What is the name given to all matter, energy, and space?

a.Universe
Electrons at the outermost energy level of an atom are called
Valence Electrons
TheThe Sun's energy is generated from the fusion of
hydrogen nuclei to form helium nuclei
Which of the following did not occur after the Big Bang?
the universe is compacted into a very small volume
In 1661, who developed a definition of element that made the concept subject to laboratory
investigation?
Boyle
Wilhelm Roentgen discovered
X-ray.
When the Sun moves off the main sequence, it will next become a _______________.
red giant
Who discovered the nucleus of the atom in 1911?
Rutherford
The various isotopes of an element all have
the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
If all samples of a material have identical properties and composition, it is
an element or compound.
The nuclear model of the atom is associated with
Rutherford.
The vertical columns of elements in the periodic table are called
groups.
When fast electrons strike a metal target, what are produced?
X-rays
What is the visible surface of the Sun called?
Photosphere
Who discovered the atomic nucleus in 1911?
Ernest Rutherford
The second most abundant element in the Earth's atmosphere is
oxygen.
The Sun is a
star.
Which of these is not a basic idea of Dalton’s atomic theory?
There are atoms gained/lost/changed in identity during a chemical reaction.
What is the name given to all matter, energy, and space?
Universe
In 1869, a major event in the history of chemistry occurred; it was the
development of the periodic table.
The various isotopes of an element all have
the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
When the absolute magnitudes, or brightnesses, of stars are plotted against their surface temperatures or
colors, we obtain a(n)
Hertzsprung-Russell (or H-R) diagram.
What is element 61 called?
promethium
The greater the mass of a star, the _______________ it moves through its life cycle.
faster
The "plum pudding model" of the atom is associated with
Thomson.
The number of _______________ on the Sun varies over an 11-year cycle
sunspots
The Sun's photosphere is, by mass, about 25%
helium.
According to the Big Bang theory, when did the universe begin?
13.7 billion years ago
Aluminum is an example of
an element.
Niels Bohr focused his attention on the element hydrogen because it
had the simplest atom.
The remaining core of a planetary nebula is called a _______________.
white dwarf
The periodic table is most easily understood in terms of the ______________ configurations of the
elements.
electron
Sodium is an example of
An element
In 1869, a major event in the history of chemistry occurred; it was the
development of the periodic table.
The Bohr theory was developed to explain which of these phenomena?
Line spectra
The two types of bright nebulae are emission nebulae and _______________ nebulae.
reflection
Molecular compounds' melting and boiling temperatures are generally low.
True
The_______________ is the small, dense region at the center of an atom where protons are also found.
Nucleus
Carbon dioxide is nonpolar.
True
Diamond vaporizes to gas at temperatures above 3500 degrees Celsius.
True
What is the temperature in kelvins of the visible surface of the Sun?
6000 k
The ancient Greek who is known for championing the concept of atom was named ______________.
Democritus
Are fixed distances from the nucleus.
Energy Levels
Who discovered the electron in 1897?
J.J. Thompson.
74% of the mass of the Earth's crus is composed of only two elements. What are these?
oxygen and silicon
The fusion process that explains how hydrogen is fused in hotter stars.
CNO cycle
About 75% of the mass of the visible universe is composed of which element?
Hydrogen
Thomson's revision of the model of the atom into what became known as ____________ model.
plum pudding
The temperature of the Sun's interior is estimated to be about how many kelvins?
15 million
This consists of fundamental particles called leptons.
Electrons
The "billiard ball model" of the atom is associated with
Dalton.
The periodic table is most easily understood in terms of the ______________ configurations of the
elements.
Electron
Who discovered the electron in 1897?
Thomson
The Sun's photosphere is, by mass, about 75%
Hydrogen
Dalton thought individual atoms were solid, hard spheres so he modeled them with wooden balls.
True
This was one of Rutherford's famous experiements where he used a radioactive source to direct alpha
particles toward a very thin sheet of gold foil.
gold foil experiment
The heaviest elements are created in _______, the fantastic death of supergiant stars.
supernovae
What was the nationality of the first persons who we know speculated about “elements”?
Greek
Ionic compounds are for both metals and nonmetals.
True
The _______ puts the elements in order of increasing atomic number, into seven horizontal rows.
Periodic table
The Sun's energy is generated from the fusion of
hydrogen nuclei to form helium nuclei.