Chapter 6 - The Circulatory System

Q1) Given alongside is a diagram of human heart showing its internal

structures . label the parts marked 1 to 6, and answer the following questions.

(a) Which type of blood is carried by the blood vessel marked 2 ?

(b) Name the main artery which taked the blood from heart to different parts
of the body ?

(c) Which chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood rom the body ?

Answer:
Solution :

1. Left pulmonary artery

2. Superior vena cava
3. Left pulmonary vein
4. Right auricle
 5. Left auricle
6. Left ventricle

(a) Deoxygenated blood is carried by the blood vessel marked 2 .

(b) Aortic arc (Aorta) is the main artery which carries oxygenated blood from
heart to different parts of the body.

(c) Right atrium in the chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from
the body.

https://youtu.be/3OhXtMnQQRw
Video transcript
"hi everyone my name is neetu jacob i am a tutor at lado and welcome you all
to Lido learning so here we have a question from the chapter circulatory system
in biology all right so this is the question given alongside is a diagram of human
heart showing its internal structures label the parts marked one to six and
answer the following questions so you can see the figure of the heart and some
numbers are marked over here from one to six right so you have to label these
parts and then answer the three questions follow following questions so first
we'll mark the label the parts of the heart so you can see one that is given here
so as you know the heart is divided into two sides that is the left side and this is
the right side right the upper chambers they are called the atrium so this is the
right atrium this is the left atrium and the lower chambers they are called the
ventricles so this is the right ventricle and this is the left ventricle so as you can
see this one right yes this one is moving from the right ventricle so we know that
the blood is taken to the lungs from the right ventricle for oxygenating so that
means the deoxygenated blood is taken from the right ventricle to the lungs so
which is the which is whether uh is it the artery or vein that carries a deoxynate
and blood to the lungs yes there is an exception case among the artery that is
one is what pulmonary artery all right so pulmonary artery takes the
deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenating it okay now the second part
second part is this so here it is coming into the right atria so which is this one
the right side contains a deoxygenated blood or the impure blood so all the
blood from the body parts comes into the right a tree and what about this one
which is the vein that brings in the deoxygenated blood to the heart it is a vena
cava so this two is superior vena cava yes okay now the third part this one third
part as you can see it is moving out of the left atrin so left atrium takes the
oxygenated blood to the yes it transports oxidative blood right so this three is
the pulmonary way again that is an exceptional case in the vein uh so the usually
the vein carries deoxygenated blood but pulmonary vein carries oxygenated
blood now the fourth one fourth one is this part of the heart is the right atrium
so the fourth part is the right atrium fifth part this portion is the left a ring and
what about the sixth here is the left ventricle all right so these are the six
portions that has to be labeled now moving on to the question which type of
blood is carried by the blood vessel marked two two is a vena cava so we
negative it can it transports what type of blood deoxygenated blood it brings in
the deoxygenated blood from the different parts of the body to the heart for
purification or oxidation yes name the main artery which takes the blood from
heart to different parts of the body which is the main artery or the biggest artery
largest artery that takes the blood from the heart to different parts of the body
yes it is the iota now the last question which chamber of the heart receives the
oxygenated blood from the body yes which part they are from the body the
deoxynated blood comes into the right atrium okay yes so this is the solution for
this question i hope you understood this if you have any doubt regarding this
please comment below and do subscribe to this channel for getting regular
updates meet you next time with a new video stay tuned till then take care and
bye"
Q2) You can see some blood vessels on the outside of the hands specially in
older people. Are those veins or arteries ? How can you confirm your answer.

Answer:
Solution :

The blood vessels that we see on the outside of hands especially in older people
are the veins because arteries are deeply buried in the skin with several layers.
They are superficially present outside the skin. In older persons the skin
becomes loose as the fat below becomes less with age and vessels passing
through these areas especially on the outside of the hands become prominent.
The veins are thin and less muscular.These carry the blood to the heart veins are
placed superficially so they are visible to the eye and are prominent.The blood
in the veins will be carrying CO2 and will have many substances like sugar,amino
acids,chemicals and bacteria.

Q3) Give the functions of lymph. Differentiate between Blood and the lymph.

Answer:
Solution :

Functions of lymph are:-

 1. It supplies nutrition and oxygen to those parts of the body where blood
cannot reach.
2. It transports oxygen, hormones and nutrients to different parts of the
body and removes metabolic waste from the cells.
3. It transports antibodies and lymphocytes to the blood.
4. Maintaining the composition of tissue fluid and the volume of blood.
5. Absorption of fats from the small intestine through lymphatic vessels.
6. Prevents invasion of microbes and foreign substances inside the lymph
nodes.

Difference between lymph and blood

Lymph Blood

1. It contains blood plasma with

1. It contains blood plasma proteins and all three types of
without proteins and platelets . blood cells namely RBC,WBC and
blood platelets.

2. They are light yellow in colour 2. They are red in colour due to
and do not contain RBC’s and the presence of haemoglobin in
haemoglobin. RBC.

3. It does not carry Oxygen. 3. It carries oxygen in the body.

4. It is part of an open circulatory 4. It is part of a closed circulatory

system. system.

Q4) Name any two heart conditions that occur commonly. Briefly explain each
of them .

Answer:
Solution :

(a) High Blood Pressure:.The condition that occurs in a person when blood flows
through the blood vessels with a greater force than normal exerting a pressure
in the vessels is called high blood pressure. .
Hypertension can lead to an increased risk of developing serious conditions such
as coronary heart disease, heart attacks and strokes.

(b) Heart Failure: Heart failure, sometimes known as congestive heart

failure,occurs when heart muscles doesn't pump blood efficiently.

Certain conditions, such as narrowed arteries in heart (coronary artery disease)

or high blood pressure, gradually makes the heart too weak or stiff to pump
efficiently.

Q5)During surgical operations or during accidents, the patient may be given

blood from outside to sve his life. What is the technical name of this process ?

Briefly explain the precautions to be observed and taken in this process.

Answer:
Solution :

During surgical operation or an accident when excess bleeding takes place,the

patient may be given blood from outside to save his life.

The transfer of blood from the donor to the recipient is called blood transfusion.

The following precautions are taken before the blood is given to the needy
person:

1. Matching of the donor’s blood with that of the recipient.

2. It should be made sure clinically that the blood of the donor is free from
any infection.

Q6) State briefly, the difference between white blood cells and the red blood
cells .

Answer:

Solution :

Difference between RBC and WBC

 RBC WBC

1. White blood cells are the cells of

1. The cells that carry oxygen
the immune system that are
and carbon dioxide through the
involved in protecting the body
blood.
against infectious disease.

2. They possess haemoglobin

2. They are colourless.
and are red in colour.

3. They do not have nucleus at 3. They have a large characteristic

maturity. nucleus.

4. WBC has a short life span of 5 to

4. Life span is 120 days.
20 days.

5. Red blood cells are called 5. White blood cells are called
Erythrocytes. Leucocytes or Leukocytes.

Q7) Answer very briefly, the following :

(a) Red blood cells have no nucleus, then why do we call them cells ?

(b) Why is it necessary to know the blood groups of the donor as well as the
recepient ?

(c) Why should the blood going away from the stomach and intestines pass
through the liver and not directly to heart ?

Answer:
Solution :

(a) Red blood cells do not have a nucleus because it provides a large surface area
so that it can carry oxygen to all parts of our body.
For calling something a cell does not mean that it should contain a nucleus. If
nucleus was present in a RBC then it would be not so supportive in carrying
oxygen as it does.

Haemoglobin present in the RBC carries oxygen as a result more haemoglobin a

RBC consist, more effective it will be in carrying and transporting oxygen.

(b) It is very important to match blood group of donors and recipient person
before blood transfusion because:

In the situation where donor’s and receivers blood groups are not matched the
receiver's body begins to prepare the antibodies against the donor’s blood
antigens.

(c) Because the blood passing from intestines and stomach contain simple sugars
and amino acids.So first in the liver amino acids must be first broken down to
glucose and urea and then blood containing these simple sugars is sent to heart
via the post caval vein and urea is sent out of the body.therefore blood passes
to liver via hepatic portal vein and then to heart.

Q8) Name the three kinds of blood vessels found in human beings . With the
help of suitable diagrams , differentiate between them.

Answer:
Solution :

The three kinds of blood vessels found in human beings are arteries,veins and
arterioles.

1. Arteries are the blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the
various parts of the body.
2. Veins are the blood vessels that carry blood from the body parts to the
heart.
3. Capillaries are the smallest of the body’s blood vessels.These are the
terminal branches of an artery,which rejoin to form a vein.A capillary is a
very narrow tube whose walls have a single layer of cells with no muscles.
Differences:

Arteries:

4. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body.
5. Arteries are strong,flexible blood vessels that are able to expand and
contract.
6. Have thick and more muscular walls.
7. The blood flows with jerks and under great force.

Veins:

8. Veins carry deoxygenated blood from your body to your heart.

9. Veins are less flexible than arteries.
10.Have thin and less muscular walls.
11.The blood flows smoothly and under little pressure.

Capillaries:

12.Capillaries are very tiny blood vessels, so small that a single red blood cell
can barely fit through them.
13.They allow oxygen and nutrients to flow to nearby tissue.
 14.The walls of the capillaries are very thin and are on cell deep.
15.They help to connect arteries and veins in addition to facilitating the
exchange of certain elements between blood and tissues.

Q1) Put a tick mark against the correct alternative in the following statements:

(a)The only artery which carries deoxygenated blood is called,

1. Hepatic artery
2. Pulmonary artery
3. Aorta
4. Renal artery

(b) Pulmonary vein carries

1. Oxygenated blood
2. Deoxygenated blood
3. Glucose-deficient blood
4. CO2 laden blood

(c) The function of WBCs is to

1. Transport Oxygen
2. Help in the clotting of blood
3. Provide immunity
4. Provide storage of blood

(d) Blood capillary is a

1. Broad tube
2. An artery with thick wall
3. Vein with a large lumen
4. A narrow tube made up of endothelium only.

(e) The nucleus is absent in :

1. RBCs
2. WBCs
3. All blood cells
4. Liver cells

(f) Sphygmomanometer measures:

 1. Pulse Rate
2. Heart Beat
3. Blood Pressure
4. Brain activity

(g) The blood tastes saltish due to the presence of dissolved

1. Sodium chloride
2. Potassium Chloride
3. Ammonium Chloride
4. Sodium nitrate

Answer:
Solution :

(a) 2. Pulmonary artery

(b) 1. Oxygenated blood

(c) 3. Provide immunity

(d) 4. Narrow tube made up of endothelium only

(e) 1. RBCs

(f) 3. Blood pressure

(g) 1. Sodium Chloride

https://youtu.be/EcJnzI8JnCs
Video transcript
hi everyone my name is neetu jacob i am a tutor at lado and welcome you all to
leader learning here we have an mcq from the chapter circulatory system okay
so put a tick mark against the correct alternative in the following statements so
the first statement is the only artery which carries the oxygenated blood is called
hepatic artery pulmonary artery iota renal artery usually the artery carries
oxygenated blood and the veins carry deoxygenated blood but there is one
exception in both cases that is one artery carries the oxygenated blood and that
is the pulmonary artery so that is the correct answer for the first question now
the second one the pulmonary vein carries so first question the pulmonary
artery carries deoxinated blood then what will pulmonary vein carry yes the
pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood okay now moving on to the next one
the function of wbc white blood cells is to transport oxygen help in the clotting
of blood provide immunity and provide storage of blood what is the function of
wbc it is to provide immunity yes now the next one the blood capillary is a broad
tube an artery with thick wall vein with large lumen a narrow tube made up of
endothelium only so capillary tubes they're very narrow tubes right so the
current option is four that is it is a narrow tube made of endothelium only next
one the nucleus is absent in red blood cells that is rbcs wbcs white blood cells all
blood cells liver cells nucleus is absent in which cell is absent in our bcs red blood
cells moving on the next one sphygmomanometer measures a pulse rate
heartbeat blood pressure brain activity so this instrument is used for measuring
the blood pressure okay next the last one the blood tastes saltish due to the
presence of dissolved sodium chloride potassium chloride ammonium chloride
and sodium nitrate yes saltish we are familiar with one salt that is present in our
body that is sodium chloride so these are the answers for these mcqs i hope you
understood this if you have any doubt please comment below and subscribe to
this channel for getting regular updates meet you next time with a new video
stay tuned till then take care and bye
Q2) Give any three differences between an artery and a vein.

Answer:
Solution :

Artery Vein

1. Arteries carry blood from the 1. Veins carry blood from

heart to various body parts. different body parts to the heart.

2. These carry oxygenated 2. These carry deoxygenated

blood(except the pulmonary blood (except the pulmonary
artery). vein).

3. Blood flows with high speed 3. Blood flows with low speed
under high pressure. under low pressure.

https://youtu.be/6fxKsNe182c
Video transcript
Hi everyone, my name is nito jacob I Am a tutor at lido and welcome you all to
Lido learning here we have a question from the chapter circulator system so the
question is to give any three differences between an artery and the weight is
okay we have to find out any give any three differences between an artery and
a weight so that is a Question: so we'll see the first difference. between artery
and wing okay so what is the first difference what can you tell about artery main
what is the main difference between an artery and a vein Yes, the artery it
carries blood from the heart to various parts of the body right what about the
vein just the opposite? that is what it carries blood from different parts of the
body to the heart alright so that is the first the difference now moving on to the
The second difference is the blood arteries carrying the blood from the heart to
various parts of the body okay so we can say that it carries Oxygenated blood
right so oxygenated blood is distributed to various parts of the body but there is
an exception in this case that is a pulmonary artery the pulmonary artery carries
the oxygenated blood that is an exceptional case Similarly, for vein we can say
that it carries the oxygenated blood and again There's an exception that is
except the pulmonary the vein which carries oxygenated blood alright so that is
the second difference now moving on to the third one in an artery in the blood
flows at high speed it is flowing in with the high speed and also under high
pressure okay yes but what about the vein the blood flows with just the opposite
so the blood flows with low speed under law pressure okay so these are the
main three differences between artery and wave all right So I hope you
understood this question. the The solution for this one is very easy uh if you
have any doubts regarding this please comment below and subscribe to this
channel to get regular updates see you next time with a new video stay tuned
till then take care and bye
Q3) Fill in the blanks :

(a) The two lower chambers of the heart are called __________.

(b) The__________ artery takes the blood from the ventricles to the lungs.

(c) The blood loaded with carbon dioxide from the body comes into the
__________ of the heart.

(d) The oxygen-rich blood from the lungs comes into the __________ of the
heart.

(e) The oxygen-rich blood is pumped into different parts of the body through
__________.
(f) The carbon-dioxide loaded blood from the right ventricle is pumped into
the lungs through __________ artery.

(g) The instrument used to find out the blood pressure is known as
__________.

(h)The colour of a red blood cell is due to __________.

(i) The blood plasma contains a dissolved substance called __________.

(j) The liquid part of coagulated blood is known as __________.

Answer:
Solution :

(a) ventricles

(b) pulmonary

(c) right auricle

(d) left ventricle

(e) aorta

(f) pulmonary

(g) sphygmomanometer

(h) haemoglobin

(i) fibrinogen

(j) serum

https://youtu.be/mpela4A2m3w
Video transcript
"hi everyone my name is neetu jacob i'm a tutor at lado and welcome you all to
Lido learning here we have a question from the chapter circulatory system in
biology as you can see this is a fill in the s question so i'll take you through the
question now the first question is the two lower chambers of the heart are called
it is very easy right the lower chambers of the heart they are called as what the
ventricles all right yes now the b part the dash artery takes the blood from the
ventricles to the lungs so from the ventricles to the lungs for oxygenating the
blood which artery takes the blood or which artery takes a deoxynated blood
yes this is a exceptional case in the case of artery right only the pulmonary artery
takes the oxygenated blood okay the blood loaded with carbon dioxide from the
body comes into the dash of the heart the deoxygenated blood from the
different parts of the body it comes into the right oracle of the heart okay now
the oxygen-rich blood from the lungs comes into the dash of the heart the blood
that is having lot of oxygen it is pumped from the lungs into the dash of the heart
which part of the heart yes the left ventricle of the heart the oxygen-rich blood
is pumped into the different parts of the body through which artery iota right
iota is the largest artery that is present in the body it takes the oxygenated blood
from the heart to different parts of the body through its branches now the
carbon dioxide loaded blood that is a deoxinated blood from the right ventricle
is pumped into the lungs through the dash artery this is same as a second
question the answer is pulmonary artery the only artery which carries the
oxygenated blood is a pulmonary artery next one the instrument used to find
out the blood pressure is known as dash which is the instrument that that is used
to find out blood pressure yes it is sphygmo manometer yeah next one the color
of the red blood cell that is rbc is due to the dash why is the color red for an rbc
it is because of the presence of hemoglobin okay the blood plasma contains a
dissolved substance called which is called as fibrinogen the dissolved substance
in the blood plasma is called as fibrinogen the liquid we are moving on to the
last question the liquid part of the coagulated blood is known as dash so when
the blood is floating you or you can see a liquid part right so that liquid part is
called as the serum all right so i hope you understood this uh solution if you have
any doubt regarding this please comment below and do subscribe to this
channel for getting regular updates meet you next time with a new video till
then take care and bye"
Q4) In which organ of our body does blood get oxygenated ?

Answer:
Solution :

The right ventricle pumps the blood to the lungs where it becomes oxygenated.
The oxygenated blood is brought back to the heart by the pulmonary veins which
enter the left atrium .Oxygenation takes place in the lungs.

https://youtu.be/laJ2TR2y5LM
Video transcript
"hi everyone my name is neetu jacob i am a tutor at lado and welcome you all
to lido learning here we have a question from the chapter circulatory system
and the question goes like this in which organ of our body does blood get
oxygenated okay so as this is from the circulatory system it is about the blood
the heart and all so we have to tell we have to find out which organ is responsible
for making the blood oxygenated it is very clear right yes so what happens from
the heart the right ventricle right from the right ventricle of the heart the blood
get pumped into the lungs by the pulmonary artery that is a pulmonary artery
takes the blood the oxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to
the lungs now what happens there the lungs the blood gets oxygenated right so
the blood gets oxygenated and this blood is brought back to the heart rate it is
brought back to the heart for distribution to other parts of the body so this is
brought back by which awain the pulmonary by the pulmonary vein which enters
which part of the heart the left atrium so in effect we can say that the
oxygenation of the blood takes place in which organ yes takes place in the in the
lungs okay yes so i hope you understood this this is a simple question right yes
if you have any doubt regarding this please feel free to comment below this
video and do subscribe to this channel for getting regular updates meet you next
time with a new video stay tuned till then take care and bye "
Q5) Which side of the heart ( left or right ) contains oxygenated blood ?

Answer:
Solution :

The left side of the heart contains oxygenated blood.

https://youtu.be/x0dx4s0En4w
Video transcript
"hi everyone my name is nitu jacob i am a tutor at ledo and welcome you all to
Lido learning we have a question here from the chapter circulatory system in
biology so i'll read out the question for you which side of the heart left or right
contains oxygenated blood so what is the question you have to tell which side
of the heart contains blood it is a very simple question right we have to just tell
which side of the heart so we know that the oxygenated blood comes to the left
side of the heart or we can say the left side of the heart contains oxygenated
blood yes all right so that's it it's a very simple question i hope you understood
this if you have any doubt please comment below and don't forget to forget to
subscribe to this channel for getting regular updates meet you next time with a
new video take care till then bye"
Q6) What is the role of haemoglobin in the blood ?

Answer:
Solution :

The major function of haemoglobin is the transportation of oxygen from lungs

to all tissues of the body. Haemoglobin is the respiratory pigment which is
formed of the iron containing part known as haem and protein part known as
globin.

https://youtu.be/AXsDOT94MFg
Video transcript
"hi everyone my name is nito jacob i'm a tutor at lado and welcome you all to
no learning the question that we have here is what is the role of hemoglobin in
the blood so we know that hemoglobin is a part of blood right so what is the role
of hemoglobin in the blood or the function of hemoglobin in the blood that is
the question so what is the role of hemoglobin in the blood yes the major
function is a transportation of oxygen from lungs to all tissues of the body okay
so that can be written as a major function so what is the major function major
function is the transportation of oxygen from the lungs to all tissues of the body
so that is a major function of hemoglobin that is present in the blood that is
transfer of transportation of oxygen all right and this hemoglobin it is also called
as a respiratory pigment because this provides the oxygen to all tissues of the
body and it is formed out of the iron containing part the iron containing part is
called as heme heap out of this hemoglobin you can divide it into two parts that
is the iron containing part known as heme okay and the second part is the
protein part the protein containing part which is called as the globe so
hemoglobin content contains iron as well as protein and thus it got the name
hemoglobin from heme and global and it is called as a respiratory pigment also
the major function is a transportation of oxygen from lungs to all tissues of the
body and also the presence of hemoglobin gives red color to the blood the rbcs
are red in color because of the presence of hemoglobin yes so i hope you
understood this question if you have any doubt regarding this please feel free
to comment below this video and do subscribe to this channel for getting regular
updates meet you next time with a new video stay tuned till then take care and
bye "
Q7) Name the disease in which the number of platelets reduces to 25,000 -
30,000 per cubic mm of blood. State its major symptoms .

Answer:
Solution :

Dengue fever is one such disease in which the number of platelets get reduced
to as low as 25-30 thousands per cubic mm of blood. The major symptoms of
dengue are high fever, rashes or red spots on body,nausea or vomiting, pain in
abdomen,back, or back of the eyes and muscles.

https://youtu.be/5VsBB-BQM7s
Video transcript
Hi everyone, my name is neetu jacob I'm a tutor at lido and welcome you all to
lido learning the question here is naming the disease in which the number of
platelets reduces to 25 000 30 000 per cubic millimeter of blood state its major
symptoms so what is the disease where the platelet count is reduced to 25 000
to 30 000 per cubic millimeter of blood and you have to state the major
symptoms of the disease also it is a very famous disease right which is a disease
where the platelet counts gets reduced Yes, it is dengue fever so dengue fever
is one such disease. where the platelet count reduces and what are the
symptoms symptoms of dingo fever are high fever rashes may appear rashes or
red spots on the body nausea or vomiting then pain in the abdomen back then
the back of the eye as well as muscle pain will also be there alright so these are
the symptoms that has a very high fever then rashes or red spots on the body
might cause nausea or vomiting might be there and also a pain in the abdomen
or back the back of the eye muscles etc so these are the basic symptoms of dingo
fever where the platelet count is reduced to 25 000 to 30 000 per cubic
millimeter of blood alright so I hope you understood this if you have any doubts
regarding this please comment below Also, don't forget to subscribe to this
channel to get regular updates hope you enjoyed the video, meet you next time
with the new one till then stay tuned take care and bye