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    This document provides an introduction to radiology, including key scientists and terminology. It discusses modalities that use ionizing radiation like X-rays and gamma rays and their mechanisms of action like double strand DNA breaks. Safety topics like radiation units, permissible doses for occupational workers and the public, dosimeters, and lead aprons are covered. Example radiation doses from various modalities and abbreviations are listed. Effects of radiation like stochastic and deterministic effects are defined. Multiple choice practice questions are provided at the end.

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    This document provides an introduction to radiology, including key scientists and terminology. It discusses modalities that use ionizing radiation like X-rays and gamma rays and their mechanisms of action like double strand DNA breaks. Safety topics like radiation units, permissible doses for occupational workers and the public, dosimeters, and lead aprons are covered. Example radiation doses from various modalities and abbreviations are listed. Effects of radiation like stochastic and deterministic effects are defined. Multiple choice practice questions are provided at the end.

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    15 views20 pages

    INTRO

    Uploaded by

    dhruv kathuria
    This document provides an introduction to radiology, including key scientists and terminology. It discusses modalities that use ionizing radiation like X-rays and gamma rays and their mechanisms of action like double strand DNA breaks. Safety topics like radiation units, permissible doses for occupational workers and the public, dosimeters, and lead aprons are covered. Example radiation doses from various modalities and abbreviations are listed. Effects of radiation like stochastic and deterministic effects are defined. Multiple choice practice questions are provided at the end.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 20

    Introduction to Radiology

    DR. ZAINAB VORA


    MBBS (AIIMS-GOLD MEDALIST)

    MD RADIOLOGY (AIIMS-GOLD MEDALIST)

    SENIOR RESIDENT (AIIMS)


    Names of Scientists
    ● W. C. Roentgen
    ● Godfrey Hounsfield, Alan Cormack
    ● Peter Mansfield, Paul Lauterbur
    ● Felix Bloch and Purcell
    ● Charles Dotter
    ● Henri Becquerel
    ● Lars Leksell
    ● John Wilde
    ● Ian Donald
    Terminologies

    Black White

    X-ray

    CT

    MRI

    USG
    MOA OF IONISING RADIATION

    1)Double Standard DNA Breaks

    2)Free Radicals
    DIAGNOSTIC MODALITIES WITH IONISING RADIATION
    NON- IONISING IONISING: X RAYS IONISING: GAMMA
    RAYS
    ONE-LINERS

    Ionisation power= Penetrating power


    Linear energy transfer=
    Damaging

    Maximum

    Minimum
    Radiation Units
    Entity SU Unit Conventional Unit

    Radioactivity

    Exposure

    Absorbed dose
    Air Kerma
    ABG RAD

    Equivalent dose

    Effective dose
    EXTREMITIES
    SKIN, EXTREMITIES
    SKIN, EXTREMITIES

    Maximum Permissible Dose


    Occupational Exposure Public Exposure

    Overall ● 20 mSv/ year averaged 1 mSv/y


    over 5 consecutive years
    ● 30 mSv in any single year

    Lens 150mSv/y 15mSv/y

    Skin
    SKIN, EXTREMITIES 500mSv/y 50mSv/y
    experiments

    Pregnant 2mSv/y 1mSv/y


    Female

    Fetus 1mSv/y 0.5mSv/y


    RADIATION IN DIFFERENT MODALITIES
    Modality Dose

    CXR 0.02 mSv

    Mammography 0.5-0.7 mSv

    CT head 2 mSv

    CT chest 5 mSv

    CT abdomen 10 mSv

    PET 10-12mSv

    Barium meal follow 7-8 mSv


    through /enema
    ABBREVIATIONS TO KNOW
    ● PACS

    ● DICOM

    ● ALARA

    ● RFA
    Effects of Radiation
    Stochastic Deterministic

    No threshold Threshold exists

    Delayed Immediate

    Probability increases with dose Severity increases with dose

    Cancer, Genetic mutations Skin erythema (MC), Cataracts,


    “All or none” Epilation
    THERMOLUMINESCENT DOSIMETER
    LEAD APRON
    MCQ 1

    Which of the following investigations do not use ionizing radiation?

    a) HSG
    b) CT
    c) Mammography
    d) USG Doppler
    MCQ 2

    Q. Which of the following work on the same principle

    a) CT and MRI
    b) Xray and CT
    c) MRI and USG
    d) USG and PET
    MCQ 3

    Q. Minimum thickness of lead apron according to WHO

    A) 0.25mm
    B) 0.5mm
    C) 0.75mm
    D) 1mm
    MCQ 4
    Q. Radiation dose monitoring in occupational workers is done by:

    a) Grid
    b) TLD
    c) Collimator
    d) Linear accelerator
    MCQ 5
    Identify the incorrect pair of maximum radiation exposure limit according to AERB

    a) General public- 1mSv /yr


    b) Occupational worker -2 mSv/yr
    c) Lens of occupational worker- 150msv/yr
    d) Skin of general public-50msv/yr
    Thank you

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