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Abstract
Starting from the 1990’s and with the advent of the video-film in Nigeria, live theatre
has suffered a near extinction on the nation’s theatrical stage. The reasons adduced
to this are myriad, but one that is without controversy is that it is not economical to
invest in live stage performance because of the lack of ready audience. Ironically
while that of the live theatre is dwindling, there is audience for other entertainment
events like musical concerts, comedy and variety shows, festivals, corporate branding
theatrical events. This paper seeks to draw attention to the ever-growing need of
events and artistes management courses in the Nigerian academic theatre curriculum.
In order for the theatre to remain relevant in an age of information communication
technology and ‘star branded’ entertainment performances, there is need for
repackaging the theatre curriculum to accommodate the management and
organisation of theatrical events for the yearning audience. This is a concept known
as ‘mastering the art of show business’. The theatre must train events’ managers to
handle the packaging, audience sourcing, crowd control, events venue management
and relevant publicity gimmick necessary for a successful production. The theatre is
an event that can be economically viable, as well as make available jobs for teeming
graduates of the profession if handled by a well-trained Events Manager.
Introduction
Starting from the 1990‟s and with the advent of the video-film in Nigeria, live
theatre has suffered a near extinction on the nation‟s theatrical stage. The
reasons adduced to this are myriad, but one that is without controversy is that it
is not economical to invest in live stage performance because of the lack of
ready audience. Ironically while live theatre audience is dwindling, there is
audience for other entertainment events like musical concerts, comedy and
variety shows, festivals, and corporate branding theatrical events.
In order for the theatre to remain relevant in an age of information
communication technology and „star branded‟ entertainment performances,
there is need for repackaging the theatre curriculum to accommodate the
management and organisation of theatrical events for the yearning audience.
This is a concept known as „mastering the art of show business‟. The theatre
must train events managers to handle the packaging, audience sourcing, crowd
control, theatrical venue and relevant publicity gimmick necessary for a
successful production. The theatre is an event that can be economically viable,
as well as make available jobs for teeming graduates of the profession if
handled by a well-trained Events Manager. Attention must be drawn to the
ever-growing need of events and artistes management courses in the Nigerian
academic theatre curriculum.
130 ‘Rantimi – Theatre Arts Curriculum and Events Management
This paper is not pretending to teach theatre scholars a novel idea, but
rather it aims to reawaken their consciousness towards that which they have
neglected. While it is normal parlance in the theatre to do business with
theatrical productions, making profit with it is another issue in itself. To
reiterate the words of Chris Nwamuo (2007) “It will be a grievous mistake for
one to think that because one is in the arts business, one is removed from the
realities of existence in a world governed by the matrix of demand and supply,
selling one‟s product in order to survive” (35). This paper concerns itself with
the pragmatic approach to the subject of theatre. The Nigerian theatre arts
curriculum is at present too rigid because any adjustment to it must receive the
approval of the school senate and the National University Commission.
However there is room in it to allow for the theatre management students to
embark on industrial attachment to existing performance/production
organisations within the country. New theatre arts curriculum should be
designed in a format that will allow for the acceptability of new innovations in
order for it to continue being relevant in every age. Chris Nwamuo argues that
for theatre to survive it must either be well supported by the government
immediately or the organisations must go commercial (34). This writer is not
unmindful of the fact that paying undue emphasis on commercialization of the
theatre can breed its own negative development; nevertheless it will portray the
profession as one that is viable commercially.
Though many theatre arts graduates‟ are already relying on their talents
in order to survive the harsh economic reality outside the higher institutions,
however there is need to effectively utilize the many spaces available in the
country for economic gain. The thrust of this paper is to raise awareness on
how theatre students‟ of this age can sustain their living through well-
packaged, well-marketed, and well-managed theatrical and other entertainment
productions. Theatre is marketable only when the practitioners consider it from
the business point of view. The management and marketing of the theatre is
undergoing changes in the face of capitalism and financial survivalism.
Today‟s theatre practitioners have to study those factors that accounted for the
success of Hubert Ogunde, Kola Ogunmola, and Moses Olaiya Adejumo‟s
theatres, before the era of the cinema in Nigeria. Ebun Clark, and other
historians of African theatre considers Hubert Ogunde a “thoroughly
professional, secular theatre artiste” (Kerr 84). Ogunde started his theatre in
1944 as a professional organisation. This was also the case with Ogunmola,
Duro Ladipo and Olaiya Adejumo. Although, these theatre groups were
itinerant in nature, yet they attained success and prominence through effective
management system.
economic emancipation.
The theatre curriculum must be designed to incorporate elements
of dynamism as pertaining to dealing with social and economic realities
as evidenced in the society. The curriculum must be tailored towards
empowering the graduates of the discipline to achieve economic
independence. The Ibadan theatre curriculum has served as a model for
almost all other theatre curriculums in Nigerian Universities; this is
because, apart from the university being the first in the country, the
theatre arts department is the first of its kind in the whole Africa.
Despite its position, it has had to undergo modifications on few
occasions to accommodate new trends in the industry. While this is not a
negative idea, one should be mindful of the shortcoming that such a
curriculum will encounter in a changing economy. The ideology of art-
for-art-sake is not popular with this generation of artistes; rather it is arts
for sustainability. The question concerning the curriculum meeting the
expectation of scholars, demands of the industry, and accommodating
enough indigenous courses is another issue entirely. It is a fact that the
situation of the Nigeria‟s economy in 1970‟s is not the same in the
twenty-first century. While the economy was gravitating towards
itinerants and academic theatre artistes in the 1970‟s, an era of oil boom,
the reverse is the case at present, especially with the Structural
Adjustment Programme (SAP) of the late 1980s and Global Economic
Meltdown of 2009.
Many Nigerian theatre scholars postulated different theories as to
why there is a decline in patronage of stage theatre. Obafemi posits,
“The Yoruba travelling theatre has retreated somewhat from the roads
and the stage to appear on television and cinema screens” (265). To
Ekwuazi, television and film are guilty of edging the stage performances
from “some indeterminate position at the periphery of the centre towards
the very periphery of the Nigerian society” (162). Scholars like Lanrele
Bamidele (1992; 1993) and Okome (1993) shares Ekwuazi‟s position.
Other scholars put the blame on insecurity, bad road, economic
recession, austerity measures of the early 1980s, lack of adequate
security in the nation, low turn-out at production venues and the
problem of Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) by the late 1980s.
The introduction of the video-film put a final seal on these myriad
causes. Albeit the presence of the screen, the problem of insecurity and
bad roads that put an end itinerant nature of theatre troupes stage
performances has witnessed a rebirth. Stand-up comic and musical
shows are drawing huge audiences everywhere in the country. The
theatre has also resurface in a rather upsurge form within the numerous
institutions of higher learning in the country. In the first four decades
after the establishment of the premier university in the country
(University of Ibadan) the number of universities offering courses in
theatre arts was less than ten, but the number has since climbed to more
than thirty by year 2005.
132 ‘Rantimi – Theatre Arts Curriculum and Events Management
There are some notable branded theatrical events in Nigeria today; the
organizers of these events have had to be steadfast in their management
approaches in order to arrive at the stage they are currently enjoying.
The list is longer than listed. These events have raised the economic status of
the individual organizers above the poverty level. The events have also become
the avenue for discovering new talents in the Nigerian entertainment industry.
Corporate sponsors are identifying with both the events and the organizers by
utilizing the platform provided for publicity of their businesses and products.
For example, Guinness Nigerian Plc maker of Malta Guinness drink is the
official sponsor of Basketmouth‟s uncensored. At present all the major
telecommunication providers in Nigeria sponsor events year round, they have
136 ‘Rantimi – Theatre Arts Curriculum and Events Management
In prosecuting one of the many series of the event branded LAFF 4 LIFE in
April 2007, Five Hundred Thousand Naira (N500, 000.00) was budgeted by the
organizer (Real Image Productions &Consultancy). However, one single
comedian would have collected the whole amount before appearance, through
astute events management skill, eight notable stand-up comedians and two
musical artistes performed. It featured Basketmouth (the most expensive of the
Nigerian stand-up comedian at present), Laff Up, SoundSultan, W4 etc.
Marketing and Publicity, including ticket took 5% of the budget, while another
5% went to venue, and 10% was expended on audience refreshment and
lodging of artistes. Classification of the events tickets ranged from N500.00 to
N2000.00 and N7000.00 for a table. The irony of this particular event that took
place in the University environment (Redeemer‟s University) is that the
organizers staged the show without recourse to either personal or company
resources, even when the final cost rose to more than 45%. It was sponsored
100% by an independent corporate organisation. On the proceed from the sale
of ticket it was shared 50% each between Real Image Productions &Consult
and a partnering organisation who had earlier bought 50% of the event for
N250, 000.00. All the acts were paid, and all expenses taken care before the
event. Audience turnout was impressive and the expended resources recouped
with profit of almost 100%.
On many occasion Real Image Productions &Consult had to purchase an
already rehearsed play from the producers or directors and source for the
audience as an events and theatre management organisation.
Sponsorship is a cheap publicity for corporate bodies who want to
associate with popular brands. When seeking sponsors it is important to define
your target audience, because it will go a long way to determine the
organisation that will likely be interested in your production.
Telecommunication providers roll out programmes for young adults and are
looking for where they can find their large concentration, so approach them for
sponsorship, etc. While seeking sponsors or partners break the responsibilities,
by not trying to make single organisation to bankroll the whole project.
Refreshment is an incentive, likewise recharge cards or any other prizes
of interest, especially an opportunity of buying two tickets for the price of one
for early buyers. Hansen, points out that this system was used in order to get
audience for the production of The Kentucky Cycle in Tennessee State
University:
Conclusion
The overall interest of this paper is to imbue in the students of theatre
management the principle of return on investment. The Theatre Management
courses should prepare aspiring leaders and managers to create organizational
environments increasingly favourable to the creation of theatre art and its
presentation to appreciative audiences. Events management must be introduced
into the Nigerian theatre arts curriculum to cater for the ever-increasing need of
experts to take handle events and show business professionally.
The course (Events Management) should be an area of specialization in
the curriculum where the students can major beginning from the first semester
of year three. For effectiveness and mastering of the course, any student who
hopes to specialize in it should be made to undergo at least four academic
semesters of practical training.
Works Cited
Adedeji, Joel A. and Ekwuazi, Hyginus. Nigerian Theatre: Dynamics of a
Movement. Ibadan: Caltop Publications Ltd, 1998.
Bowdin, G.A.J, Allen, J., Harris, R., O‟Toole, W., and McDonnel, I.
Events Management. Sydney: Elsevier, 2007.
<http://www.prospects.ac.uk/p/types_of_job/theatre_manager_job_descr
iption.jsp>