Art. 122.

Piracy in general and mutiny on the high seas or in Philippine waters.

The penalty of reclusion perpetua

shall be inflicted upon any person who, on the high seas or in Philippine waters,

shall attack or seize any vessel or,

not being a member of its complement nor a passenger,

shall seize the whole or part of the cargo of said vessel, its equipment, or personal belongings
of its complement or passengers.

The same penalty shall be inflicted in case of mutiny on the high seas or in Philippine waters.

Article 123.

Qualified piracy.

The penalty of reclusion temporal to death

shall be imposed upon those who commit any of the crimes referred to in the preceding article,
under any of the following circumstances:

1. Whenever they have seized a vessel by boarding or firing upon the same;

2. Whenever the pirates have abandoned their victims without means of saving
themselves; or

3. Whenever the crime is accompanied by murder, homicide, physical injuries or rape.

Article 124.

Arbitrary detention.

Any public officer or employee who, without legal grounds, detains a person, shall suffer;

1. The penalty of arresto mayor in its maximum period to prision correccional in its
minimum period, if the detention has not exceeded three days;

2. The penalty of prision correccional in its medium and maximum periods, if the
detention has continued more than three but not more than fifteen days;

3. The penalty of prision mayor, if the detention has continued for more than fifteen
days but not more than six months; and
 4. That of reclusion temporal, if the detention shall have exceeded six months.

The commission of a crime, or violent insanity or any other ailment requiring the compulsory
confinement of the patient in a hospital, shall be considered legal grounds for the detention of
any person.

Article 125.

Delay in the delivery of detained persons to the proper judicial authorities.

The penalties provided in the next preceding article

shall be imposed upon the public officer or employee who shall detain any person for some
legal ground and shall fail to deliver such person to the proper judicial authorities within the
period of;

twelve (12) hours, for crimes or offenses punishable by light penalties, or their equivalent;

eighteen (18) hours, for crimes or offenses punishable by correctional penalties, or their
equivalent and

thirty-six (36) hours, for crimes, or offenses punishable by afflictive or capital penalties, or
their equivalent.

In every case, the person detained shall be informed of the cause of his detention and shall be
allowed upon his request, to communicate and confer at any time with his attorney or counsel.

Article 148.

Direct assaults.

Any person or persons who, without a public uprising,

shall employ force or intimidation for the attainment of any of the purpose enumerated in
defining the crimes of rebellion and sedition, or

shall attack, employ force, or seriously intimidate or resist any person in authority or any of
his agents, while engaged in the performance of official duties, or on occasion of such
performance,

shall suffer the penalty of prision correccional in its medium and maximum periods and a fine
not exceeding P1,000 pesos,

when the assault is committed with a weapon or when the offender is a public officer or
employee, or when the offender lays hands upon a person in authority.

If none of these circumstances be present, the penalty of prision correccional in its minimum
period and a fine not exceeding P500 pesos shall be imposed.
 Article 149.

Indirect assaults.

The penalty of prision correccional in its minimum and medium periods and a fine not
exceeding P500 pesos

shall be imposed upon any person who shall make use of force or intimidation upon any
person coming to the aid of the authorities or their agents on occasion of the commission of
any of the crimes defined in the next preceding article.

Article 156.

Delivery of prisoners from jails.

The penalty of arresto mayor in its maximum period of prision correccional in its minimum
period

shall be imposed upon any person who shall remove from any jail or penal establishment any
person confined therein or

shall help the escape of such person, by means of violence, intimidation, or bribery.

If other means are used, the penalty of arresto mayor shall be imposed.

If the escape of the prisoner shall take place outside of said establishments by taking the
guards by surprise, the same penalties shall be imposed in their minimum period.

Article 157.

Evasion of service of sentence.

The penalty of prision correccional in its medium and maximum periods

shall be imposed upon any convict who shall evade service of his sentence by escaping during
the term of his imprisonment by reason of final judgment.

However, if such evasion or escape shall have taken place by means of unlawful entry, by
breaking doors, windows, gates, walls, roofs, or floors, or by using picklocks, false keys, deceit,
violence or intimidation, or through connivance with other convicts or employees of the penal
institution, the penalty shall be prision correccional in its maximum period.
 Article 171.

Falsification by public officer, employee or notary or ecclesiastic minister.

The penalty of prision mayor and a fine not to exceed P5,000 pesos

shall be imposed upon any public officer, employee, or notary who, taking advantage of his
official position, shall falsify a document by committing any of the following acts:

1. Counterfeiting or imitating any handwriting, signature or rubric;

2. Causing it to appear that persons have participated in any act or proceeding when
they did not in fact so participate;

3. Attributing to persons who have participated in an act or proceeding statements

other than those in fact made by them;

4. Making untruthful statements in a narration of facts;

5. Altering true dates;

6. Making any alteration or intercalation in a genuine document which changes its

meaning;

7. Issuing in an authenticated form a document purporting to be a copy of an original

document when no such original exists, or including in such a copy a statement
contrary to, or different from, that of the genuine original; or

8. Intercalating any instrument or note relative to the issuance thereof in a protocol,

registry, or official book.

The same penalty shall be imposed upon any ecclesiastical minister who shall commit any of
the offenses enumerated in the preceding paragraphs of this article, with respect to any
record or document of such character that its falsification may affect the civil status of
persons.

Article 177.

Usurpation of authority or official functions.

Any person who shall knowingly and falsely represent himself to be an officer, agent or
representative of any department or agency of the Philippine Government or of any foreign
government, or who, under pretense of official position, shall perform any act pertaining to
any person in authority or public officer of the Philippine Government or any foreign
government, or any agency thereof, without being lawfully entitled to do so,

shall suffer the penalty of prision correccional in its minimum and medium periods.

Article 200.
Grave scandal.

The penalties of arresto mayor and public censure

shall be imposed upon any person who shall offend against decency or good customs by any
highly scandalous conduct not expressly falling within any other article of this Code.