫א‬‫א‬K½‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
55
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬ K17
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
56
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K18
 K EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K19
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ 
 K 
K‫א‬ 
 K20
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ K21
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K22
 K23
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K24
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 
 
 
 
57
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ 
58
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K 
 K 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
KEFEF 
K 
 4C50C50‫א‬ 
 34‫א‬‫א‬ 
 0.8‫א‬ 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
K‫א‬‫א‬ K2
K‫א‬‫א‬ K3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K4
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K5
59
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K6
K‫א‬‫ א‬K7
K‫א‬‫ א‬K8
K‫א‬‫ א‬K9
K‫א‬‫א‬ K10
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K11
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K12
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K13
K‫א‬‫א‬ K14
K،‫א‬‫א‬ K15
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K16
K75‫א‬‫א‬45‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K17
K‫א‬ K18
K‫א‬ K19
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K20
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
60
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬    K‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬    
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬T،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
61
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K 
 K 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
KEFEF 
K 
 
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62
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K15C5C6‫א‬‫א‬ K1
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K2
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K3
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K4
 K‫א‬‫ א‬K5
 K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K6
 K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K7
 ‫א‬‫ א‬K8
 K‫א‬‫א‬2.5‫א‬ K9
 
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 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K10
 ˚80‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ˚45‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K11
 K˚85
 K8‫א‬ K12
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K13
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K14
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K15
‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K 
63
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K 
 K 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
KEFEF 
64
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K 
 3C50C50‫א‬ 
 3‫א‬ 
 0.8‫א‬ 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
K‫א‬‫א‬ K2
K‫א‬‫א‬ K3
KE F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K4
KEF‫א‬ K5
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K6
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K7
K‫א‬‫ א‬K8
K‫א‬‫ א‬K9
K‫א‬‫א‬ K10
K‫א‬‫א‬ K11
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K12
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K13
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K14
K‫א‬‫א‬ K15
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K16
65
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K17
K75‫א‬‫א‬90‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K18
K‫א‬ K19
K‫א‬ K20
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K21
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
66
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (V)
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ (V)   
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(V)‫א‬
 K8‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K 
 K 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
KEFEF 
K 
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
67
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 K‫א‬ K1
 K‫א‬ K2
 K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K3
 K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K4
 K‫א‬ K5
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K6
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K7
 K 2.5‫א‬‫ א‬K8
 K‫א‬ K9
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K10
68
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K11
 ˚85‫א‬ ˚85 ˚80‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬E‫א‬F K12
 K‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬96 K13
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K14
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K15
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K16
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K17
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K˚95‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K18
 K1.5‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K19
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K20
  ‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬    ˚95 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬K21
 K‫א‬‫א‬1.5
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 K˚85‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K22
69
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K23
 K‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 K 
 K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬(V)  K24
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K25
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K26
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K27
 ‫א‬ EF     ˚80  70 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ˚90  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K28
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K29
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ K30
 K‫א‬1.5‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K31
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬1.5
 ‫א‬
70
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
71
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
72
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
E‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  

 K‫א‬‫א‬ 1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 3
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 5
‫א‬‫א‬ 6
‫א‬ 7
‫א‬ 8
‫א‬‫א‬ 9
‫א‬ 10
‫א‬ 11
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬???????‫א‬
 
 
 
73
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫؟‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 


‫א‬


 K‫א‬‫א‬ 1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 3
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 5
‫א‬‫א‬ 6
‫א‬ 7
‫א‬ 8
‫א‬‫א‬ 9
‫א‬ 10
‫א‬ 11
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬????????‫א‬
 
74
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
3
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 E‫א‬FW‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 
‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
(‫ﻟﺤﺎم ﺗﻨﺎآﺒﻲ )ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻠﻲ‬ 
‫ ﻟﺤﺎم ﺗﺮاآﺒﻲ‬ 
‫ﻟﺤﺎم زاوﻳﺔ داﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬ 
 K٪80‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E5FW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F 
K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
KEFEF 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
74
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬W 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
75
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
KEINF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬(OUTF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 
 
 K‫א‬L 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
KEONF‫א‬‫א‬ 
KEINF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K(OUTF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
76
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K
K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬
 ‫א‬      ‫א‬      ‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 
77
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
 K‫א‬‫א‬W 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 K2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 
 
 
78
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬W 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ 
79
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K 
K 
K 
 K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫ א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
80
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K 
 K 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
KEFEF 
K 
 10C15‫א‬ 
 5‫א‬‫א‬ 
81
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3
‫א‬‫א‬ K4
K‫א‬ K5
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K6
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K7
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K8
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K9
K‫א‬ K10
K‫א‬‫ א‬K11
K‫א‬‫א‬ K12
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K13
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K14
K‫א‬ K15
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K16
K‫א‬ K17
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K18
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ K19
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K20
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K21
K‫א‬‫א‬ K22
K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K23
K‫א‬ K24
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K25
82
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K26
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K27
K‫א‬‫א‬5‫א‬‫א‬ K28
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K29
 K75‫א‬‫ א‬K30
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K31
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K32
K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K33
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫زاوﻳﺔ اﻟﺴﻠﻚ‬
83
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬EF
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K 
 K 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
KEFEF 
K 
 10C5‫א‬ 
 5‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
84
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3
‫א‬‫א‬ K4
K‫א‬ K5
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K6
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K7
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K8
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K9
K‫א‬ K10
K‫א‬‫ א‬K11
K‫א‬‫א‬ K12
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K13
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K14
K‫א‬ K15
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K16
K‫א‬ K17
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K18
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ K19
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K20
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K21
K‫א‬‫א‬ K22
K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K23
K‫א‬ K24
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K25
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K26
85
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K27
K‫א‬‫א‬5‫א‬‫א‬ K28
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K29
 K75‫א‬‫ א‬K30
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K31
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K32
K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K33
 K‫א‬32 K34
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K35
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ْ 90 ‫زاوﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
 
‫اﻟﺘﻘﺪم‬ ‫زاوﻳﺔ‬
ْ 70  
 
‫زاوﻳﺔ اﻟﺴﻠﻚ‬
 
 
 
 
 
86
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K 
 K 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
KEFEF 
K 
 10C5‫א‬ 
 3‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
87
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3
‫א‬‫א‬ K4
K‫א‬ K5
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K6
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K7
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K8
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K9
K‫א‬ K10
K‫א‬‫א‬ K11
K‫א‬‫א‬ K12
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K13
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K14
K‫א‬ K15
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K16
K‫א‬ K17
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K18
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ K19
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K20
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K21
K‫א‬‫א‬ K22
K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K23
K‫א‬ K24
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K25
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K26
88
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K27
K‫א‬‫א‬5‫א‬‫א‬ K28
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K29
 K75‫א‬‫א‬ K30
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K31
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K32
K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K33
 
89
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ETF‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ET  F ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K 
 K 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
KEFEF 
K 
 5C5‫א‬ 
 3‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
90
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3
‫א‬‫א‬ K4
K‫א‬ K5
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K6
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K7
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K8
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K9
K‫א‬ K10
K‫א‬‫א‬ K11
K‫א‬‫א‬ K12
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K13
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K14
K‫א‬ K15
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K16
K‫א‬ K17
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K18
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ K19
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K20
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K21
K‫א‬‫א‬ K22
K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K23
K‫א‬ K24
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K25
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K26
91
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K27
K‫א‬‫א‬5‫א‬‫א‬ K28
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K29
 K75‫א‬‫א‬ K30
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K31
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K32
K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K33
 W(T)‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ،‫א‬    ‫א‬ ?‫?א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،(T)‫א‬، 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
92
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
93
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
94
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
E‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  

‫א‬ 1
‫א‬ 2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 3
‫א‬‫א‬ 4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 5
‫א‬‫א‬ 6
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 7
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 8
‫א‬ 9
(‫ﻟﺤﺎم ﺗﻨﺎآﺒﻲ )ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻠﻲ‬‫א‬ 10
‫ ﻟﺤﺎم ﺗﺮاآﺒﻲ‬‫א‬ 11
‫ﻟﺤﺎم زاوﻳﺔ داﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬‫א‬ 12
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬????????‫א‬
 
 
95
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫؟‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 

‫א‬




‫א‬ 1
‫א‬ 2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 3
‫א‬‫א‬ 4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 5
‫א‬‫א‬ 6
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 7
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 8
‫א‬ 9
(‫ﻟﺤﺎم ﺗﻨﺎآﺒﻲ )ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻠﻲ‬‫א‬ 10
‫ ﻟﺤﺎم ﺗﺮاآﺒﻲ‬‫א‬ 11
‫ﻟﺤﺎم زاوﻳﺔ داﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬‫א‬ 12
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬????‫א‬
96
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
4
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ K5
K‫א‬‫א‬ K6
K‫א‬ K7
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K8
 ٪85‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 8W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
97
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J1
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2
 E‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J3
 K
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J4
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J5
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J6
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J7
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J8
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J10
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J11
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J12
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J13
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J14
98
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   J1
 ‫א‬  J2
 ‫א‬  J3
 K  J4
 ‫א‬  J5
   J6
   J7
   J8
   J9
 K  J10
 
 150 x 50 x 8 mmW‫א‬‫א‬ST 37W‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
99
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K3
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K4
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K5
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K6
 ‫א‬ K7
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K8
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K9
 
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
       
 0.3  2.5  1 1 J0.5
 0.3  2.5  2  2–1
 0.5  2.5  3  4–2
 0.5  2.5  4  6–4
 0.5  2.5  5  9–6
 0.5  2.5  6  14–9
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K10
 ‫א‬ K11
 ‫א‬ K12
 ‫א‬ K13
 ‫א‬ K14
100
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬45‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K15
 ‫א‬‫א‬30‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K16
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K17
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K18
 ‫א‬ K19
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K20
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K21
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K22
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
   
   
   
   ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬
101
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
   
   
   
   ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 ‫א‬
   ‫א‬
   ‫א‬
 
102
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E
 
   EF‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
103
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬
 
 
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
104
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K1
 ‫א‬ K2
 ‫א‬ K3
 K K4
 ‫א‬ K5
  K6
  K7
  K8
  K9
 K K10
 
 ST 37‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 150 x 50 x 4 mmW‫א‬‫א‬
 
105
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K3
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K4
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K5
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K6
 ‫א‬ K7
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K8
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K9
 
 
106
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
       
 0.3  2.5  1 1 J0.5
 0.3  2.5  2  2–1
 0.5  2.5  3  4–2
 0.5  2.5  4  6–4
 0.5  2.5  5  9–6
 0.5  2.5  6  14–9
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K10
 ‫א‬ K11
 ‫א‬ K12
 ‫א‬ K13
 ‫א‬ K14
 ‫א‬‫א‬45‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K15
 ‫א‬‫א‬30‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K16
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K17
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K18
 ‫א‬ K19
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K20
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K21
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K22
107
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
   
   
   
   ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
   
   
   
108
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
   ‫א‬
   ‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E
 
109
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   EF‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬
 
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
110
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K1
 ‫א‬ K2
 ‫א‬ K3
 K K4
 ‫א‬ K5
  K6
  K7
  K8
  K9
 K K10
 
111
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 150 x 50 x 4 mmW2ST 37W‫א‬‫א‬

 
112
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K2
 K‫א‬ K3
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K4
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K5
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K6
 K‫א‬ K7
K‫א‬ K8
 K‫א‬ K9
 K‫א‬ K10
 K‫א‬ K11
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K12
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K13
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K14
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K15
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K16
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K17
 K5‫א‬ K18
 K‫א‬ K19
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K20
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K21
 
 
 
 
 
113
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K1
 ‫א‬ K2
 ‫א‬ K3
 K K4
 ‫א‬ K5
  K6
  K7
  K8
  K9
 K K10
 
 150 x 50 x 4 mmW2ST 37W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
114
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K2
 K‫א‬ K3
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K4
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K5
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K6
 K‫א‬ K7
K‫א‬ K8
 K‫א‬ K9
 K‫א‬ K10
 K‫א‬ K11
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K12
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K13
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K14
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K15
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K16
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K17
 K5‫א‬ K18
 K‫א‬ K19
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K20
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K21
 
 
 
 
115
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
116
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
117
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
E‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  

‫א‬‫א‬ 1
‫א‬ 2
‫א‬‫א‬ 3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 4

 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬????????‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
118
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
E‫؟‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ 

‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬ 1
‫א‬ 2
‫א‬‫א‬ 3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 4
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬????????‫א‬
 
119
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
5
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ٪85‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 4W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
119
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
EFK‫א‬ 
 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 
120
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ 
 
 
 
121
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ E2
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ E3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E4
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

     
122
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
123
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
124
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
E‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬4

 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬????????‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
125
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
E‫؟‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ 

‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 4
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬????????‫א‬
 
126
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﻗﺒﻮل‬acceptance
‫ ﻣﻠﺤﻘﺎت‬accessories
‫ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬،‫ دﻗﻴﻖ‬، ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻢ‬accurate
‫ ﻳﺤﻘﻖ‬achieve
‫ﺿﺒﻂ‬adjusting
‫ﺳﻤﺎح‬allowance
‫ﺻﻠﺐ ﺳﺒﺎﺋﻜﻰ‬alloyed steel
‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺳﺒﺎﺋﻜﻴﺔ‬alloying elements
‫هﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻠﺤﺎم اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬American welding society
‫ﺗﺸﻮﻩ زاوي‬angular distortion

‫ ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ‬،‫ﺗﺼﺪﻳﻖ‬approval
‫ ﻳﻔﺤﺺ ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ‬، ‫ﻳﺼﺪق‬approve
‫ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ‬،‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ‬approximation
‫ﻗﻮس‬Arc
‫ ﻃﻮل اﻟﻘﻮس‬، ‫ﺟﺬع اﻟﻘﻮس‬arc length
‫ﺟﻬﺪ اﻟﻘﻮس‬arc voltage
‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ‬asymmetrical
‫اﻟﺠﻮ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬atmosphere
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬average
‫أﺷﻌﺎل رﺟﻮﻋﻲ‬Backfire
‫ﻟﺤﺎم ﺗﻘﻬﻘﺮي‬Backhand
‫ﻣﺴﺤﻮق ﻗﺎﻋﺪي‬basic covering
‫اﻟﺪرزة‬Bead
‫ﺗﺼﺮف‬behaviour
‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺤﻨﻰ‬Bending test
‫ﻟﺤﺎم اﻟﻤﻮﻧﺔ‬Brazing
‫وﺻﻠﺔ ﺗﻨﺎآﺒﻴﺔ‬Butt joint
‫ﺳﻌﺔ‬Capacity
‫اﻟﺸﻮط اﻷﺧﻴﺮ ﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬capping run
‫ﻟﻬﺐ ﻣﻜﺮﺑﻦ‬Carburizing flame
‫ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﺳﻴﺴﻠﻴﻠﻮزﻳﺔ‬cellulosic coverings
‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬characteristics
‫ﻳﺨﺘﺒﺮ‬check
‫زﺑﻮن‬client
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫وﺻﻠﺔ رآﻨﻴﺔ‬Corner joint

‫ﻟﺤﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺎرد‬cold pressure welding
‫ﺗﺮآﻴﺐ‬composition
‫ﺗﺮآﻴﺰ‬concentration
‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬constituents
‫ ﺷﻮاﺋﺐ‬،‫ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻨﺎت‬contamination
‫اﻧﻜﻤﺎش‬contraction
‫ﺷﻘﻮق‬Cracks
‫ﺣﻔﺮة‬crater
‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ‬cross section
‫اﻣﺪاد ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬current supply
‫أﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ‬Cylinder
‫اﺧﺘﺰال‬De-oxidation
‫ﻋﻤﻖ‬depth
‫اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻻﺗﻼﻓﻰ‬Destructive testing
‫ﻗﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬Direct polarity
‫ﺳﻮاﺋﻞ ﻧﺎﻓﺬة‬Dye penetrant
‫وﺻﻠﺔ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﺔ‬Edge joint
‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ اﻟﺤﻮاف‬edge preparation
‫ﻗﻮس آﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‬Electric arc
‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ آﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬Electric resistance
‫ﻗﻄﺐ‬Electrode
‫آﻔﺎءة اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮود‬electrode efficiency
‫ﻣﻘﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﻬﻤﺔ‬essential parameters
‫ﺗﻤﺪد‬expansion
‫اﻟﺸﻮط اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻰ‬final run
‫ ﻣﺎدة اﻟﺤﺸﻮ‬، ‫ﺳﻠﻚ اﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬Filler
‫أﺷﻮاط ﺗﻌﺒﺌﺔ‬Filling runs

‫ ﻣﺤﺪد‬،‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬fixed
‫ﻟﻬﺐ‬Flame
‫ﻣﺨﺮوط اﻟﻠﻬﺐ‬flame cone
‫ﻗﻠﺐ اﻟﻠﻬﺐ‬Flame core
‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻬﺐ‬Flame cutting
‫ﻟﺤﺎم وﻣﻀﻲ‬Flash welding
‫وﻣﺾ ﺧﻠﻔﻲ‬flashing back
‫ﺳﻔﻠﻲ‬Flat
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ﺳﺮﻳﺎن اﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬flow of current

‫ﻟﺤﺎم ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻲ‬Forehand
‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن‬formula
‫آﺴﺮ‬fracture
‫ﻟﺤﺎم أﺣﺘﻜﺎآﻲ‬Friction welding
‫ﻟﺤﺎم ﺣﺮاري‬Fusion welding
‫ ﺛﻐﺮة‬،‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺷﺌﻴﻦ‬gap
‫ﻣﺸﻌﻞ اﻟﻐﺎز‬Gas igniter
‫ﻣﻮﻟﺪ‬generator
‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺼﻼدة‬Hardness test

‫ﺗﻮزع اﻟﺤﺮارة‬heat distribution
‫ إدﺧﺎل ﺣﺮارة‬،‫ﺗﺴﺨﻴﻦ‬heat input
‫ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﺤﺮارة‬heat source
‫ﺗﺮدد ﻋﺎﻟﻰ‬high frequency
‫أﻓﻘﻲ‬Horizontal
‫ﺧﺮﻃﻮم‬Hose
‫ﻣﺎﺳﻜﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﻃﻮم‬Hose clips
‫ﻟﺤﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ‬hot pressure welding
‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺼﺪم‬Impact test
‫ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬، ‫ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ‬improvement
‫ﻗﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬indirect polarity
‫ﺗﺴﺨﻴﻦ ﺑﺘﻴﺎر ﺣﺜﻲ‬induction heating
‫ﻏﺎز ﺧﺎﻣﻞ‬Inert gas
‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬Influence
‫ﻣﺪﺧﻞ‬Inlet
‫ﻓﺤﺺ‬Inspection
‫ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺎ‬Inversely
‫ﻣﻐﻴﺮ ﺗﻴﺎر‬inverter
‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﺛﻘﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬keyholing
‫ﺻﻠﺐ ﻣﺨﻤﺪ‬killed steel
‫وﺻﻠﺔ ﺗﺮاآﺒﻴﺔ‬lap joint
‫ﺗﺴﺮب‬leakage
‫أﻧﺸﺎءات‬light fabrications
‫ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺣﺪود‬limitations
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ﺣﻤﻞ‬Load
‫ﺗﻤﺪد ﻃﻮﻟﻰ‬longitudinal expansion
‫ﻣﺠﺎل ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ‬Magnetic field
‫ﻟﺤﺎم ﺑﺈﻟﻜﺘﺮود ﻳﻨﺼﻬﺮ وﻏﺎز ﺧﺎﻣﻞ‬Metal inert gas Arc welding MIG
‫ﺻﻠﺐ ﻃﺮي‬mild steel
‫ﺣﻴﺰ اﻟﺨﻠﻂ‬Mixing chamber
‫ﻟﻬﺐ ﻣﺘﻌﺎدل‬Neutral flame
‫ﻓﺤﺺ ﻏﻴﺮ اﺗﻼﻓﻰ‬Non - destructive testing
‫ﻓﻮهﺔ‬Nozzle
‫ﻳﺤﺪث‬Occur
‫ﻓﻮهﺔ‬Orifice
‫ﻣﺨﺮج‬Outlet
‫ﻣﺨﺮج‬Outlet
‫ﻟﺤﺎم ﺳﻘﻔﻲ‬Overhead
‫ﻟﻬﺐ ﻣﺆآﺴﺪ‬Oxidizing flame
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪن اﻟﻤﺠﺎور‬parent metal

‫ﻣﺮور اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء‬passage of electricity
‫ﻃﻮر‬Phase
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻣﺎت‬Pin holes
‫ﻓﺠﻮات ﻏﺎزﻳﺔ‬Porosity
‫ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬power source

‫ﺗﺴﺨﻴﻦ أوﻟﻰ‬preheating
‫ﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻀﻐﻆ‬Pressure gauge
‫ﺧﺰاﻧﺎت ﺿﻐﻂ‬pressure vessels

‫ ﺗﻮﻗﻊ‬،‫ﺗﻨﺒﺄ‬pridect
‫ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﻳﻨﻔﺬ‬procedure
‫ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬protection
‫ﻏﻄﺎء ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬Protective cap
‫ﻏﺮض‬purpose
‫ﻣﺘﻄﻮر ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬rapidly developing
‫أﺷﻌﺔ‬Rays
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬، ‫ﻣﻘﻮم‬rectifier

‫ﻣﻨﻈﻢ‬regulator
‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬requirements
‫اﺟﻬﺎدات ﻣﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ‬residual stresses
‫ رد ﻓﻌﻞ‬،‫ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬response
‫ﺷﻮط اﻟﺠﺬر‬root run
)‫ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ روﺗﻴﻠﻴﺔ ) أآﺴﻴﺪ ﺗﻴﺘﺎﻧﻴﻮم‬rutile coverings
‫ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻨﺎت ﺧﺒﺜﻴﺔ‬Salg inclusions
‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ‬sample
)‫ﻟﺤﺎم ﺷﺮﻳﻄﻲ )ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬seam welding
‫رﺳﻢ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻰ‬shematic diagram
‫ﻟﺤﺎم ﺑﺈﻟﻜﺘﺮود ﻣﻐﻠﻒ‬Shielded Arc welding
‫ ﺗﻘﻠﺺ‬، ‫اﻧﻜﻤﺎش‬shrinkage
‫ﺧﺒﺚ‬Slag
‫ﺣﺰ‬Slot
‫ﻟﺤﺎم اﻟﺴﻤﻜﺮة‬Soldering
‫ﻣﻔﺘﺎح رﺑﻂ‬Spanner
‫ رذاذ اﻟﻤﻌﺪن‬- ‫رﺷﺎش‬Splash of metal
‫ﻟﺤﺎم اﻟﺒﻘﻌﺔ )اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬Spot welding (
‫ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﻢ‬، ‫اﺳﺘﻌﺪال‬straightening
‫ ﺗﻤﺮآﺰ اﻻﺟﻬﺎدات‬stress concentration
‫ﻟﺤﺎم اﻟﻘﻮس اﻟﻤﻐﻤﻮرة‬Submerged Arc welding
‫اﻹﻣﺪاد‬supplying
‫ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ‬symmetrical
‫ وﺻﻠﺔ ﺣﺮف‬T- Joint
‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺸﺪ‬Tensile test
‫أﺑﻌﺎد‬،‫ ﻗﺺ‬،‫إزاﻟﺔ‬termination
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‬thermal conductivity
‫ﻟﺤﺎم اﻟﺜﺮﻣﻴﺖ‬Thermit welding
‫ﺣﺪ أﻗﺼﻰ‬thershold
‫ﺻﻠﺐ اﻟﻌﺪد )ﺻﻠﺐ ﺳﺒﺎﺋﻜﻰ‬tool steel
‫ﻣﺸﻌﻞ )ﺑﻮري‬Torch (
‫اﻧﻜﻤﺎش ﻋﺮﺿﻲ‬transverse shrinkage
‫ﻟﺤﺎم ﺑﺈﻟﻜﺘﺮود ﺗﻨﺠﺴﺘﻦ‬Tungesten Arc welding TIG
‫ﻓﻮق ﺳﻤﻌﻰ‬Ultra Sonic

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎت ﻓﻮق اﻟﺴﻤﻌﻴﺔأ‬Ultrasonic testing

‫ﺷﻘﻮق داﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬Underbead cracks
‫ﻗﺺ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬Undercut
‫ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻎ اﻟﻬﻮاء‬vacuum chamber
‫ﺻﻤﺎم‬Valve
‫ﺗﻬﻮﻳﺔ‬ventilation
‫رأﺳﻲ‬Vertical
‫ﻓﺤﺺ ﺑﺼﺮي ) ﻳﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬Visual inspection
‫ﺣﻮض اﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬Weld pool
‫ﺟﻮدة اﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬Weld quality
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬Weldability
‫ﻟﺤﺎم‬Welding
‫ﻋﻴﻮب اﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬welding defects
‫أوﺿﺎع اﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬welding positions
‫اﻷﺳﻠﻮب اﻟﻔﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬Welding technique
‫ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬Working pressure
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
  1987،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،K،‫א‬ E1
 K1978،‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E2
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬KK،،‫א‬ E3
K1982‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E4
2008،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬ E5
1428،‫א‬،‫א‬
Welding principles and applications, Larry Jeffus, 4th edition, Delmar E6

publisherUSA, 1999.
Welding Engineering,R.L. Agrawal, Khanna publisher, Delhi, 1985. E7
 
Practical welding, S. Gibson, Mcmillan press, London, 1994 E8
 
Principles of welding , L. M. Gourd, thitd edition, Edward Arnold, E9
1995, London
 
Work shop Technology, part 3, W.A.J. Chapman, 3rd Edition, E10
Arnold, 1986
 
 ‫א‬ 174 ‫א‬
EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬
   ‫א‬
1 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
45  ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
72 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
95 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
115 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
123  ‫א‬‫א‬
129  ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬
   
39

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تقنية اللحام عملي

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

L      

      ‫א‬   EIGF‫א‬ 8

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 17

E10 J1F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 150 x 50 x 4 mmW2ST 37W‫א‬‫א‬

‫ﺗﺸﻮﻩ زاوي‬angular distortion

‫وﺻﻠﺔ رآﻨﻴﺔ‬Corner joint

‫أﺷﻮاط ﺗﻌﺒﺌﺔ‬Filling runs

‫ﺳﺮﻳﺎن اﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬flow of current

‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺼﻼدة‬Hardness test

‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪن اﻟﻤﺠﺎور‬parent metal

‫ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬power source

‫ﺧﺰاﻧﺎت ﺿﻐﻂ‬pressure vessels

‫ ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬، ‫ﻣﻘﻮم‬rectifier

‫ﻓﻮق ﺳﻤﻌﻰ‬Ultra Sonic

‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎت ﻓﻮق اﻟﺴﻤﻌﻴﺔأ‬Ultrasonic testing

Welding principles and applications, Larry Jeffus, 4th edition, Delmar E6

Welding Engineering,R.L. Agrawal, Khanna publisher, Delhi, 1985. E7

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