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ДОКУМЕНТ ПОДПИСАН
ЭЛЕКТРОННОЙ ПОДПИСЬЮ
Сертификат: 73180D16197C76842E28B757B5B23974
Владелец: Павлова Ольга Николаевна
Действителен: с 15.11.2022 до 08.02.2024
Block 1
Mandatory part
B1.O.5. MANAGEMENT IN HEALTH CARE
Discipline tasks:
- form knowledge fundamentals administrative process And
management in a medical organization;
- introduce modern concepts of the administrative process and
management, features of marketing in healthcare;
- to teach the skills of making managerial decisions in medical
organizations;
- to form ideas about the medical organization as an integral object of
management, its types and features of construction;
- to form complex knowledge and management skills as a necessary
condition for the effective operation of medical organizations;
- develop practical skills for solving managerial problems; develop the
- ability to work in a team and rationally implement
interaction with participants in joint activities in solving problems to
achieve the goal;
- promote the development of skills to overcome and resolve
conflicts;
- learn to evaluate the effectiveness of the management mechanism and the
degree of controllability of a medical organization, to identify and determine the
degree of importance of a particular environmental factor that affects management
decisions.
1.1. Formation of competencies
As a result of mastering the program of the discipline "Management
in Health Care", the student should form universal competencies.
Planned learning outcomes for the discipline (module), correlated
with indicators of achievement of competencies:
No. Code and name Code and name Practice learning outcomes
p/n competencies achievement indicator
competencies (IDK)
scientific tradition
competencies
section section
Section content
Codes
disciplines
1. Control Introduction to project management. System of standards in the field of project UK-2.1.
projects management. Classification of projects. Goals and strategies of the project. Project UK-2.2.
structures. Types and examples of structural project models used in project UK-2.3.
management. Life cycle and phases of the project. Stakeholders and organizational UK-3.1.
structure of project management. Project management methods. SCRUM and Agile UK-3.2.
project management. Lean and Kanban methods in project management Project UK-3.3.
management according to the PRINCE2 method. Development of a project passport UK-4.1.
Goal-setting. Formulation of goals. Scheduling and organization of the project UK-4.2.
control system. Structural decomposition of works. responsibility matrix. Reporting UK-4.3.
matrix. Project milestones. network model. Critical path method. Principles of UK-5.1.
building a control system. Project risk management. Risks, definition and UK-5.2.
classification. Risk management plan. Identification, analysis, risk response planning. UK-5.3.
Monitoring and control of risks. The specifics of working in a project team. Protection
of projects before investors. Project personnel management. Organizational
planning of the project. Development of the project team. Motivation of project
participants. Distribution of roles in the team. Project communication management.
Project communications planning, distribution of project information, reporting,
administrative completion. Development of a project communications management
plan. Protection of projects before investors Development of the project team.
Motivation of project participants. Distribution of roles in the team. Project
communication management. Project communications planning, distribution of
project information, reporting, administrative completion. Development of a project
communications management plan. Protection of projects before investors
Development of the project team. Motivation of project participants. Distribution of
roles in the team. Project communication management. Project communications
planning, distribution of project information, reporting, administrative completion.
Development of a project communications management plan. Protection of projects
before investors
competencies
section section
Section content
Codes
disciplines
4.2 Sections of the discipline and labor intensity by types of educational work
Types of educational work, hour.
No. Name
outside auditor Total
section section auditorium
la disciplines naya hour.
L PZ SRO
1. Project management 1 22 6 29
2. Process management 1 8 6 15
3. Risk management of a medical 1 8 6 15
organization
4. Team management as a 1 6 6 13
tool for the effective
management of medical
organization.
Total: 4 44 24 72
semester
1. Control L.1. System of standards in the field of
projects project management. Classification of
projects. Goals and strategies of the
1
project. Project structures. Types and
examples of structural project models
used in project management
2 Control L.2. Process approach: the concept of
processes implementation in the organization. The
purpose of the process approach. Terms 1
and definitions of process approach.
Process block diagram
3 Risk management L.3. Holistic risk management is a
medical proactive management paradigm. Risk as 1
organizations an object of diagnostics and evaluation.
4 Command L.4. Concept command
management as management.
tool 1
effective
management
No. Chapter Topics of lectures Quantities
section disciplines about hours in
semester
medical
organization.
V development and
institutions; participate related medical between divisions departments health care facilities,related medical
drawing up an estimate of the institutions; participate in health care facilities, related related medical institutions; participate in
institution, its staffing table; development and budgeting of the medical institutions; participate in development and budgeting of the
organize work on the selection, institution, his regular institutions; participate in the development and budgeting of the institution, his regular
placement and use of personnel; schedule; organize development and compiling institution, his regular schedule; organize
ensure complex selection, placement and use estimates institutions, his schedule; organize selection, placement and use
activities By raising personnel; regular schedule; work on the selection, placement personnel;
qualifications medical provide conducting organize work on and use of personnel; provide conducting
health facility personnel; complex activities By selection, constellation Andprovide conducting complex activities By
raising qualifications use personnel; complex activities for raising qualifications
medical staff of health facilities; provide conducting raising qualifications medical staff of health facilities;
complex activities for medical staff of health facilities;
raising qualifications
medical personnel
health care facilities;
Own: principles student Not owns Capable (With help Capable (With mistakes student owns
organizational design principles of organizational design consultations With
corrected principles of organizational design
structures of healthcare facilities and of structures of health facilities and teacher) apply on one's own) apply of structures of health facilities and
distribution of responsibilities; methods for distribution of responsibilities; organizational design principles of organizational distribution of responsibilities;
solving the problems of personnel tricks solutions tasks principles structures design of health facilities tricks solutions tasks
management and record keeping in personnel management Andhealth care facilities and distribution structures and distribution of personnel management And
healthcare facilities; principles of reference office work V responsibilities; tricks responsibilities; tricks
solutions tasks reference office work V
With
communication of the health colleagues
care organizer principles
health care facilities; communication problem solving personnel personnel management Andhealth care facilities;principles communication
medical specialists and healthcare organizer with management And reference reference office work V healthcare organizer with
patients. colleagues, medical office work in health care facilities; health care facilities; principles communication colleagues, medical
professionals and patients. principles communication healthcare organizer with professionals and patients.
organizer colleagues, medical
healthcare with colleagues, professionals and patients.
medical
professionals and patients.
Know:legal regulation student Not knows student Maybe (With student Maybe (With student knows legal
management health care; legal regulation consultation Withmistakes corrected regulation management
planning V healthcare: management health care; teacher) on one's own) use health care;
principles, forms and methods; planning V use legal legal regulation planning V
informational security healthcare: principles regulation management management health care; healthcare: principles
management; organization forms And methods; health care; planning V forms And methods;
office work; economic informational security planning V healthcare: principles informational security
health aspects; financing system; management; organization healthcare: principles forms And methods; management; organization
basics office work; forms And methods; informational security office work;
accounting and auditing; control economic Aspects management information management; organization economic Aspects
over the execution of allocated health care; system support; organization of office work; health care; system
appropriations; financing; basics office work; economic Aspects financing; basics
accounting and auditing; economic Aspects health care; system accounting and auditing;
control over the execution of health care; system financing; basics control over the execution of
allocated appropriations; financing; basics accounting and auditing; allocated appropriations;
accounting and auditing; control over the execution of
control over the execution of allocated appropriations;
allocated appropriations;
Be able to: organize student Not can Can (With help Capable (With mistakes student can
interaction: With authorities organize interaction: with consultations Withcorrected organize interaction: with
management, legislative Andauthorities management, teacher) on one's own) organize authorities management,
executive bodies, legislative Andorganize interaction: interaction: with authorities legislative And
public organizations; executive bodies, Withauthorities management, management, legislative and executive bodies,
public legislative Andexecutive bodies, public public
organizations; executive bodies, organizations;
public organizations;
organizations;
Own: methods acceptance student Not owns Capable (With help Capable (With mistakes student owns
management decisions and methods acceptance consultations With
corrected methods acceptance
analysis of socio-psychological managerial decisions and teacher) apply on one's own) apply managerial decisions and
processes in healthcare facilities; analysis social methods acceptance methods acceptance analysis social
basic methods of logical analysis; psychological processes V managerial decisions and managerial decisions and psychological processes V
tools implementation health care facilities; main methods analysis social analysis social health care facilities; main methods
managerial decisions in the field logical analysis; psychological processes in health psychological processes in logical analysis;
of functional management. tools implementation care facilities; basics methods health care facilities; basics methods tools implementation
managerial decisions in logical analysis; logical analysis; managerial decisions in
areas tools for the implementation of tools implementation areas
functional management decisions in the managerial decisions in functional
management. field areas management.
functional functional
management. management.
UK-3. Know: organization work student Not knows student Maybe (With student Maybe (With student knows
Capable medical council, business organization work consultation With
mistakes corrected organization work
lead meetings; organization reception medical advice, business teacher) on one's own) use medical advice, business
work population and work with letters and meetings; organization use organization organization work meetings; organization
teams statements; organization of work on reception of the population and work work of the medical council, medical advice, business reception of the population and work
doctors, the selection and education of with letters And statements; business meetings; meetings; organization with letters And statements;
middle Andmedical personnel and reserve; organization work on organization reception reception of the population and work organization work on
junior selection And education population And work With
with letters And statements; selection And education
medical medical personnel and reserve; letters and statements; organization work on medical personnel and reserve;
staff, organization work on selection And education
organizing selection And education medical personnel and reserve;
process medical personnel and
rendering reserve;
medical Be able to:develop strategies student Not can Can (With help Capable (With mistakes student can
help organizations. develop strategies consultations With
corrected develop develop strategies
population organizations teacher) strategies organizations organizations
develop strategies on one's own)
organizations
Own: modern student Not owns Capable (With help Capable (With mistakes student owns
technologies And effective modern technologies Andconsultations With
corrected modern technologies And
influence on individual and group effective influence on teacher) apply
on one's own) apply effective influence on
behavior V individual and group modern technologies Andmodern technologies Andindividual and group
organizations. behavior in the organization. effective influence on effective influence on behavior in the organization.
individual and group individual and group
behavior in the organization. behavior in the organization.
Know: theoretical Andstudent Not knows student Maybe (With student Maybe (With student knows
practical approaches To theoretical And
practical consultation Withmistakes corrected theoretical And
practical
definition sources Andapproaches to definition teacher) on one's own) use approaches to definition
mechanisms ensure sources And mechanisms use theoretical and practical theoretical And
practical sources And mechanisms
competitive advantages ensure competitive approaches To approaches to definition ensure competitive
organizations. organization benefits. definition sources Andsources And mechanisms organization benefits.
mechanisms ensure ensure competitive
competitive advantage of the organization benefits.
organization.
Be able to: to plan Andstudent Not can Can (With help Capable (With mistakes student can
realize Events, to plan Andrealize consultations With
corrected to plan Andrealize
directed on implementation measures aimed at the teacher) to plan and independently) to plan and measures aimed at the
strategies management implementation strategies implement activities aimed at implement Events, implementation strategies
human resources management human implementing the strategy directed on implementation management human
organizations. organization resources. management strategies management organization resources.
human resources human resources
organizations. organizations.
Own: tools student Not owns Capable (With help Capable (With mistakes student owns
settlement conflict conflict resolution tools. consultations With
corrected conflict resolution tools.
situations. teacher) apply on one's own) apply
conflict resolution tools. conflict resolution tools.
Know:functional strategies student Not knows student Maybe (With student Maybe (With student knows
companies; functional strategies consultation With
mistakes corrected functional strategies
companies; teacher) on one's own) use companies;
use functional strategies
functional strategies companies;
companies;
Be able to:analyze relationships student Not can Can (With help Capable (With mistakes student can
between functional analyze interconnections consultations With
corrected analyze interconnections
strategies of companies in order to between functional teacher) independently) to analyze the between functional
prepare balanced management strategies of companies in analyze interconnections relationship between strategies of companies in
decisions. order to prepare balanced between functional functional strategies of order to prepare balanced
management decisions. strategies companies With
companies in order to prepare management decisions.
goal training balanced
balanced management decisions.
management decisions.
Own: modern student Not owns Capable (With help Capable (With mistakes student owns
tools management modern consultations With
corrected modern
human resources; human resource management teacher) apply on one's own) apply tools management
tools analysis tools; tools modern management tools modern tools human resources;
interconnections between analysis human management human tools analysis
functional strategies interconnections between resources; tools resources; tools interconnections between
companies to prepare functional strategies relationship analysis between relationship analysis between functional strategies
balanced management decisions. companies in order to prepare functional functional strategies of companies in order to prepare
balanced strategies companies With
companies in order to prepare balanced
managerial goal training balanced managerial
solutions. balanced management decisions. solutions.
management decisions.
UK-4. Know:ways of interpersonal and The student does not know the student Maybe (With student Maybe (With student knows the ways
Capable group communication. ways of interpersonal and group consultation With
mistakes corrected interpersonal and group
line up communication. teacher) on one's own) use communications.
interaction use ways ways of interpersonal And
ie within interpersonal and group group communication.
his communication.
professional Be able to:have a business The student does not know how to Can (With help Capable (With mistakes student can lead
noah conversation exchange conduct a business conversation, consultations With
corrected business conversation, exchange
activities information, give assessments; exchange information, give teacher) lead independently) to conduct a business information, give assessments;
lead the discussion and participate assessments; lead the discussion and business conversation conversation, exchange lead the discussion and
in it; speak at meetings with participate in it; speak at exchange information, information, give estimates; participate in it; speak at
reports, presentations,
remarks
critical Andmeetings with reports, give estimates; lead lead the discussion and meetings with reports,
offers; observe reports, critical discussion and participate in participate in it; speak at reports, critical
rules of speech etiquette; be comments and suggestions; it; speak at meetings with reports, comments and suggestions;
proficient meaningful observe the rules of speech meetings with reports, reports, critical observe the rules of speech
genres of written speech etiquette; own reports, critical comments and suggestions; etiquette; own
necessary for free communication professionally meaningful remarks Andobserve the rules of speech professionally meaningful
in the process genres of writing speech, offers; observe etiquette; own genres of writing speech,
professional activities and creation necessary for free speech rules etiquette; professionally meaningful necessary for free
of official business documents (act, communication in the process own genres of writing speech, communication in the process
examination, report, etc.); professional professionally significant necessary for free professional
activities and creation genres of writing speech, communication in the process activities and creation
official business necessary For professional official business
documents (act, examination, free communication V activities and creation documents (act, examination,
report, etc.); process official business report, etc.);
professional documents (act, examination,
activities and creation report, etc.);
official business
documents (act, examination,
report, etc.);
Own:effective organization of student Not owns Capable (With help Capable (With mistakes student
communications within the ways efficient consultations With
corrected owns ways of effective
professional groups; organizations communications teacher) apply on one's own) apply organization communications
modern technologies of inside professional ways efficient ways efficient inside professional
effective influence on groups; modern organizations communications organizations communications groups; modern
individual and group behavior in the technologies inside professional inside professional technologies
organization; methods of effective influence on groups; modern groups; modern effective influence on
implementation of the main individual and group technologies technologies individual and group
managerial functions (adoption effective influence on effective influence on
solutions organization, behavior V organizations; individual and group behavior individual and group behavior in behavior V organizations;
motivation And control): methods of implementation of the in the organization; methods the organization; methods for methods of implementation of the
skills interpersonal main management functions for implementing the main implementing the main main management functions
communications (Adoption solutions management functions management functions (Adoption solutions
organization, motivation and (Adoption solutions (Adoption solutions organization, motivation and
control): skills organization, motivation organization, motivation and control): skills
interpersonal communication and control): skills control): skills interpersonal communication
interpersonal interpersonal communication
communications
Know:main communication student Not knows student Maybe (With student Maybe (With The learner knows main
quality speeches (relevance, main communicative consultation With
mistakes corrected communicative quality
logic, accuracy, purity, quality speech (relevance, teacher) on one's own) use speech (relevance, logic,
brevity and completeness, richness, consistency, accuracy, purity, use main main communicative accuracy, purity, brevity and
expressiveness, etc.); brevity and completeness, communicative quality quality speech (relevance, completeness, wealth,
basic norms literary richness, expressiveness, etc.); speech (relevance, consistency, consistency, accuracy, purity, expressiveness, etc.); basic
language; peculiarities basic norms of the literary accuracy, purity, brevity and brevity and completeness, norms of the literary language;
functioning language in language; peculiarities completeness, wealth, richness, expressiveness, etc.); peculiarities
various styles: scientific, functioning language in expressiveness, etc.); basic norms of the literary functioning language in
official business, various styles: scientific, main norms language; peculiarities various styles: scientific,
journalistic, colloquial; official business, literary language; functioning language in official business,
journalistic, peculiarities various styles: scientific, journalistic,
colloquial; functioning language in official business, colloquial;
various styles: scientific, journalistic,
official business, colloquial;
journalistic,
colloquial;
Be able to:observe requirements student Not can Can (With help Capable (With mistakes The student is able to comply
literary norm in educational and observe requirements consultations With
corrected literary
professional Andliterary norm in educational teacher) observe on one's own) observe norms V educational
professional and business areas and professional Andrequirements literary requirements literary professional And
communication; use language professional and business areas norms V educational norms V
professional and business areas
educational
means in accordance with the style, of communication; use language professional Andprofessional Andof communication; use language
form, genre and situation of facilities V professional and business professional and business areas facilities V
communication; enjoy in accordance with the style, form, areas of communication; use of communication; use language in accordance with the style, form,
reference books Andnormative genre and situation of language in facilities V genre and situation of
dictionaries of modern Russian communication; enjoy in accordance with the style, form, in accordance with the style, form, communication; enjoy
literary language; reference books Andgenre and situation of genre and situation of reference books And
compositionally And logically normative dictionaries communication; enjoy communication; enjoy normative dictionaries
Right, competently V contemporary Russian reference books Andreference books Andcontemporary Russian
spelling, literary language; normative dictionaries normative dictionaries literary language;
punctuation And speech compositionally and logically contemporary Russian contemporary Russian compositionally and logically
relation to draw up written texts; Right, competently in literary language; literary language; Right, competently in
produce texts spelling, compositionally and logically compositionally and logically spelling,
topical speech genres punctuation and speech Right, competently V Right, competently in punctuation and speech
educational and professional Andrespect formalize
spelling, spelling, respect formalize
professional spheres of communication; written texts;
punctuation and speech punctuation Andspeech written texts;
produce texts
respect formalize respect formalize produce texts
topical speech genres
written texts; written texts; topical speech genres
educational and Andproduce texts produce texts educational and And
professional professional spheres topical speech genres topical speech genres professional professional spheres
communication; educational and Andeducational and Andcommunication;
professional professionalspheres professional professional spheres
communication; communication;
Own: skills oral student Not owns Capable (With help Capable (With mistakes student owns
colloquial and everyday speech and oral skills colloquially- consultations With
corrected oral skills colloquially-
professional communication, the everyday speech and teacher) apply on one's own) apply everyday speech and
skills of leaving documents in professional communication, oral skills colloquially- oral skills colloquially- professional communication,
professional activities. skills abandonment everyday speech and everyday speech and skills abandonment
documents V professional communication professional communication, documents V
professional skills abandonment leaving paperwork skills professional
activities. documents V professional activities.
professional activities.
activities.
Know: theoretical student Not knows student Maybe (With student Maybe (With The student knows the theoretical
methodological foundations of theoretical and methodological consultation With
mistakes corrected and methodological basics
scientific knowledge; essence, foundations of scientific teacher) on one's own) use scientific knowledge; entity,
functions, structure, content and logic knowledge; essence, functions, use theoretical theoretical and methodological functions, structure,
of scientific knowledge; methodology structure, content and logic of methodological basics foundations of scientific the content and logic of scientific
for choosing the direction and scientific knowledge;
selection methodology scientific knowledge; essence, knowledge; essence, functions, knowledge; selection methodology
conducting scientific research; the directions and holding functions, structure, structure, content and logic of directions and holding
procedure for formalizing and scientific research; content And logic scientific knowledge;
selection methodology scientific research;
presenting the results of scientific work order design and scientific knowledge; selection directions and holding order design and
and the basis representation results methodology directions Andscientific research; representation results
defense of scientific work scientific work and the basis for holding scientific order design and scientific work and the basis for
the defense of scientific work research; order representation results the defense of scientific work
design and presentation of the scientific work and the basis for
results of scientific work and the the defense of scientific work
basis
defense of scientific work
Be able to:apply theoretical student Not can Can (With help Capable (With mistakes The student is able to apply
knowledge and practical skills in apply theoretical consultations With
corrected theoretical knowledge And
organizing scientific knowledge and practical skills in the teacher) apply on one's own) apply practical skills V
research work; organization holding theoretical knowledge Andtheoretical knowledge Andorganizations holding
evaluate practical research work; conduct practical skills V practical skills V research work; conduct
significance research; assessment organizations holding organizations holding assessment
introduce results practical significance research work; evaluate the research work; evaluate practical significance
analytical Andresearch; introduce practical significance practical research; introduce
research work in the form analytical And significance analytical And
speeches, report, research work in research; present the results research; introduce research work in
informational review, form of analytical research Andanalytical research results Andform
analytical report, article; speeches, report, work V work V speeches, report,
informational review, form form informational review,
analytical report, article; speeches, report, speeches, report, analytical report, article;
informational review, informational review,
analytical report, analytical report, article;
articles;
Own:critical analysis and student Not owns Capable (With help Capable (With mistakes student owns
evaluation of the structure of the skills of critical analysis and consultations With
corrected the skills of critical analysis and
scientific evaluation of the structure of teacher) apply on one's own) apply Andevaluation of the structure of
research, presentation of the process scientific research, statements skills of critical analysis and evaluation of the structure of scientific research, statements
and results of research within the process And results evaluation of the structure of scientific research, statements process And results
framework of modern research V framework scientific research, statements process And results research V framework
3. + Processes are of the same type and cyclic, the project is unique in its
purpose and methods of implementation, and also has clear start and
end dates
4. Which of the following is not an advantage of a project
organizational structure?
1. + Combining people and equipment happens through projects
2. Teamwork and a sense of belonging
3. Shortening the lines of communication
5. What are the processes of organizing and conducting project
quality control?
1. Checking the compliance of the results already obtained with the specified
requirements
2. Drawing up a list of shortcomings and deviations
3. + Intermediate and final quality control with reporting
Economic theory
1. Property relations as the basis of management.
2. Characteristics of various economic systems.
3. Money and their role in a market economy.
4. The law of supply and demand.
5. Types of monopolies and their characteristics. Oligopoly and
monopolistic competition.
6. Theory of the economic cycle.
7. The place of the state in solving the issue of economic balance.
Autonomous spending multiplier.
8. Keynesian theory of economic regulation.
9. Theories of adaptive and rational expectations.
10. Theories of economic growth.
Personnel Management
1. Management theories about the role of a person in an organization
2. Structure and categories of personnel of the organization
3. Place and role of personnel management in labor management
4. Functions of personnel management of the organization
5. Analysis and design of work
6. The relationship between the strategy of the organization and the strategy of personnel
management
7. Fundamentals of technology for developing an organization's personnel management
strategy
8. Essence and principles of personnel marketing
9. Typical stages of personnel selection
10. Types and aspects of staff adaptation
Population health
1. Public health and factors determining it.
2. Health indicators
3. Fundamentals of epidemiology and evidence-based medicine.
4. Medical demographics. Medical and social aspects of
demographic processes
5. The system of protection, strengthening and restoration of public health
6. Quality of care
7. Organization of health resort care
8. Social protection of the population
9. Medical insurance
10.Personnel policy in healthcare Health
economics
1. The essence of the economic analysis of the health care
organization.
2. Methods of clinical and economic analysis in medicine.
3. Forms and systems of remuneration in health care.
4. Stimulating wage systems in health care.
5. Economics of a medical organization
6. Methods of payment for medical care
7. Activities of a medical organization as an economic entity
be able to
own
1 The student correctly completed When performing a complex ticket
the complex task ticket. task student
Showed excellent possessions demonstrated inadequate
the skills of applying the acquired the level of possession of skills and
knowledge and skills in solving abilities in solving professional problems
professional problems within the within the framework of the learned
framework of the learned educational material. Many inaccuracies
educational material. Answered all were made in the answers to additional
additional questions questions.
Main literature:
1. Gilyarevsky R. Information management. Management of information,
knowledge, technology 2009 304c.
2. Durakova I.B. Personnel Management. Textbook. INFRA-M 2009 393s.
Additional literature:
1. Kamionsky, S. Management in a Russian bank / S. Kamionsky. - M.:
Editorial URSS, 2000. - 112 p.
2. Kudryavtsev, A.A. Management in health care. Medical and economic
standards and methods of their analysis / A.A. Kudryavtsev. - M.: St.
Petersburg State University (SPbGU), 2004. -929c. 3. Management in
healthcare / N.G. Petrova and others - M .: MEDpress-inform, 2009. - 256c.
Preparing for When preparing for the test, it is necessary to focus on lecture
intermediate notes, recommended literature, etc.
attestations