Life and Work of Rizal
Reviewer
Prepared by: ALIATABS
CHAPTER 1: Understanding the Law and
Rizal’s Birth and Early Education
Republic Act No. 1425
This is also known as The Rizal Law and enacted
on June 12, 1956
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: REPUBLIC
ACT 1425
● Senator Claro M. Recto is the author of the
Rizal Bill, also known as Senate Bill 438.
The bill mandates that all private and public
schools, colleges, and universities
include the life, works, and writings of Jose
Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines,
in their curricula.
● Senator Jose B. Laurel Sr., who was then the
Chairman of the Committee on Education,
sponsored the bill after Senator Recto introduced it
to the Senate, which resulted in debate from
Congress.
The bill was headedly opposed by three senators.
1. Senator Francisco Rodrigo who was a former
Catholic Action President
2. Senator Mariano Cuenco
3. Senator Decoroso Rosales who was the brother of
Julio Rosales, an archbishop
-Other oppositors were from Lower House
1. Congressman Ramon Durano
2. Marciano Lim
3. Jose Nuguid
4. Manuel Soza
5. Godofredo Ramos
6. Miguel Cuenco
7. Lucas Paredes
8. Congressmen Carmen Consing
9. Tecia San Andres Ziga
● The Holy Name Society of the Philippines,
Catholic Action of the Philippines, the
Legion of Mary, the Knights of Columbus, and
the Daughters of Isabela took part alongside the
church in opposition to Rizal Bill.
● The Catholic Bishops Conference of the
Philippines (CBCP) submitted a pastoral
letter stating that Rizal violated Canon Law 1399,
which forbids or bans books that attack or ridicule
the catholic doctrine and practices, in response to
opposition claims that the bill would violate
freedom of conscience and religion.
● The bill's sole goal, according to Recto and
Laurel, is to perpetuate the memory of the
Professor:
national hero in every Filipino's consciousness, to
evoke Rizal as he peacefully battled
for independence, and is not to offend anyone's
religious beliefs.
● Due to apparently never-ending debate on the
Rizal Bill, approved amendments were
formulated through ideas of three senators.
1. Senator Laurel' proposed an amendment to the
original bill in which, in addition to Noli Me
Tangere and El Filibusterismo, works written by
Rizal and written by others about Rizal would be
included, and reading of the uncensored revisions of
the two novels would no longer be compulsory at
the elementary and secondary levels, but strictly
enforced at the college level.
2. Senator Lim proposed an exception for students
who believe that reading
Rizal's works may harm their religion.
3. Senator Primicias added an amendment that
establishes the rules and regulations for obtaining
an exemption only from reading the two novels by
written statement or affidavit and not from taking
the Rizal Course.
● After the revised amendments, the bill was finally
passed on May 17, 1956
● Signed into law as Republic Act 1425 by
President Ramon Magsaysay on June 12 of the
same year
Context of Jose Rizal Law – Republic Act
1425
Important Points:
● There is a need for a re-dedication to the ideals of
freedom and nationalism for which
our heroes lived and died
● In honoring our national heroes, we remember
with special fondness and devotion
their lives and works that have shaped the national
character;
● The life, works, and writing of Jose Rizal are a
constant and inspiring source of
patriotism with which the minds of the youth should
be suffused
● All educational institutions are under the
supervision of and subject to regulation by
the State, and all schools are enjoined to develop
moral character, personal discipline,
civic conscience and to teach the duties of
citizenship.
Life and Work of Rizal
Reviewer
Prepared by: ALIATABS
Sections:
➢ SECTION 1. Courses on the life, works, and
writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his
novel Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, shall
be included in the curricula of all
schools, colleges, and universities, public or private:
Provided, That in the collegiate
courses, the original or unexpurgated editions of the
Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo or their English translation shall be
used as basic texts.
➢ SECTION 2. It shall be obligatory for all
schools, colleges, and universities to keep
in their libraries an adequate number of copies of
the original and unexpurgated editions of the Noli
Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, as well as of
Rizal’s other works and biography. The said
unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and
El Filibusterismo or their translations in English, as
well as other writings of Rizal, shall be included in
the list of approved books for required reading in all
public or private schools, colleges, and universities.
➢ SECTION 3. The Board of National Education
shall cause the translation of the Noli Me Tangere
and El Filibusterismo, as well as other writings of
Jose Rizal into English, Tagalog, and the principal
Philippine dialects; cause them to be printed in
cheap, popular editions; and cause them to be
distributed, free of charge, to persons desiring to
read them, through the Purok organizations and
Barrio Councils throughout the country.
➢ SECTION 4. Nothing in this Act shall be
construed as amendment or repealing section nine
hundred twenty-seven of the Administrative Code,
prohibiting the discussion of religious doctrines by
public school teachers and other person engaged in
any public school.
➢ SECTION 5. The sum of three hundred
thousand pesos is hereby authorized to be
appropriated out of any fund not otherwise
appropriated in the National Treasury to carry out
the purposes of this Act.
➢ SECTION 6. This Act shall take effect upon its
approval.
○ Approved: June 12, 1956
○ Published in the Official Gazette, Vol. 52, No. 6,
p. 2971 in June 1956.
Professor:
Significance of Republic Act 1425
The following are the significance of the Rizal Law
or the Republic Act 1425:
1. It Awakens Nationalism
- The law will assist them in understanding the
greatness of our national hero. It
will instill patriotism in everyone, forging a strong
bond between people and
country.
2. It Honor Rizal's Sacrifices
- The law will walk us through all his major battles
in life. Thus, we will appreciate his patriotic efforts.
3. It Guide Filipino Youth
- His life is a good representation of the real world
in which we live. It will expose the youth to the
harsh realities of the world, preparing them for their
own journeys.
4. It give us in-depth information about our
history
- Our future is heavily influenced by history. It is
critical that every Filipino, especially the youth,
learn about our history.
5. It provides insights to deal with current
problems.
- It is packed with historical information that can
help us better understand
ourselves as Filipinos.
Importance of Studying Rizal as a course
1. It is mandated by the Law.
2. It provides various essential life lessons.
3. It helps us understand ourselves better as
Filipinos.
4. It provides insight on how to deal with current
problems.
5. To foster the development of the Filipino youth
in all aspects of citizenship.
6. It teaches nationalism and patriotism
7. It helps in developing logical and critical
thinking.
8. You’ll get to know Rizal better and other heroes
of the Philippines.
Life and Work of Rizal
Reviewer
Prepared by: ALIATABS
Rizal's Childhood
Family and Ancestry
The Rizal family was a prominent and large family
in their time. Their ancestor, Domingo
Lam-co, was a Chinese immigrant who came to the
Philippines in the late 17th century and
married Ines de la Rosa, who had Chinese heritage.
Jose Rizal came from a family of thirteen members,
including his parents, Francisco Mercado
I and Teodora Alonso Rizal, nine sisters, and one
brother.
Francisco Mercado Rizal, born in Binan, Laguna in
1818, studied Latin and Philosophy in
Manila. He became a successful tenant farmer and
one of the wealthiest people in Calamba.
He was known for his hard work, and
independence, and even had a private library and a
carriage. The name "Francisco" was highly
respected in Laguna due to a famous sea captain.
Teodora Alonso Y Realonda, born in Manila in
1826, was well-educated and managed the
family store.
They had eleven children, including two boys and
nine girls, each with their own nicknames
and stories.
1. Saturnina (1859-1913): The eldest child,
affectionately known as "Neneng," was
married to Manuel T. Hidalgo. She published the
first tagalog/filipino version of Noli
Me Tangere.
2. Paciano (1851-1930): As the second child and
Rizal's elder brother, he played a
pivotal role in convincing Rizal to embark on his
European studies without parental
consent. Subsequently, he actively participated in
the Philippine Revolution, attaining
the rank of combat general. Paciano's life spanned
79 years.
3. Narcisa (1852-1939): The third child,
affectionately called "Sisa," entered matrimony
with Antonio Lopez. Following Jose Rizal's
execution in 1896, a pivotal moment in
Philippine history, Narcisa Rizal shouldered the
weight of preserving her brother's
legacy. Stepping into a new role, she took charge of
managing his estate and affairs,
embodying her unwavering commitment to his
ideals.
4. Olympia (1855-1887): The fourth child, bearing
the nickname "Ypia," exchanged
vows with Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph operator
from Manila. The couple was
blessed with five children before the tragic event of
Olympia passing away during
childbirth in 1887.
5. Lucia (1857-1919): In her marital union with
Mariano, a nephew of Father Consanas,
Lucia faced an untimely demise due to cholera. Her
familial connection to Jose Rizal
resulted in the denial of Christian burial.
6. Maria (1859-1945): Known affectionately as
"Biang," she united in matrimony with
Daniel Faustino Cruz, hailing from Binan, Laguna.
Professor:
The couple's life together brought
forth five children.
7. Jose (1861-1896): The seventh child of the
family, Jose Rizal “Pepe”, emerged as the
greatest Filipino hero and an unparalleled genius.
He garnered recognition as the
National Hero of the Philippines. Jose was engaged
in a common-law relationship
with Josephine Bracken, an Irish girl from Hong
Kong, leading to the birth of a son.
Sadly, the infant passed away shortly after birth,
with Rizal naming him Francisco in
honor of his father.
8. Concepcion (1862-1865): Commonly referred to
as "Concha," she encountered a
tragic fate, passing away at the tender age of three.
This marked the initial experience
of sorrow in Jose Rizal's life.
9. Josefa (1865-1945): Affectionately known as
"Panggoy," she lived a spinster life and
struggled with epilepsy, eventually reaching the age
of 80. 1st handicapped to join
Philippine revolution.
10. Trinidad (1868-1952): Referred to fondly as
"Trining," she remained unmarried and
marked the final family member to pass away.
11. Soledad (1870-1929): As the youngest child,
she bore the nickname "Choleng" and
entered wedlock with Pantaleon Quintero of
Calamba, with whom she was blessed
with five children.
Jose Rizal was born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba.
He was baptized on June 22, 1861. His
full name was Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Y
Alonzo Realonda, with each part of his name
having special meanings. He loved his little sister
Concepcion, who died when she was three,
which was his first experience with grief.
 Life and Work of Rizal
Reviewer
Prepared by: ALIATABS Professor:

Early Education ❖ The poem was entitled “Sa Aking Mga Kababata”
Teodora Alfonso Realonda (To My Fellow Children), which
● Rizal's mother became his first teacher. showed that Rizal, even at a young age, already had a
● During 1865-1867, she taught Rizal how to read love for his country.
and write. After Rizal’s tutor Leon Monroy died, his parents
● At the age of three (3), Rizal mastered and learned decided to transfer Rizal to a private school
the alphabet because of her. in Biñan, Laguna.
❖ At a very young age, Rizal has shown great Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz
interest in reading. ● Supervisor of the school.
❖ At this time, he also learned how to pray and read Pedro
● The son of the maestro.
the bible.
● One of Rizal’s classmates who was always
When Jose Rizal grew older, his parents acquired
bullying him eventually resulted in a
private tutors to give him lessons at home
brawl.
in preparation for his formal education.
But knowing Rizal’s acquired knowledge and skill in
Leon Monroy
the art of wrestling from his Tio
● A classmate of Rizal's father.
Manuel, he defeated Pedro. After the incident, Rizal
● He taught Rizal the rudiments of Latin.
became famous in his class.
Uncle Manuel Alberto
● Rizal was able to show his intellectual superiority.
● He is Rizal’s Mother's Cousin who frequently
● He excelled in his classes in Latin, Spanish, and
visited his family in Calamba.
other subjects in the curriculum for
● He taught Rizal to develop skills in swimming,
elementary pupils.
fencing, wrestling, and other sports.
● Rizal’s interest in painting was nurtured early on
Uncle Jose
by an old painter named Juancho of
● He taught Rizal to love and admire the beauty of
Biñan.
nature.
● During this time, knowledge was taught in the
Uncle Gregorio
minds of the students by doing tedious
● A scholar
memorization methods.
● He has instilled in Rizal’s mind the love for
education and its importance, the value of
hard work, to think for himself, and to observe his
surroundings carefully.
When he was four years old, his sister Concepcion,
the eighth child in the Rizal family, died
at the age of three. This was the first time he cried as
a young boy.
Father Leoncio Lopez
● Parish Priest of Calamba
● He helped Rizal understand the philosophy of life
and learned the value of scholarship
and intellectual honesty.
Doña Teodora
● Because of her, Rizal was persuaded to express his
feelings through verses.
❖ At the age of eight years old, he was able to write
his first poem.
 Life and Work of Rizal
Reviewer
Prepared by: ALIATABS
Rizal's Life
Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda
On June 19, 1861, Jose Rizal was born in Calamba,
Laguna.
- Teodora Alonzo y Quintos is his mother, and Francisco
Mercado Rizal y Alejandro is his father.
He was born with a small size, which became his
trademark throughout his whole life.
Rizal was of mixed descent.
- His Chinese immigrant ancestor added the name
Mercado, with the name “Rizal” was of a then
more recent vintage. In 1849 Governor-General Narciso
Claveria ordered that all Filipinos select
a surname from a list.
- Don Francisco chose the name, “Rizal”. The original
form was Ricial, which means “growing
again” and refers to new growth in the fields.
Rizal's Childhood
- He learned almost without the use of books. His mother
was the one who laid the foundation of
his great knowledge achieved in such a short time.
- Rizal learned his letters at the age of three, after insisting
that he be taught to read and share the
lessons learned by his elder sister.
HIGHER EDUCATION
ATENEO
Rizal entered in 1872
● Under the Jesuit System of Education
● Ateneo Municipal- a college under the supervision of
the Spanish Jesuits
● Escuela Pia (Charity School)- formerly name of
Ateneo, a school for poor boys in Manila
● which was established by the city government in 1817
● June 10, 1872- Rizal accompanied by Paciano went to
Manila
● Father Magin Ferrando- was the college registrar,
refused to admit Rizal in Ateneo for two
reasons Scholastic Triumphs at Ateneo de Manila (1872-
1877)
Scholastic Triumphs at Ateneo de Manila (1872-1877)
· Manuel Xerez Burgos-because of his intercession,
nephew of Father Burgos, Rizal was reluctantly
admitted at the Ateneo
· Jose was the first of his family to adopt the surname
“Rizal”. He registered under this name at Ateneo
because their family name “Mercado” had come under the
suspicion of the Spanish authorities
Rizal was first boarded in a house outside Intramuros, on
Caraballo Street. This was owned by a
Professor:
spinster named Titay who owed the Rizal family the
amount of 300 pesos
· To improve his Spanish Rizal took private lessons in
Santa Isabel College
RIZAL’S FIRST YEAR IN ATENEO(1872-1873)
• June 1872, his first day of class in the Ateneo
• Rizal's first heard a mass at the college chapel
• Fr. Jose Bech, Rizal's first professor in the Ateneo
SECOND YEAR IN ATENEO (1873-1874)
• Rizal repented having neglected his studies the previous
year simply;
• To regain his lost class leadership
• He became "emperor" At the end of the school year,
• Rizal received excellent grades in all subjects and a gold
medal.
THIRD YEAR IN ATENEO (1874-1875)
• Rizal did not make an excellent showing in his studies as
in the previous year
• His grades remained excellent in all subjects, but he won
only one medal, in Latin
• He failed to win the medal in Spanish
FOURTH YEAR IN ATENEO (1875-1876)
• On June 16, 1875, Rizal became an interno
• Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez, one of his professors
this time and a great educator and scholar. He
inspired the young Rizal to study harder and to write
poetry
• On his part, Rizal had the highest affection and respect
for Father Sanchez, whom he considered his
best professor in the Ateneo
• Rizal topped all his classmates in all subjects and won in
the Ateneo five medals at the end of the
school term.
LAST YEAR IN ATENEO (1876-1877)
• His studies continued to fare well. As a matter-of-fact,
he excelled in all subjects
• Rizal was the most brilliant Atenean of his time, he was
truly "the pride of the Jesuits".
• Rizal finished his last year at the Ateneo in a blaze of
glory.
• He obtained the highest grades in all subjects -
philosophy, physics, biology, chemistry, languages,
mineralogy, etc.
• Rizal graduated with Highest Honor
• He graduated on March 23, 1877(16 years old)
UST
Rizal entered in 1877
● After completing his Bachiller en Artes at the Ateneo
Municipal, Jose Rizal was now qualified for
advanced education at a university.
 Life and Work of Rizal
Reviewer
Prepared by: ALIATABS
● Rizal xzstarted his freshman year at UST when he was
16 years old.
RIZAL’S FIRST YEAR IN UST(1877-1878)
● Took up Philosophy and Letters
● It was very much what his father would have desired
for him.
● He had neglected to seek the advice of Ateneo’s rector,
Father Ramon Pablo.
RIZAL’S REPORT CARD IN HIS FIRST YEAR IN
UST, PHILOSOPHY AND LETTERS
(1877-1878)
Life and Travels Abroad
First Travel Abroad (1882-1887)
• After finishing his medical course at the University of
Santo Tomas (UST).
• Jose Rizal then decided to go to Spain mainly for two
reason/.p’;1s:
> To finish his medical specialization.
> To do his "secret mission" in preparation for his fight in
the Philippines.
• Jose Mercado - name he used
• Antonio Rivera - His uncle who assists him
Philippines to Singapore (May 3-11, 1882)
• He boarded the ship Salvadora bound for Singapore.
• Captain Donato Lecha defined Jose as a refined man.
• May 9, 1882 - his arrival in Singapore
• Hotel de la Paz - the hotel where he stayed
• May 11, 1882 - he left Singapore, then boarded the ship
Djemnah.
Singapore to Ceylon (May 11 - 17, 1882)
• Djemnah reached Point Galle, a seaport town in
southern Ceylon.
• He defined Point Galle as a picturesque but lonely town.
• Went to Colombo to get sreferences for learning the
French language.
• He defined Colombo as an elegant town compared to
Manila.
Ceylon to Italy (May 17 - June 11, 1882)
• The first time he saw camels in Aden.
• They traveled in the Suez Canal, a route from Asia to
Europe then docked in Port Said.
• Arrived in Naples, Italy, which according to Jose was a
panoramic beauty.
Italy to France (June 11 - June 12, 1882)
• Djemnah then docked at the port in the city of
Marseilles.
• Chateau D'if. - a famous landmark in the Count of
Monte Cristo.
• May 5, 1882 - He left Marseilles in the afternoon by
train and traveled to Barcelona.
Professor:
• June 16, 1882 - his arrival in Barcelona
• His first impression of the city was that it was
unfavorable.
• Diariong Tagalog - the article he created, which were
Amor Patria and Los Viajes using the pen
name Laong Laan.
• According to his brother Paciano - Manila was
ravaged by cholera
• Jose was disheartened also because of the letter sent by
Leonor Rivera.
• Fall of 1882, Jose left Barcelona for Madrid.
Experiences in Madrid
• Pursued his medical course and also finished the course
which was decided by his father.
• Jose's only vice was lottery in every lottery in Madrid.
• Attending Ilustrados in Madrid and reading.
• Gymnasium - shooting and fencing.
• He was then acquainted in the fraternal group of
illustrados in Madrid, Circulo Hispano -
Filipino.
• New Year's Eve of 1882 - Mi Piden Versus he
declaimed a poem.
• Purchase books like Uncle Tom's Cabin (Beecher
Stowe) and The Wandering Jew (Eugene Sue).
First Visit in Paris (1883)
Paris - visited, during their summer vacation in Madrid.
• According to Rizal, everything in Paris was so
expensive that he called Paris the "costliest city
in the world."
• Laennec Hospital - where he observed Dr. Nicaise
treating patients.
• Joined a masonic lodge. Acacia in which he later
became a master mason in 1890.
• He joined the masonic lodge to secure their aid against
his fight with the Spanish.
• Calamba was infested with pests. Hacienderos
increased their taxes and parasites.
The Return of Rizal in Madrid
• June 21, 1884 - He earned the Licentiate in Medicine.
• June 24, 1884 - A saddening and brokening event
happened, that he cannot afford to buy
breakfast.
• Greek Language Contest - attended and won a gold
medal.
• June 25, 1884 - Double Victory Filipinos achieved in
Madrid: Luna's Spoliarium (1st place) and
Hidalgo's Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho
(2nd place).
• November 20-22, 1884 - A bloody riot in Madrid
exploded by the students of Universidad
 Life and Work of Rizal
Reviewer
Prepared by: ALIATABS
Central.
• November 26, 1884 - Jose sent a letter about the riot
that happened in Madrid explaining it
detail by detail.
• June 19, 1885 - Finished his Philosophy and Letters as a
Sobresaliente.
• He was not happy aiming for his license as a Doctor
because he knew he would not be accepted
in University of Santo Tomas.
France to Germany (1885-1887)
• Paris - To practice ophthalmology.
• Maximo Viola - His best friend in Europe.
• He became an assistant ophthalmologist for Dr. Louis de
Weckert.
• He then met Juan Luna and his girlfriend Paz Pardo de
Tavera.
• In Luna's painting The Death of Cleopatra, Jose posed as
an Egyptian and posed a sandugo
depicting Sikatuna - Legazpi pact.
• He plays the piano and flute - he learned to read
solfeggio.
• Alin mang Lahi - a patriotic song written by Rizal that
asserts freedom.
• February 3, 1886 - arrived in Heidelberg, where he was
considered an excellent chess player.
• He also worked as an ophthalmologist to Dr. Otto
Becker.
• A Flores de Heidelberg - he dedicated a poem where he
was amazed with flowers growing in
Heidelberg.
Germany
• Karl Ullmer - A Protestant Pastor who was the friend of
Jose and let Jose stay in his home.
• July 31, 1886 - jose wrote his first German letter to
Professor Blumentritt, director of Ateneo of
Leitmeritz in Austria.
• August 9, 1886 - Jose left Heidelberg and arrived in
Leipzig on August 16, 1886.
• Friedrich Ratzel and Hans Meyer - friends of Jose
who were historians
• German and Swiss literary works - he translated them
and was sent to the Philippines.
• Translated fairy tales in Tagalog - for the nephew of
the historians.
• Worked as a Proofreader - in a publishing firm in
Germany.
• Dr. Feodor Jagor - an author whom he admired.
• Recognized member of - the Anthropological Society,
Ethnological Society, and Geographical
Professor:
Society of Berlin.
• Tagalische Verskunst - an article he wrote about the
Tagalog language written in German
(Icelandic) which was praised and commended by the
German community.
• Berlin - to enhance his knowledge about ophthalmology,
to observe Germany.
• Novel - he published Noli me Tangere.
• Madame Lucie Cerdole - A professor in the French
language who enhanced her knowledge of
Jose about the French language and culture.
• Unter den Linden - a famous street in Berlin where
Jose likes to hang out.
• Letter to Trinidad - Personality of German women:
diligent, serious, educated, friendly, not
gossipy, and not quarrelsome.
The Creation of Noli me Tangere
• Winter of 1886 - Jose was flat broke and he had to
pawn the diamond ring her sister. Saturnina
gave it to him.
This was memorable for two reasons: the pain of hunger
and sickness he experienced and the
creation of Noli me Tangere.
• Uncle Tom's Cabin - A novel used by Jose as a
reference for Noli me Tangere.
• January 1884 - the novel should have been written by a
group of patriotic Filipinos, but in the
end, he was the only one to finish it.
• Half of the novel was written in Paris, then a quarter of
his novel in Madrid, and the last part in
Germany.
• In Berlin - he finalized the revisions in February 1886.
• Maximo Viola - funded the publication of the novel
where 2000 copies were printed for 300
pesos.
• As a sign of gratitude - one of the original copies of the
novel and a complimentary copy.
• Jose admitted that the title. Noli me Tangere did not
originally come from him but from a Bible
verse. (John 20: 13-17).
• Dedicated the novel to his fatherland - the Philippines.
The Travels of Rizal and Viola
● May 11, 1887 - Rizal and Viola left the Berlin using an
express train
● June 23, 1887 - Jose and Maximo parted ways, Jose
went to Italy and Maximo returned to Spain.
● June 27, 1887 - He arrived in Rome, which he called
"The City of Caesar
First homecoming
 Life and Work of Rizal
Reviewer
Prepared by: ALIATABS
● July 3, 1887 - He then boarded Djemnah again after
several years.
● July 30, 1887 - He arrived in Saigon, Vietnam where
he boarded his transfer ship, Haiphong
bound for Manila.
● August 2, 1887 - The steamship left for Manila.
● August 5, 1887 - Jose arrived in Manila.
Second travel abroad (1888-1892)
● In September 1887, Jose suspended his trip to Europe
because her sister, Olympia, died of
internal bleeding due to her giving birth
● Even though his family was persecuted because of the
uproar of Noli me Tangere, his family
decided Rizal would stay in the Philippines.
● December 29, 1887 - The church ordered a prohibition
on the publication and circulation of the
Noli me Tangere.
● February 3, 1888 - After staying in the Philippines,
Jose left Manila for Hong Kong bringing
5000 pesos, earning from his medical practice.
Jose in Hong Kong (February 3, 1888 - February 22,
1888)
● With Jose Maria Basa, Jose Sainz de Veranda, and
some Portuguese, they boarded the ship Kui
Kiang.
● Jose in Japan (February 28, 1888 - April 13, 1888) -
Upon arrival, he stayed in Hotel Grande
and visited places like Yokohama and Tokyo.
Rizal in the United States of America (April 13, 1888 -
May 13, 1888)
● Leaving on April 13, 1888, Jose was saddened knowing
O Sei-san was left behind.
● He boarded the ship Belgic and arrived in the United
States on April 28, 1888.
● May 13, 1888 - He arrived in New York which he
called as the "Big Town"
Rizal in England
● In May 1888 Jose arrived in England.
● On May 25, 1888, Jose traveled to London, where he
became a border of the Becket where
Gertrude Beckett fell in love.
● Reinhold Forst, a librarian of the Ministry of Affairs
was impressed by Rizal’s work, hailing him
as the "Pearl of Man"
Rizal's Annotation of Morga’s Book
● Considered as one of the greatest achievements of Jose
Rizal done in England
● It helped the Filipinos understand more the motives of
the Spanish colonizing different places.
A short visit in Paris and Spain
Professor:
● He visited Paris to get some references in the
Bibliotheque Nationale.
He then traveled to Spain and there he met the
superpowers of propaganda, Marcelo H. Del Pilar
and Mariano Ponce.
Return in London
● Jose celebrated Christmas Day alone in London.
● Blumentritt and Carlos Czepelak gave Jose a bust of
Emperor Augustus and Julius Caesar.
● Jose was born to be leader, by unanimous decision, he
was chosen as the honorary president of
Asociación La Solidaridad.
● La Solidaridad - a patriotic newspaper founded by
Gerciano Lopez Jaena on February 18, 1889,
in Barcelona, Spain which aims to:
● To work peacefully for political and social reforms
● To show the condition of the Philippines so Spain may
remedy them.
● To oppose the evil forces in the Philippines
● To advocate liberal ideas and progress
● To prioritize Filipino life and happiness
Writings of Rizal in London
● La Vision del Fray Rodriguez- writing of Jose in which
he discussed his newfound meaning of
religion and his satirical comments.
● Dimas Alang
● Letter to the Young Women of Malolos - Jose praised
the bravery of the women of Malolos
● Jose left London to pursue his mission on March 19,
1889.
Jose's return to Paris
● Upon arrival in Paris, Jose was disappointed because
landlords in Paris were taking advantage of
the rent because of the festivities
● The Philippines within a Century – He discussed the
glory of the Filipino race and how the
Spanish destroyed it.
● The Indolence of Filipino- Jose discussed the lack of
enthusiasm of Filipunos and the reasons
behind it.
Works in Brussels
This is where Jose Rizal started writing his second most
famous novel, El Filibusterismo
(September 18, 1891)
● Rizal adapted every article written in German and
Translated it into Spanish and Tagalog.
● One night, he dreamed he was not able to reach the age
of 30.
● Laong Laan (always ready)
Second Homecoming (1892)
 Life and Work of Rizal
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● He decided to return to the Philippines because he was Rizal in Fuerza de Santiago before transferring him into
persecuted and tortured by the Spanish exile in Dapitan.
government. The Arrest of Rizal
● He went to Madrid spending alone in the winter ● The alleged encounter between Rizal and Despujol on
carrying all his problems. July 7, 1892, actually resulted in Rizal's
● He then publicly challenged Wenceslao Retana in a imprisonment. He was held in Fort Santiago until July
duel and his blood is the payment for his 14, 1892.
insolence. ● Rizal was undetectable and carried with the utmost
● December 1890- Rizal received a letter from Leonor secrecy onboard the ship Cebu destined for
Rivera. Zamboanga on July 15, 1892.
● June 26, 1892 - Rizal arrived in Manila together with Exile to Dapitan
Lucia. ● Rizal traveled to Mindanao garrison on the ship Cebu
● He then attended a meeting of Chinese Mestizos in with two military guards, a sergeant, a
Tondo, Manila which aimed in the creation of corporal, and Spanish troops.
La Liga Filipina. ● He was given to Captain Ricardo Carcinero upon
Language learned by Jose Rizal arrival at Dapitan.
● Hebrew ● Pablo Pastells states that Rizal offered the chance of
● Filipino staying in a convent under certain
● Ilokano conditions, but he rejected the offer and remained under
● Bisayan Captain Carnicero's care instead.
● Subanon Life in Dapitan (1892 – 1896)
● Chinese ● He stayed at Captain Ricardo Carcinero's residence.
● Catalan ● Rizal and Carcinero became friends, which is why
● German Rizal often praised the captain in his writings.
● Arabic ● In Dapitan, Rizal continued to create paintings,
● Malay sculptures, and poetry.
● Sanskrit ● He established his own clinic, became well-known in
● Dutch Dapitan as a physician, and made
● Nihonggo improvements to the park that Engineer Cameron
● Portuguese originally conserved.
● Chavacano Rizal emphasized education and established schools for
● Swedish underprivileged Filipinos between 1893
● Russian and 1896.
Second arrival in the Philippines ● Teodora Alonso presented Rizal a poem titled Mi
● He arrived in the Philippines with his sister, Lucia on Retiro (My Retreat), on October 22, 1895
June 26, 1892 ● Leonor River, the childhood sweetheart of Rizal died
● His purpose in going back to the Philippines was: on August 28, 1893, She was healed by the
○ Borneo Colonization Project arrival of Josephine Bracken who tried to heal her when
○ Establish a Civic Organization she arrived in the Philippines.
○ To stop the persecution of his family and fellowmen ● March 1895 – She accompanied his stepfather, George
● On the afternoon of his arrival, he requested to have a Taufer to have his eyes operated on.
discussion with Governor-general Eulogio ● Rizal's last love was Josephine Bracken, with whom he
Despujol. intended to wed, but the Catholic church
● Despujol reconsidered his choice on July 6, 1892, and objected since Rizal was a Mason.
asked whether he would go back to Hong The Katipunan
Kong. He also went through the baggage and discovered a ● Upon the exile of Rizal, two organizations were
pamphlet named "Pobres Frailes." created:
● Despujol acquired suspicions about the pamphlets, and ○ Cuerpo de Compromisarios
as a result, he made the decision to put ○ Katipunan
Rizal’s Last Travel
 Life and Work of Rizal
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● July 31, 1896 – Rizal traveled to Manila together with
Narcisa, Josephine, and some nephews
according to the order of Governor-general Blanco.
● August 6, 1896 – Jose Rizal was bound for Spain but
the ship left.
● August 19, 1896 – Katipunan was discovered.
● August 23, 1896 – Rizal left Manila bound for
Singapore aboard the ship Isla de Panay.
● Pedro Roxas urged Rizal to stay in Singapore to plan
for the revolution but he refused.
● September 30, 1896 – Rizal was imprisoned in the
ship.
● October 6, 1896 – Rizal was imprisoned in Montjuic.
● November 3, 1896 – aboard the ship SS Colon, Rizal
arrived in Manila and was imprisoned in
Fort Santiago.
Rizal's Life: Exile, Trial and Death
> The factors that led to Rizal's executions
The Factors that led to Rizal’s Execution
● December 6, 1896, was the trial of Dr. Jose Rizal by a
Spanish military court for sedition,
rebellion, and conspiracy began. This leads to his
execution and martyrdom.
● December 8, 1896 - Rizal was informed that his
arraignment was set on December 11, 1896.
Rizal pleaded not guilty to the crime charges against him.
● Rizal, who was imprisoned first in Barcelona and later
in Fort Santiago, was implicated in the
revolution which was launched in August 1896 by the
Katipunan led by Andres Bonifacio, whose
aim was to liberate the country from Spanish colonization.
The trial commenced on December
19, 1896, for prosecution.
● At the time of his arrest, Rizal was supposed to leave
for Cuba after he was allowed by Spanish
Governor-General Ramon Blanco, to serve as a military
surgeon in Cuba, where there was also a
revolution against Spain.
● Earlier, Rizal was already considered as an enemy of
the state by the Spanish authorities with the
publication of his two great novels Noli Me Tangere and
El Filibusterismo.
● Rizal was executed on December 30, 1896, in
Bagumbayan (Luneta), which has been renamed
Rizal Park in his memory.
The Trial of Dr. Jose Rizal
The Spanish colonial government accused Rizal of three
crimes:
Professor:
a. The founding of La Liga Filipina, an "illegal
organization" whose single aim was to "Perpetrate
the crime of rebellion".
b. Rebellion which he promoted through his previous
activities.
c. Illegal association
The penalty for those accusations is life imprisonment to
death and correctional imprisonment and a
charge of 325 to 3,250 Pesetas.
The prosecution drew information from the dossier on
Rizal which detailed his ”subversive activities"
some of which are the following:
1. The writing and publication of "Noli me Tangere", the
Annotations to Morga’s History of the
Philippines, "El Filibusterismo", and the various articles
which criticized the friars and suggested
their expulsion in order to win independence.
2. The El Filibusterismo was dedicated to the three
martyr priests who were executed as traitors to
the Fatherland in 1872 because they were the moving
spirit of the uprising of that year.
3. The establishment of masonic lodges which became
the propaganda and fundraising center to
support subversive activities and the establishment of
centers in Madrid, Hong Kong, and Manila
to propagate his ideas.
Two kinds of Evidence Endorsed by Colonel
Olive to Governor Ramon Blanco:
1. Documentary: fifteen exhibits
2. Testimonial: Provided by Martin Constantino, Aguedo
del Rosario, Jose Reyes, Moises Salvador, Jose
Dizon, Domingo Franco, Deodato Arellano, Pio
Valenzuela, Antonio Salazar, Francisco Quison, and
Timoteo Paez.
Judge Rafael Dominguez's advocate was assigned with
the task of deciding what the corresponding action
should be done. After a brief Review transmitted the
records to Don Nicolas de la Pena.
Pena’s recommendations were as follows:
1. Rizal must be immediately sent to trial.
2. He must be held in prison under necessary security
3. His properties must be issued with an order of
attachment and as indemnity, Rizal had to pay one
million pesos instead of a civilian lawyer, only an army
officer is allowed to defend Rizal.
Rizal’s Execution
● The significance of martyrdoms - Martyrs are people
who suffer significantly or are killed for
 Life and Work of Rizal
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Prepared by: ALIATABS Professor:

their convictions. freedom.

● Rizal as a martyr - The execution of Dr. Jose Rizal was ● Rizal's ideas and bravery kept inspiring Filipinos for
a historically significant event. His death generations.
resulted in social reform and revolution in the Philippines, ● His legacy is still important in Philippine history and
making him a martyr. culture.
● False accusation and show trial - He was falsely
accused of being allied in Katipunan
● Final moments and Execution of Rizal - He was
executed by firing squad in Manila on December
30, 1896, at the age of 35
● Burial and Legacy - Rizal's burial was initially
unmarked, and the papers he hid on his person
disintegrated. His family later identified his grave and
marked it with his initials. A damaged
section of his vertebrae is on display in the Rizal Shrine in
Fort Santiago, Manila.
● Role of Rizal - His prose work not only contributed to
his death, but it also played an important
role in undermining Spain's grip over the Philippines.
● Independence - Spain lost control of the Philippines two
years after Rizal's death, but full
independence was not granted until 1946.
● Quotes - “One only dies once, and if one does not die
well, a good opportunity is lost and will not
present itself again.” José Rizal
- “He who does not know how to look back at where he
came from will never get to his
destination.” José Rizal
The effects of Rizal's executions on Spanish
Colonial rule and the Philippine
Revolution
Effects on Spanish Colonial Rule
● His execution created more opposition to Spanish rule.
● The Philippine independence struggle turned more
violent.
● A Spanish-Filipino peace pact was signed in Hong
Kong in December 1897.
● Aguinaldo issued a declaration of independence on
June 12, 1898.
Effects on the Philippine Revolution
● He represented the people's hope for independence
from Spanish domination.
● Filipinos were inspired to rebel against the Spanish
after Rizal's death.
● The revolutionary groups became more active and
organized and had radical leaders
● Andres Bonifacio emerged as a key leader who wanted
to use force.
● Captured global attention, prompting international
discussions about the Philippines' struggle for