Gravitational Force—Factor of Change What happens to the force of gravity between two objects if: a) one mass is tripled? b) both masses are tripled? c) the distance is doubled? d) the distance is cut in half? e) one mass is quadrupled, the other mass is tripled, and the radius is divided by 3? Practice Problem—Ranking Task In the four cases shown below, two spheres are in contact with each other somewhere in space far fiom the influence of other objects. The spheres have radii shown in each diagram. In each case, the two spheres exert a gravitational force on each other RR oR OR aR 2R R RF 3R Case CaseB Casec CaseD ‘Source: College Board AP Physics 1 WorkbookPractice Problem—Ranking Task Consider all given cases and assume all of the spheres have the same mass M. Let the left sphere have a radius R, and the right sphere have a radius R,. Write an equation for the gravitational force F that the two spheres exert on each other that could apply to any scenario above. Your equation should contain M,, M, R,, R,, and physical constants as appropriate. 3R ‘Source: College Board AP Physies 1 Workbook Practice Problem—Ranking Task Rank the cases by the gravitational force that the spheres exert on each other, assuming that all the spheres shown have the same mass. Include <, >, or = to clarify your ranking. Strongest force Weakest force Use your equation from the previous slide to explain how you determined your ranking. ‘Source: College Board AP Physics 1 WorkbookPractice Problem—Case D What would happen to the magnitude of the force between the objects if both masses were doubled? What would happen to the magnitude of the force between the objects if, instead, both radii were doubled? ‘Source: Colege Board AP Physics 1 Workbook Practice Problem—Ranking Task “The figure shows two identical planets with radius R. Thelr centers are separated by a distance of AR. They are near each other but are not colliding because they are ombiting each other. An astronaut stands at one of the labeled positions. Rank the magnitudes of net gravitational force on the astronaut at each ofthe four labeled positions from greatest to least. Include <, >, ot = to clarify your ranking. Justify your ranking (use words, diagrams, equations, etc.) Planet 1 Planet 2 Greatest net force Least net force ‘Source: College Board AP Physies 1 WorkbookGravitational Field Strength What is the gravitational field strength ata point 1 Earth radius above the surface? What about 2 Earth radii above? What about 3 Earth radii above? z Image Souree: Oigiral Content Practice Problem—Argumentation —_——————————————— a) Explain how Student A could use the gravitational field strength equation to argue that the gravitational field strength on the surface of the Moon might be greater than on Earth b) Explain how Student B could use this equation to argue that the gravitational field strength on the surface of the Moon might be less than on Earth. ) If you are told that the Earth's mass is 81x the mass of the Moon and the Earth's radius is 3.7x the radius of the Moon, which student's argument identifies the more significant difference?Multiple Choice ———————— The mass of a planet is 1/10" that of the Earth, but its radius is 1/2 that of the Earth. The acceleration due to gravity (gravitational field strength) on the surface of the planet is most nearly: a) 2 mis? b) 4 m/s? c) 5 mis? d) 7 m/s? e) 10 m/s? Multiple Choice ———_ The acceleration due to gravity on the surface of a planet is exactly the same as on the surface of the Earth. If the mass of the planet is twice the mass of the Earth, what is the planet's radius in terms of R, the radius of the Earth? a) R/2 b) V(2)*R/2 c) V(2)"R d)2R e)4RDemonstration ZF = m(v2/r) F,= m(v?/r) What change in tension (if any) is required to make the cart travel more quickly around the same circle? What if we double the speed? What if we triple the speed?