Unit IV

Digital Baseband modulation and waveform

Encoding

Dr. Shrikant S. Joshi

Asst. Prof. Dept. of E & TC, VIIT Pune
 Points covered
Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM)
Delta Modulation (DM)
Adaptive Delta Modulation (ADM)
Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM)
Important points
1) Quantization noise can reduced by increasing
quantization levels (i.e. increasing number of
bits for encoding)
2) Increasing number of bits increases data rate
hence bandwidth for transmission.
3) Non-uniform quantization can maintain SNR up
to certain extent but it not reduces the number
of bits for encoding.
4) In DPCE we uses the data autocorrelation
characteristics of the signal to reduce the
number of bits for encoding
Delta Modulation
 Adaptive Delta Modulation
Summary of DM:
1. One bit encoder
2. Suffers with slope overload error and granular noise
Delta Modulator

Adaptive Delta Modulator

Delta-Sigma modulation

Delta modulator

Delta-sigma modulator
 Advantages of Sigma-Delta modulator

1. The channel noise no longer accumulates at the demodulator

2. The important low frequency content of the message m(t) is preemphasized by integrator.

This helps many practical signals whose low-frequency components are more important.

3. The integrator effectively smooth the signal for encoding

4. The low-pass nature of the integrator increases the correlation between successive

samples, leading to smaller encoding error.

5. The demodulator is simplified.