Calata, Arlene May D.

11-ABM1
Assignment No. 2

Guide Questions:

1. Why is the Big Bang Theory the most widely accepted explanation about the origin of the
universe? Explain the theory briefly.

- It is the most widely accepted explanation because this theory was supported by different
people like Edwin Hubble, Arno Penzias, and Robert Wilson, which explains that the universe
started as a dense and hot point like a black hole. Then it exploded, formed energy, matter,
space and time. The big bang theory is the origin of everything.

2. What are the results of the violent explosion of the hot and dense singularity? Describe each
result.

-The explosion resulted to the the origin of everything; the energy, time, space, and matter was
formed. Then after the explosion, there was two major stages of the universe that occurred
which is the Radiation era and Matter era. In Radiation era, radiation is dominant. In Matter era,
atom is dominant. And those stages results to the life and Earth that we have at present time.

3. Compare and contrast the Radiation Era and Matter Era.

-These two are the major stages of the development of the universe. In Radiation era, the
universe is fully ionized, where radiation is dominant. In this era, the universe also continues to
expand and the temperature is very high. Wherein in Matter era, the temperature of the
universe decreased, enough to form atoms or matter. Stars also began to form. In this era, atom
is dominant.

4. Explain the different epochs of Radiation Era and Matter Era.

Radiation Era
 Plank- on this stage, no matter existed but only energy and the super force which
composed of the gravity, strong nuclear, weak, and electromagnetic. It ended when
gravity splits away from the super force.
 Grand Unification- this stage was named for the three unified forces of nature. It ended
when the strong nuclear splits aways from the super force.
 Inflationary- on this stage, the universe rapidly expanded. Also, on this stage, the
universe was very hot.
 Electroweak- on this stage, the remaining super force which is the electromagnetic and
weak splits away.
 Quark- on this stage, all of the ingredients of the universe where present but it was still
too hot to form subatomic.
  Hadron- on this stage, the universe cooled down enough to form quarks to bind and
form protons and neutrons.
 Lepton and nuclear- on this stage, proton and neutron fused, then created nuclei. In this
stage also happened to create the first element on the universe which is helium.

Matter Era
 Atomic- on this stage, the temperature of the universe cooled down enough for the
electrons to join with the nuclei and form hydrogen.
 Galactic- on this stage, atomic clouds were formed from the hydrogen and helium
atoms. The clusters of atom formed became the seedlings of the galaxies.
 Stellar- this stage is the latest stage of development, stars began to form on this stage.

5. What is Recombination? Explain its mechanism

-Recombination happens when the electron attaches to the nuclei as the temperature on the
universe goes down. It helped create the universe’s second element, which is hydrogen.