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The three Round Table Conferences (RTC) of 1930-32 were a series of conferences organised
by the British Government to discuss constitutional reforms in India. They were conducted
as per the recommendation by the report submitted by the Simon Commission in May 1930.
Ist RTC was the first ever conference arranged between the British and the Indian as equals
thus signifying the growing pressure of the Indian agitations int the form of Swdeshi
Movement, Non Cooperation Movement and Civil Disobedience Movement, However 1st
RTC couldn’t get any fruitful result due to the boycott of Congress and as the Conservative
dominated National Government was not in a mood to take the federal idea seriously,
eventually leading to the idea of 2nd RTC and to famous Gandhi Irwin Pact in March 1931.
In 2nd RTC, Congress mainly Gandhiji was persuaded to participate on the basis of three
vague principles of federation, responsible government and reservation and safeguards,
However due to the non cooperation by the Right Wing Government in Britain along with
the internal confrontation between INC, Muslim League, Minorities Committee, nd RTC
ended with MacDonald’s announcements which further divided the Indian front over the
provision of Muslim majority provinces and the Communal Award.
Finally the increasing pressure on the Indian soil was attempted to restore to normal by 3rd
RIC, which Congress and Labour Party refused to attend, thus defying the sole purpose,
and Government finally tried to regain control by introducing White paper which became
the Government of India Act,1935 which was never enough to fade away the dream of
Independent India.
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