● Section 4
Republic Act
1425 - “Rizal
Law”
- Sponsored by: Jose P. Laurel
- Was 1st filed to the senate
committee on education on April 3,
1956 as Senate Bill #438
- An act to make Noli Me Tangere
and El Filibusterismo compulsory
reading material in all public and
private colleges and universities
and for other purposes.
● Section 1
○ Jose Rizal’s Noli Me
Tangere and El Fili are
hereby declared
compulsory reading matter
in all public and private
schools, colleges, and
universities in the
Philippines.
● Section 2
○ The works in section 1 of
this act shall be in the
original editions or in their
unexpurgated english and
national language versions.
● Section 3
○ The department of
education shall take steps
to promulgate rules and
regulations for the
immediate implementation
of the provisions of this act.
○ No provisions of this act
shall be construed as
prohibiting or limiting the
study of the works of other
● Section 5
Filipino heroes.
○ Any public or any private
college or university found
violating, failing to comply
with, or circumventing the
provisions of this act shall
be punished accordingly:
A. The head of any public college or
university charged with
implementing provisions of this act
who shall have been found guilty
of violating, failing to comply with,
or circumventing the provisions
thereof, shall be dismissed
immediately from public service
and shall be disqualified from
teaching in any public or
government-recognized private
school, college, or university.
B. Government recognition of any
private college or university found
violating or circumventing the
provisions of this act shall be
immediately withdrawn, and the
responsible head and professors
concerned shall be disqualified
from teaching in any
government-recognized college or
university.
● Jose P. Laurel argued that the
object of the measure was to
disseminate the ideas and ideals of
the great Filipino patriot through
the reading of his works,
particularly Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo.
 ● “Noli Me Tangere and El ● Pros and Antis
Filibusterismo must be read by all ○ Debate on the Senate Bill
Filipinos. They must be taken to #438 started on April 23,
heart, for in their pages we see 1956.
ourselves as in the mirror; our ○ PROs
defects, as well as our strength, - Jose P. Laurel
our virtues, as well as our vices. - Claro M Recto
Only then would we become ○ ANTIs
conscious as a people and so - Mariano J Cuenco
learn to prepare ourselves for - Francisco Rodrigo
painful sacrifices that ultimately - Decoroso Rosales.
lead to self-reliance, self respect,
and freedom.” ○ Another debate of House
Bill 5561, May 9 1956.
○ PROs
- Jacobo Gonzales
● Oppositions of the Catholic Church - Emilio Cortez
(3 reasons): - Mario Bengzon
1. Open criticism of the Catholic Church. - Joaqin R. Roces
2. In the “Compulsory” teaching of the - W. Rancap Lagumbay
unexpurgated versions of Noli and El Fili, ○ ANTIs
a teacher would have the tendency to - Ramon Durano
discuss — or worse, criticize the church - Jose Nuguid
doctrines. - Marciano Lim
3. The inevitable criticism of the church - Manuel Zosa
might jeopardize the faith of the people. - Luas Paredes
- Godofredo Ramos
● Cardinal Rufino J. Santos, - Miguel Cuenco
Archbishop of Manila, wrote an - Carnen D. Consing
excerpt about why the Philippine - Tecla San Andres Ziga
hierarchy of Catholic churches are
against the law.
● Father Jesus Cavanna, a speaker
on the symposium organized by ● Jose P. Laurel entered into a
Catholic action of Manila stated his compromise with the opposition
concern against the Rizal Law. through amendment through
“The novel was not patriotic at all, substitution.
with the 333 pages of Noli, only
25 contained patriotic passages,
while 120 were anti-church.

● An act to include in the curricula of
all public and private schools,
colleges, and universities courses
on the life works, and writings of
Jose Rizal, particularly his novels
Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, authorizing the
printing and distribution and other
purposes.
● Senator Primicias proposed an
inclusion to the amendment “The
board shall promulgate rules and
regulations providing for the
exemption of the students for
reasons of religious belief stated in
a sworn written statement.”
● Senator Laurel’s Substitute Bill
was approved unanimously on
second reading on May 12, 1956.
● House Bill 5561 approved the Bill
on May 14, 1956 with 51
congressmen in favor.
● Why was there a conflict in the
House of the Representatives?
○ Because of “Sine Die”
(Indefinite Adjourn)
Concerns About
The National
Hero
CRITERIA FOR CHOOSING A
NATIONAL HERO
1. The person must be a Filipino.
2. The person is a peace lover and a
pacifist.
3. The person must have a great
sense of patriotism.
(Remember: there is a difference between
patriotism vs. nationalism)
➔ Patriotism - general love
for the country and fellow
countrymen.
➔ Nationalism - love for the
nation. Patriotism except
egocentric in nature.
4. The person must die for the
country as a Martyr.
- Dr. Otley Beyer - non-Filipino
(American Anthropologist) who is
studying Filipinos from origin, how
they came to be, and etc. Also
known as “Father of Philippine
Anthropology”.
WHY RIZAL WAS A HERO?
1. The 1st Filipino to unite and
awaken the Filipino people to
peacefully rise for independence.
a. Woke the nationalistic spirit
of the Filipinos.
2. A Model for being a peacemaker
by his complete abandonment of
his personal interest and to think
only for his country and people.
3. He was a towering figure in the
propaganda campaign from
1882-1896.
4. He was a martyr at Bagumbayan
where he willingly died for our
country.
 WHAT IS A HERO? ○ Melchora Aquino - the
Mother of the Katipunan
● A hero is a person admired for his ○ Gabriela Silang - leader of
achievements and noble qualities a revolt in the Ilocos Region
and a prominent or central (people call her “Henerala”)
personage taking an admirable
action.
○ TAKE NOTE!
■ The Philippines On March 28, 1993, President Fidel V.
does not have an Ramos (12th President of the Philippines)
OFFICIAL issued Executive Order No. 85 entitled
NATIONAL HERO! “Creating the National Heroes Committee
(BY: NCCA) Under the Office of the President”.
● According to the criteria of Dr.
Onofre D. Corpuz and Dr. Alfredo
Lagmay, (TechCon), these are the
qualified candidates:
○ Jose Rizal - wrote Noli Mi
Tangere and El
Filibusterismo and was a
martyr (reformist not a
revolutionist).
○ Andres Bonifacio -
founder of Katipunan.
○ Emilio Aguinaldo - First
President of the
Philippines. Filipino
General. Is a Traitor. A
balimbing :D
○ Apolinario Mabini - “utak
ng himagsikan” or “brain of Second Topic
the revolution”. “Dakilang
Lumpo” o “Dakilang
Paralitiko”
○ Marcelo H. Del Pilar -
OBJECTIVES:
father of Philippine
● To be able to know the childhood
Journalism
years of Jose Rizal in Calamba.
○ Sultan Dipatuan Kudarat -
● To know what he achieved at a
the most powerful Muslim
young age.
ruler in the Philippines
● To be able to know what events in
○ Juan Luna - Filipino
his life made him love his nation
painter, sculptor, and a
and fight for freedom.
political activist. Brother of
General Antonio Luna
● Jose Rizal grew up in a happy
home, ruled by good parents,
bubbling with joy, and sanctified by
God’s blessings.
● His native town is Calamba. Its
scenic beauties and industrious,
hospitable, and friendly folks
impressed him during his
childhood and profoundly affected
his mind and character.
Earliest Childhood Memories

● The first memory of Rizal, in his

Calamba, the Hero’s Town
● Calamba was a hacienda
town which belonged to the
Dominican Order, which
also owned all the lands
around it.
infancy, was his happy days in the
family garden when he was three
years old. Because he was a sick
child, he was given the tenderest
care by his parents. His father
built a little nipa cottage in the
garden for him to play in the day
time.

House of Jose Rizal in Calamba

● Another childhood memory was

the daily Angelus prayer. By
nightfall, his mother gathered all
the children at the house to pray
the Angelus.
● Another memory of his infancy
was the nocturnal walk in the town.
The maid took him for a walk in the
moonlight by the river.

The Hero’s First Sorrow
● Jose loved most the little Concha
(Concepcion), he was a year older
than Concha. He played with her
and from her he learned the
sweetness of a sisterly love.
● Unfortunately, Concha died of
sickness in 1865 when she was
three years old. Jose, who was
very fond of her, cried bitterly at
losing her. “When I was four years
old, I lost my little sister Concha,
and then for the first time I shed
tears caused by love and grief…”
Devoted Son of the Church
● At the age of three, he began to
take part in the family prayers. His
mother was a devout Catholic,
taught the Catholic prayers, when
he was five years old, he was able
to read haltingly the Spanish family
Bible.
● Father Leoncio Lopez - he is the
town priest. Jose Rizal used to visit
him and listen to his stimulating
opinions on current events and
sound philosophy of life.
Pilgrimage to Antipolo
● On June 6, 1868, Jose and his
father left Calamba to go on a
pilgrimage to Antipolo, in order to
fulfill his mother’s vow which was
made when Jose was born.
● It was the first trip of Jose across
Laguna de Bay. After praying at
the shrine of the Virgin of Antipolo,
Jose and his father went to Manila.
It was the first time Jose saw
Manila. They visited Saturnina,
who was then a boarding student
at La Concordia College in Sta.
Ana.
Artistic Talents
● Since early childhood Rizal
revealed his God-given talent for
art. At the age of five, he began
to make sketches with his pencil
and to mold in clay and wax
objects.
“All right, laugh at me now! Someday
when I die, people will make monuments
and images of me!”
First Poem by Rizal
● Rizal possessed a God-given gift
for literature. Since early boyhood
he had scribbled verses on loose
 sheets of paper and on the
textbooks of his sisters. His
mother, who was a lover of
literature, noticed his poetic
inclination and encouraged him to
write poetry.
● At the age of eight, Rizal wrote his
first poem in the native language
entitled Sa Aking mga Kababata
(To My Fellow Children).
To My Fellow Children
Whenever people of a country truly love
The language which by heav’n they were
taught to use
That country also surely liberty pursue
As does the bird which soars to freer
space above.
For language is the final judge and referee
Upon the people in the land where it holds
sway;
To make our human race resembles in this
way
The other living beings born in liberty.
First Drama by Rizal
● Rizal, who was eight years old,
wrote his first dramatic work which
was in Tagalog comedy. It is said
that it was staged in a Calamba
festival and was delightfully
applauded by the audience.
Rizal as Boy Magician
● Since early manhood Rizal had
been interested in magic. With his
dexterous hands, he learned
various tricks. He entertained his
town folks with magic-lantern
exhibitions.
● In later years when he attained
manhood, he continued his keen
predilection for magic. He read
many books on magic and
attended the performances of the
famous magicians of the world.
Influences on the Hero’s Boyhood
1. Hereditary Influence
2. Environmental Influence
3. Aid of Divine Providence
Hereditary Influence
● From his Malayan ancestors, Rizal
inherited his love for freedom, his
innate desire to travel, and his
indomitable courage.
● From his Chinese ancestors, he
got his elegance of bearing,
sensitivity to insult, and gallantry to
ladies.
● From his father, he inherited a
profound sense of self-respect, the
love for work, and the habit of
independent thinking.
● And from his mother, he inherited
his religious nature, the spirit of
self-sacrifice, and the passion for
arts and literature.
Environmental Influence
● The scenic beauties of Calamba
and the beautiful garden of Rizal
family stimulated the inborn artistic
and literary talents of Jose Rizal.
● The religious atmosphere at his
home fortified his religious nature.
● His brother, Paciano, instilled in
his mind the love for freedom and
justice. From his sisters, he
learned to be courteous and kind
to women.
● His three uncles, inspired him to
develop his artistic ability, to
develop his frail body and
intensified his voracious reading of
good books.
● Father Leoncio Lopez, fostered
Rizal’s love for scholarship and
intellectual honesty.
● The death of his sister Concha
and the imprisonment of his
mother, contributed to strengthen
his character, enabling him to
resist blows of adversity in later
years.
● The Spanish cruelties and
abuses awakened his spirit of
patriotism and inspired him to
consecrate his life and talents to
redeem his oppressed people.
Aid of Divine Providence
● Rizal was providentially destined
to be the pride and glory of his
nation. God had endowed him with
the versatile gifts of a genius, the
vibrant spirit of a nationalist, and
the valiant heart to sacrifice for a
noble cause.
Dr. Jose Rizal Family
Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado y
Alejandor - Jose’s father
Teodora Realonda y Quintos - Jose’s
mother
Saturnina - eldest sister
Manuel Hidalgo - husband of Saturnina
Paciano - second child of the Rizal family
- studied in San Jose College
- farmer
- general in the Philippine
Revolution
Narcisa - first to call Jose as Pepe
- Third child of the Rizal family
Olympia - fourth child
Lucia - fifth child
Maria - sixth child
Jose - seventh child
Concepcion - eight child
- also known as “Concha”
- died at three years old
- Jose was very fond of her
because she kept calling him as
Pepe
Josefa - the Katipunera
- ninth child
Trinidad - tenth child
- feminists leader
Soledad - eleventh and youngest child
The 19th Century
Philippines
● The Philippines was
predominantly feudalistic.
● This is the result of the arrival of
the conquistadores.
Feudalism - involves sectioning of lands
for vassals (a holder of land by feudal
tenure on conditions of homage and
allegiance.) and with a King at the top.
Imperialism - involves some sort of
conquering by military force.
Conquistadores -
conquerors/conquestors — spanish
conquerors.
Spaniards conquered: Peru and Mexico
aside from the Philippines.
● The Indios were exploited by the
elite class. They were drafted for
manual labor.
● 2 Major Spanish social structures:
○ Peninsulares
- Spanish people born in the
peninsulas in Europe (Ibarian
Peninsula)[Portugal & Spain]
○ Insulares
- Are spanish people who are born
in Spanish Colonies.
● The Philippines was governed by
Spain through the Ministro De
Ultramar based in Madrid, Spain.
● Central Government
○ Governador-General (the
representative of the King)
○ Vice (royal patron over
religious affairs)
○ Chief Executive (issues
orders and proclamations;
government/political
concerns)
○ Ex-officio (president of the
Royal Audiencia or
supreme court)
○ Commander in Chief
(Military Head)
● Provincial Government (Alcaldia)
○ Alcalde (Mayor/Governor)
● City Government
(Labildo/Ayuntamiento)
○ Two Alcaldes en-ordinario
● Local Government Unit (Pueblo or
town) = municipality
● Smallest Government Unit
(Barangay or Barrio)
○ Cabeza de Barangay
(Barangay Chief)
○ Collects taxes and tributes
from constituents.
○ Received 2% from tax
collection aside from the
4% of the Sanctorium =
Christi
● Guardia Civil
○ The most-feared
instruments were:
- Erehe - anti church (once caught,
will be executed in public at 7:30
AM)[Family will be tagged as
outcast]
- Filibuster/Filibustero - anti
government (also killed if caught)
● Royal Audiencia
○ Supreme court
● Frailocracia/Frailocracy
○ What the government
followed before.
○ Is a concept in which the
government is controlled by
the friars = kinship ruling -
government and church is
both ruled by one person.
● The most corrupt government unit
○ Provincial Government
○ Why?
- Indulto De Comercio - taxes from
smallest to biggest business.
- Buying people’s products at lowers
price (90% deduction for alcalde
mayor/provincial government)
● Educational System
○ Collegio De San Juan de
Letran - the only official
Secondary School for boys.
High school - 2 years
Elementary - 2-3 years
● Secondary Education for girls in
Manila
1. Santa Isabel
2. La Concordia
3. Santa Rosa
4. Asilo de Lookan
5. Santa Catalina
● University of Santo Tomas
○ Oldest university in Asia
○ Only university level in
Manila
● Theological Seminarios were
established.
1. Manila
2. Cebu
3. Jaro (Ilo-ilo)
4. Nueva Cesares (Naga)
5. Nueva Segovia (Vigan)
● Educational Issues
○ Overemphasis of religion.
○ Limited and irrelevant
curriculum.
○ Obsolete classroom
facilities.
○ Absence of academic
freedom. (Bias - they will
always fail Filipino students
as outcasts)
Fe Dela Cruz - invented incubator.