East Europe Sourcebook

Erin Tabakovic (Order #36286371)
Information is vital to any military campaign. Without it, armies blindly wander without real objective:
blundering into the enemy by chance, with no opportunity for advance planning or preparation. The Eas
Europe,Sourcebook for Twilight: 2000 gives you the information you need to know about the centrz
theater of the Twilight War.
Eastern Europe was, without a doubt, the “center stage” of the Twilight War. It was in Eastern Europe th;
the armies of every major belligerent met; it was in Eastern Europe that the war lasted the longest; and
was in Eastern Europe where the devastation of war was greatest. The East Europe Sourcebook provide
a chapter on each of the nations of the region, giving a short summary of the nation’s history, geography
and ethnic make-up. The state of each nation as of the year 2000 is described, and its military forces plottei
on an individual situation map. Nations covered include Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Ukrainc
the Czech and Slovak Republics, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey, Greece, and the splintered remain:
of the former nat on of Yugoslavia. . .
..
More than 30 military vehicles are detailed, illustrated, and described in game terms, including the majo
vehicles used by the nations of the region, all fully updated to Twilight: 2000, version 2.2. The vehicli
pages concentrate on the non-Russian members of the Warsaw Pact, covering Romanian, Yugoslavian
Czech, Hungarian, and Polish military vehicles ranging from the Hungarian FUG scout car to the Romania1
TR-85 main battle tank. If that weren’t enough, the East Europe Sourcebnk s a detailed full
color map of Eastern Europe, and two short adventures set in the region.
ISBN 1-55878-163-3
CopyrightOl994GDW, Inc
All rights reserved.

.......
2
e.

. .
Design: Craig Sheeley

Development: Loren Wiseman
Development Assistance: David Nilsen
Art Direction: Kirk Wescom
Cover Map: Courtesy of the Defense Mapping Agency
Interior Art: Bradley K. McDevitt
Vehicle Illustrations: Bradley K. McDevitt and Michael Doyle
Graphic Design and Production: Bradley K. McDevitt and Kirk Wescom
Typesetting: Stephen Olle
Proofreading: Anne Bedard and Stephen Olle
The maps reproduced in this product are courtesy of the Defense Mapping Agency. This product is not
sponsored or endorsed by the United States Defense Department or the Defense MappingAgency. These
charts should not be used for the navigation of aircraft.
East Europe SourcebookTM

ISBN 1-55878-163-3
Made in USA. Printed in USA. All rights reserved
East Europe Sourcebookm is copyright@1994, GDW, Inc.
East Europe Sourcebookm is GDW's trademark for its sourcebook for the Twilight: 2000TMuniverse.
Twilight: 20Wm is GDWs trademark for its roleplaying game of the Third World War.
P.O. Box 1646

Bloornington, IL 61 702-1 646

INTRODUCTION................................................ 5 VEHICLES
M977 HEMTT 1O-Ton Truck ........................................... 70
THE COUNTRIES BMP-3 ............................................................................. 71
The Baltic Countries .......................................................... 6 BMP-23 IFV .................................................................... 72
Russia ............................................................................. 13 BOV-M 4x4 ..................................................................... 73
Poland ............................................................................. 18 Fuchs APC ..................................................................... 74
Czechoslovakia ............................................................... 25 FV-510 Warrior ............................................................... 75
Hungary .......................................................................... 29 M-80/BVP M80 ............................................................... 76
Romania ......................................................................... 32 M2A2 Bradley ................................................................. 77
Ukraine ........................................................................... 36 M1 13A3 .......................................................................... 78
Bulgaria ........................................................................... 41 Leonidas APC ................................................................. 79
Albania ............................................................................ 45 M-60P ............................................................................. 80
The Yugoslavian Splinters ............................................... 48 Saurer 4K 4FA-G1 & G2 ................................................. 81
Greece ............................................................................ 53 TAB-72 ........................................................................... 82
Turkey ............................................................................. 57 TAB-77 ........................................................................... 83
Type 531 ......................................................................... 84
ADVENTURES M93 Fox NBC Reconnaissance Vehicle ......................... 85
The 8-Ball Division .......................................................... 60 M1097 HHV (Heavy Hummer Variant) ........................... 86
Czech Mate ..................................................................... 66 M8 AGS .......................................................................... 87
OT-62A/TOPAS & OT-62BTTOPAS-2A .......................... 88
OT-62C/TOPAS-2AP ...................................................... 89
OT-65/FUG ..................................................................... 90
PSZH-IV/OT-66 .............................................................. 91
PT-76 .............................................................................. 92
Challenger 2 ................................................................... 93
Leopard 2(1) .................................................................... 94
M-84 ............................................................................... 9~
M1A2 .............................................................................. 96
T-90 ................................................................................ 97
TR-85 .............................................................................. 98
Dana (Vzor 77) 152mm SPH .......................................... 99
M53/59 SPAA ............................................................... 100
VEHICLE RATINGS........................................ io1

East Europe Sourcebook GDW

GDW East Europe Sourcebook
Introduction PRICE LIST

Three of the weapons mentioned in this sourcebook are not
Information is vital to any military campaign. Without it, armies covered in Twilight: 2000 version 2.2. Their performance ratings
blindly wander without real objectives, blundering into the enemy are given on the relevant vehicle pages; their price, weight, and
by chance, with no opportunity for advance planning or prepara- availability codes are given below for the weapons themselves
tion. This sourcebook deals with the military situation in the 17 (where relevant) and their associated ammunition.
nations of East Europe as of 1 July 2000, with an eye toward
providing Twilight: 2000 referees and playerswith the information MG-42 MG
they need to run their campaigns. The MG-42 is a WWll German design that heavily influenced
Why East Europe?The OriginalTwilight: 2000 campaign began almost every subsequent machinegun, the US M60 in particular.
there because that was the central theater of the war. Every major The version used in the game is one manufacturedby Yugoslavia
belligerent had troops on the ground there, and by 2000 most of during the post-WWII period. The weapon can be mounted on a
them still do. East Europe is where it all began, and it remains the tripod (NLT) but is most commonly used with a bipod when not in
most popular campaign setting for the game. The military situation a vehicle mounting.
in East Europe is wide open, and gives referees a wide variety of Wf: 12 kg
options to choose from, allowing them to take almost any approach Price: $1 400 (S/R)
to a campaign they wish. Characters can justifiably be of almost 8mmM (7.92x57mm Mauser): Used in the MG-42 MG.
any nationality, thrown together by whatever circumstances the Wf: 10 kg per case of 3x1 OO-round belts (30 rounds per kg).
referee dictates. Adventuring groups can have a wide variety of Price:$30 per case (S/S).
equipment and weapons, facilitating interest and involvement by
both players and referees. 76.2mm Gun
The 76.2mm gun used on the PT-76 amphibious light tank is a
BACKGROUND
Each chapter deals with a single country (except for the Balkan WWll Sovietweapon,widely usedonvehiclesofthatera, but rather
countries and the nations resulting from the breakup of the former outdated by 2000.
Yugoslavia). The entry for a given country contains a short sum- 76.2mm APHE:
mary of that particularcountry, placing it in historical, demographic, Wf: 7 kg
and economic perspectivewith the other nations in the region and Price: $800 (WS)
in the world. Each nation has a map showing the position of military 76.2mm HEAT:
forces within (and sometimes without) its borders,and showing the Wt: 4 kg
borders themselves where these have shifted. The major troop Price: $750 (R/S)
movements of the war are outlined, along with the general course 76.2mm HVAP:
Wf: 3 ky
of the war in that area. In keeping with past sourcebooks, all
Price: $900 ( 4 R )
information is as of 1 July 2000, so that individual campaigns will
have a benchmark in time from which to proceed. 76.2mm HE:
Wf: 6 kg
CHRONOLOGY Price: $700 (WS)
The chronology in version 2.2 is aslight variation fromTwilight:
2000 2nd edition, and a considerable modification of the original 82mm Recoilless Rifle
version of thegame. Everything is historical up untilAugust of 1991, This weapon is mounted on the OT-62BflOPAS-2A. It can also
when the Soviet coup was defeated. In our hypothetical timeline, be used on a PHT mount as a separate heavy weapon, but this is
the coup succeeds, and we are freed from the need to constantly usually done only by militias and irregular forces (regular armies
modify our game "history" as the years pass and events overtake have better support weapons at their disposal).
our game chronology. Thesituation representedby thegameas ofthe Wt: 91 kg (includes PHT)
year 2000 remains constant through all of the various chronologies. Price: $30,000 ( 4 R )
It is not necessary to have version 2.2 of Twilight: 2000 in order 82mmR HE:
to use thissourcebook (althoughit is highly recommended).In fact, Wf:11 kg
we have included the tables on pages 101-103 specifically for Price: $950 ( 4 s )
people who do not have version 2.2, in order to give them the
updated vehicle ratings. The vehicles in version 2.2 were updated SCALE CORRECTION
and slightly modified to bring them into line with the most recent The separate map for East Europe Sourcebook was reduced
information available at the time of printing, and slightly reorga- from the original, and the scale is incorrect. The correct ratio is
nized to make them more useful in play. Conspicuous by its 1:7,000,000 (1 cm = 70 krn), and the following should be used:
absence is the LAV-75, a proposed vehicle design that never got
much past the drawing board, but which we included in the original
game because it looked interesting.The LAV-75joins the Sergeant
U
York SPAAsystem and the M1A2 "Giraffe" in the limbo of Twilight: 5Qkm
2000vehicles that have been overtaken by reality (this is aproblem
with any speculative writing).
5

The three nations at the northwestern-most tip of the Soviet didn't cause trouble, the Kremlin hard-liners were happy to leave
Union have been distinct and normally independentnationsfor the them alone.Tied economicallyto the rest of the Soviet Union, Baltic
majority of their history. Despite their close proximity, the resources supplies and products continued to flow eastward, purchased to
possessed by each have dictated different life-styles and econo- support the war effort.
mies for each nation. The "come as you are" war developing out of Poland also left the
For most of their modern history, the three nations have coop- Baltics relatively untouched. The only direct assaults on Baltic soil
erated economically. The diversity of their three economic bases were the tactical nuclear strike on Riga, capital of Latvia, and a
leaves each one of the three nations needing the other two. cruise missile that nuked the fission power plant at Ignalina, in
The peoples of these nations have a long history of stubborn Lithuania.
independence, willing to fight oppressors when they could. Lead- Collateral damage from the war was much more devastating.
ers in the abortive freedom movement of the 1980s, they declared Deprived of the major market of the Soviet Union, there was no
themselves independent as soon as the Soviet Union's control place to trade Lithuanian produce, Latvian wood products, and
collapsed. Estonianoil. In addition, the influx of machineparts, ores, vehicles,
The three countries share similar terrain as well. The Baltics chemicals, and other material stopped dead, along with the rest of
consist of alternating swamps and dense forests. While these are the Soviet economy. Baltic industries shut down, deprived of the
materials to work and a reason to work. The destruction of the
charmingly sinister in fairy tales, they are less attractive in real life.
Driving and maintaining transportation links through this territory lgnalina fission plant deprived most of Latvia and Lithuania of
has always been aproblem, and military operations are practically electrical power. With no more oil to fire boilers,the powerplantwas
impossible. Only afew highways and rail lines penetratethe forest, the last source of commercialpower. Only the Estoniansmanaged
making all transport difficult. to hang on to some vestiges of prewar life, using the country's oil
shale for fuel. The hard winter of 1998 and disease decimated the
HISTORY population:The Baltics went from a total of almost 8 million people
The Baltic states were part of other countries for centuries. to scarcely 2 million.
Estonia had been under the Czars' thumb from the 1600% Latvia Today the Baltic nations are small, sparsely inhabitedcountries
and Lithuania had been parts of Sweden, Poland, or Russia at of isolated rural villages and very few functioning cities. The
different times. In 1918 ,the countries were granted independence populace lives largely the same sort of life that their ancestors did,
from the Russians (although Latvia had to fight for actual indepen- struggling against the elements to raise enough food to survive.
dence until 1922), and remained separate from the new Soviet Fortunately, the remnants of war are far to the east and west,
Union for aspace of years. Under the terms of the German/Soviet otherwise life would be a lot more difficult that it is, as none of the
Non-Aggression Pact, Soviet forces reoccupied them in 1939- nations have a standing army to speak of.
1940. This sat poorly with the countries' population, and many
fought against the Soviets. The Estonians were particularly anti- PEOPLE
Russian: The German Wehrmacht included several Estonian ally The people of the Baltics are largely Slavic Caucasians. Like
divisions, and some Estonianscontinued the fight into the 1950s in most of the embattledpeoples of the new world of the 21st century,
a guerrilla war, calling themselves the "forest brethren." Arrayed they are close and wary with strangers, but are well-meaning
against the might of the Soviet Union, their war didn't last very long. enough if they are convinced of friendship and good intentions.
When the independence movement of the '80s started, the Religion has always been important to these people. In the hard
Baltics began to hope that they might be freed from their position, times of the present world situation, it has assumed even more
and took part in the protests of the time, sufferingtroops moving into importance. In the case of the Baltics, religious differences, in
their cities to preserve order. Lithuania was first, overthrowing the addition to cultural differences, have been divisive.
Soviet rule through democratic elections, and suffered the worst,
with troops occupying cities and seizing all internal communica-
tions. As conditions worsened in the rest of the USSR, the troops Estonia
were withdrawn, and Lithuania achieved practical independence.
The dissolution of the Warsaw Pact and the subsequent chaos in GEOGRAPHY
Moscow prompted a Baltic Declaration of Independence, where Estonia is positioned at the tip of the Baltics, with the Soviet
Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania denounced the new hard-line gov- Union to the east and Latvia to the south. The country is dotted with
ernment as illegal, and declared that the entire Soviet Union was small cities at intervals, separated by the forests and swamps.
to be dissolved. Each was linkedto the others by rail, and in some cases, highways.
The warwith China hardly touched the Baltics. As long as they Thosecities that remain in usearethecapital,Tallinn, and thecities

East EuroDe Sourcebook GDW

East Europe Sourcebook
of Narva, on the old Russian border, Kohtlajarve, on the north ESTONIANS

coast, Tartu, deep in the interior, Parnu and Haapsalu, on the Gulf The people of Estonia are more Slavic than Russian. The local
of Riga, and Sarevere, between Tallinn and Tartu. language is Estonian, in the Finnic group of the Altaic family (see
Twilight: 2000, page 47). The most predominant religion is Evan-
TRANSPORTATION gel ical Lutheran.
In Estonia, all roads lead to Tallinn. The roads east to Narva, Most Estonians are somewhat anti-Russian. After all, Estonia
west to Haapsalu, and south to Parnu, Sarevere, and Tartu are still was so violently anti-Russianthat the Germanswere able to recruit
maintained and in decent shape, as are the rail lines paralleling Estoniansto fight the Soviet Union, and Estonianguerrillascontin-
these roads. Other roads exist as deteriorated blacktop or as ued to fight after World War II.
crumbling tracks. Since most of the vehicle traffic along the roads The heavy Protestant influence in Estonia has produced some
is animal-drawn, this is sufficient. bad blood with Lithuania (the difference in the way Lithuaniawas
The Estonian rails are well-used, and a government-run train treated by the Germans had something to do with it, too). Latvia’s
company keeps acollection of makeshift steam engines (fueled by mixed population serves as a buffer between Estonian and
oil distilled from oil shale) and rollingstock moving along those rails. Lithuanian hatreds.
For many of the small settlements in the interior, the trains are the Because of their urbanization, average Estonians consider
only contact with any outside civilization. Without the trains, oil themselves superior to, or at least more sophisticated than, their
shale could not be shipped from the country’s interior to Tallinn, nor southern neighbors. Estonian industries also mean that the aver-
could manufactured supplies be shipped back to the interior from age Estonian has more possessions than the average Latvian or
the capital. Russian.Where agun and plenty of ammo would be considered a
luxury, an Estonian considers it a moderately expensive tool.
POPULATION
The Estonian populaceis more urbanthan that of the other Baltic GOVERNMENT
states. The capital ofTallinn and the city of Tartu still have electrical The government of Estonia is an elected legislative body,
power for industrial use, thanks to theirshale-crackingplants.Ofan composed of representatives from the various cities. Rural Esto-
estimated population of 500,000 people, more than 300,000 live in nians have the right to vote, but must travel to a city (or cast their
cities. Specific populationdistributionis as fol1ows:Tallinn(165,000), votes via rail mail) to do so. The number of representatives is
Tartu (70,000), Narva (25,000),Kohtlajarve (lO,OOO), Parnu determined by the population of each city, one representative per
(15,000), Haapsalu (10,000), Sarevere (5000). The rest of the 5000 votes, and the legislative body meets in Tallinn.
population lives in small settlements along the rail lines. Actual government authority extends to control of the railroad,
dictating shale-mining and oil-refining quotas, command over the
INDUSTRY AND ECONOMY army, and setting import tariffs. The actual job of making things
Estonia’s main industry is the mining and refining of oil-bearing work is left up to privatecompanies and businessesin afree market
shale. The country’s oil shale deposits comprised 60% of the economy. There is a printed paper currency based off the old ruble
former Soviet Union’s oil-shale supply. In an age where petroleum system, but most people prefer barter-it‘s not taxable-and retain
is scarce, Estonia is rich. Cracking and refining plants are present their rubles for purchasinggovernment services, such as passage
in Tallinn and Tartu. Most of the refining is done at Tallinn, after the on the railroad.
shale is shipped north by rail. Estonia has other natural resources,
forestry and phosphate mining, but the oil businesscarries most of ARMED FORCES
the country’s economy with it. The refined oil, largely industrial Estonia’s armed forces consist of relatively few soldiers, largely
lubricants, is shipped south by train or loaded onto boats at Tallinn acting as guards for the railroads and highways.Since Estoniahas
for trade with Konigsberg and the rest of East Europe. If new motor no real external enemies, its army keeps internal peace, sort of
oil is ever encountered in East Europe, it probably came from glorified sheriffs. There is the possibility of armed threat from
Estonia. Lithuania, but poor economic conditions and the presence of the
Estonia does possess enough shale to expand its industry into 26th Guards in Riga make such a threat unlikely.
making petroleum fuels, but prefers not to. After all, a great many In case of actual war, the Estonians are expected to rise to the
vehicles will run on alcohol, but you can only recondition oil so defense of their homeland, swelling the army with guerrilla volunteers.
often.. . Subordination: None
There are other industries in Estonia. At one time, Estonia Current Location: Estonia
was one of the Soviet Union’s largest producers of commercial Manpower: 750
goods. Enough machinery remains in the cities to produce a Tanks: None
trickle of ammunition, firearms, machine parts, and even furni-
ture! All thanks to industrial electrical power and comparatively
healthy trade with Finland (Helsinki is only about 85 kilometers Latvia
away) and Konigsberg, which supplies the raw materials for
Estonia’s factories. GEOGRAPHY
Estonia lacks vehicle-manufacturingindustry, and has to rely on Latvia is the middle Baltic state, bordered on the north by
machining parts for old trucks and cars, as well as having the odd Estonia, on the south by Lithuania, and on the east by the Soviet
vehicle imported from Konigsberg. Union. Like its northern neighbor, it is a country filled with swamps
9
10

and forests, its small cities linked to the capital, Riga, by roads and
found it easier to let them make up their own defenses. During the
rails. Only afew settled areas remain: Riga (though some of it was war, the Soviet Union raised a Category Ill motorizeddivision from
demolished by nukes), Ventspils, Jurmala, and Liepaja on the Latvia, largely from the people of Riga. When Riga was damaged
coast, Jelgavato thesouth, Daugavpilstotheextremesoutheast,and by nuclear weapons, the 26th Guards Motorized Rifle Division
the settlements of Strenci and Sigulda along the north-south railroad.
decided that it had had enough of the war and revolted, returning
to Riga as a self-appointed defense force. The 26th is the largest
TRANSPORTATION military presence in the region, and the Latvians are justifiably
Latvia has always been poor in terms of motor vehicles. This proud of it, straining their poor economy to maintain their troops.
situation merely intensified when petroleum became unavailable. The 26th is not a luxury. Thecommand of the Soviet 11th Guards
Most of the transport in Latvia is now done by either boat or animal Army has plans to bring Latvia back into the Soviet fold, and the
transport-the roads, poor as they are, are still good enough to 26th is not the only military presence in the country. The 40th
allow wagons and beasts of burden. And since the farthest journey GMRDat Jelgavawasonlydefeatedayearago, and the40th MRD
to Daugavpils is only 160 kilometersfrom Riga, these trips take less is still an annoying nuisance at Jekabpils (although it is largely
than a week. contained by partisans). The real threat is the 107th MRD, which
There is one active rail link through Latvia, the railroad from retreated to its homeland after the summer assault of 2000 drove
Estonia to Lithuania. It passes through Riga. it from Poland. At the moment, the 107th and the 26th have an
uneasy truce, a tense situation which bothers the citizens of Riga.
POPULATION The addition of the American 8th Infantry at Bauska serves to
Latvia’s urban centers cannot support most of its population. complicate the situation.
The coastline between Riga and Jurmala is lined with the houses
of fishermen, creating a sort of rural suburb of the two cities. The 26th Guards Motorized Rifle Division
bulk of the country’s estimated900,000 people either live along the The 26th Guards remains near Riga as the self-appointed army of
coast, fishing, or farm in the country’s interior, mostly along the Latvia. With the Soviet-loyal40th Guards and the 40th MRD sitting at
southern rail corridor. Urban populations are as follows: Riga Jelgava and Jekabpils respectively, the 26th’~mission is clear.
(205,000),Daugavpils (20,000), Liepaja(35,000), Jelgava (30,000), Subordination: None
Jurmala (20,000), Ventspils (27,000). Current Location: Riga, Latvia
Manpower: 4000
INDUSTRY AND ECONOMY Tanks: 28 T-72s
Latviaused to have a vigorous industrial economy. The ravages
of war have all but put paid to this, reducing the little country to 40th Guards Motorized Rifle Division
poverty. There are still some ironworks in the interior, retrieving A Catsgory Ill division from the Baltic MD, the 40th Guards was
bog-iron from the swamps, but for the most part the Latvians activated in December 1996. The division was not used in the
survive by fishing and farming, trying togatherenough food to have European war, however. Instead, it was given the order to attack
a trade surplus so that they can barter for machined goods from and defeat the renegade 26th Guards, returning Latvia to Soviet
Estonia. control! In 1999, the two clashed near the ruins of Riga, and the
40th Guards was mauled. The division returned to Jelgava and
LATVIANS settled in to rebuild its strength.
Latvia is occupied by a mix of peoples: Ethnic Russians and Subordination: 11th Guards Army
Slavics predominate,the main languagebeing Latvian, in the Baltic Current Location: Jelgava, Latvia
group of the Balto-Slavicfamily (seeTwilight: 2000, page 47) and Manpower: 500
Russian. Religious beliefs are also mixed. Lutheran is the most Tanks: 4 T-72s
common religion, but there are also large amounts of Roman
Catholics and RussianOrthodox worshipers in Latvia.This mixture 40th Motorized Rifle Division
promotes tolerance, and makes Latvia a perfect buffer state A mobilization-only division of the Baltic MD, the 40th was
between the enmity of Estonia and Lithuania. mustered in early 1998 and equipped as a cavalry force. It has
Although considered poor by both Estonians and Lithuanians, remained loyal to the Soviets, and is often involved in skirmishes
the Latvians ignore this, too busy eking out a living to care. with a strong Latvian partisan group calling itself the Baltic Libera-
tion Front.
GOVERNMENT Subordination: 11th Guards Army
Like its Baltic neighbors, Latvia also had a representative Current Location: Jekabpils, Latvia
democratic form of government. With the breakdown of communi- Manpower: 500 cavalry
cations after the war, this form of government was dropped as Tanks: 4 T-72s
impractical. The government now consists of acoalition of mayors,
more a loose collection of city-states than a unified country. 107th Motorized Rifle Division
The 107th was a Category Ill division from the Baltic MD.
ARMED FORCES Activated in December 1996, it was not ready for action until the
When Latvia was a real country, the armed forces allowed in summer of 1997. It saw some action in western Lithuania.Avictim
Latvia were composed of Latvian volunteers-the Soviet Union ofthe NATOcounterattackof2000,the 107thfled thePolish border

to return to Riga. The 107th is still nominally under the command and their ancient occupation of animal husbandry. Combinedwith
ofthe IlthGuardsArmy, but hasstruckatrucewith the26th GMRD, the fishing from the coastal city of Klaipeda, the food produced is
and refuses to take part in any actions against the 26th. Lithuania’s only export.
Subordination: 1lth Guards Army
Current Location: Near Riga, Latvia LlTHUAN IANS
Manpower: 4000 Once, Lithuania was a part of Poland. When the country was
Tanks: 36 T-64s declared a separate country in 1918, no one was more pleased
than the Lithuanians, who considered themselves non-Poles, non-
US 8th Infantry Division (Mechanized) Russians, and nearly non-everyoneelse. Its largely Roman Catho-
During its drive through Poland in the summer of 2000, this lic populace didn’t agree with its neighbors, and Lithuanian devo-
division actually managed to get lost in Latvia, passing completely tion to their religion cost the Lithuanians dearly in World War II.
through Lithuania. It is currently in cantonment in the Latvian When the nation was occupied by the Germans, nearly 200,000
swamps around Saldus, trying to figure out what to do next, since Lithuanians were killed-partisan activity sparked mass reprisal
it is completely cut off from its own lines. killings in order to eliminate resistance. The Lithuanians never
Subordination: US XI Corps forgave their Estonian neighbors for joining the Germans against
Current Location: Bauska, Latvia the Soviet Union.
Manpower: 1000 Poorand rural, Lithuaniansarejust as proud andstubborn asthe
Tanks: 2 Mls, 7 M l A l s , 2 M8AGSs, 9 Stingrays rest of the Baltic peoples. The accomplishment of gaining govern-
mental freedom peacefully,through sheer collectivewill, buoys up
the average Lithuanian, allowing him to ignore the fact that his lot
Lithuania is probably the poorest in the Baltics. To curry favor with a
Lithuanian,praise hisgovernment-and don’t mention hiseconomy.
GEOGRAPHY The main language is Lithuanian, in the Baltic group of the Balto-
Like the rest of the Baltics, Lithuania is a combination of Slavic family (see Twilight: 2000, page 47)
swamps, bogs, and forests. Unlike the other Baltics, this terrain is
resource-poor-Lithuania has practically no mineral resources. GOVERNMENT
This largest of the Baltic states also has the largest population, Lithuania’s split from the Soviet Union was motivated by a
but its cities are smaller than its neighbors’. Once manufacturing Lithuanian desire for self-government. It is noteworthy among all
centers, most of them are now little more than road-centers: the republic revolutions that Lithuania threw off the Soviet hold
Vilnius, Kaunas, Klaipeda, Siauliai, and Panevezys. through election and legislation-the separatistsactually took over
the government and separated legally, by the book. Although
TR ANSPO RTATlON Lithuaniahassuffered great losses in the post-warworld, its people
Asingle rail-link from distant Estoniaruns through Siauliai to the have steadfastly clung to theirelected government, farmers proudly
capital at Vilnius, bringing manufactured goods and motor oil. The gathering at nearby towns to elect their representatives to the
rest of Lithuania is linked by its deteriorating road net, travelled by nation’s parliament.
animal-drawn wagons and the rare motor vehicle. The Lithuanian government’s duties consist of providing a
postal system, in order to maintain communications across the
POPULATION country, collecting meager taxes to fund the postal system, and
The populationof Lithuaniais largely rural, living off of their herds sponsoring the parliament, which spends most of its time arguing
and small crops. This simple life-style worked well for the people of about how the taxes are to be spent.
Lithuania, forwhen technology became unavailable,its loss wasn’t
critical. Because of this low-tech adaptability, Lithuaniadidn’t lose ARMED FORCES
as much of its population as the other Baltics did. Nearly 2 million Lithuanianarmed forces are not maintainedby the government,
people live in Lithuania, spread out across the bleak countryside. which can’t afford such luxuries. Local militias made up of volun-
Of these, around 750,000 live in the remaining cities: Vilnius teers are scattered around the country-each city has a sizable
(250,000),Kaunas (200,000),Klaipeda (150,000),Siauliai volunteer militia that acts as a police force and rallies in time of
(100,000), and Panevezys (100,000). military need, and numerous “posse” militias are formed in the
countryside when needed. These militiamen provide their own
INDUSTRY AND ECONOMY food, weapons, equipment, and transport, and fight their battles in
Before the war, the nuclear power plant at lgnalina provided the old partisan fashion. Despite their lack of expensive high-tech
most of Lithuania’s electric power. Other power came from im- armaments, the militiamen can deny their rough country to a much
ported fuel oil. The war finished t h a t - a cruise missile destroyed more we II-equipped army.
the power plant, and the supply of fuel oil dried up as it was used Subordination: None
closer to home. Now, what little powerthere is in Lithuaniacomesfrom Location: Each city in Lithuania, scattered through the
alcohol-firedgenerators, attempting to keepsome of the industrygoing. countryside
Lithuania’s industrial capacity is normally devoted to food-processing; Manpower: 50-100 men in the country, 1000-10,000 men
preserved food is a commodity that is always in demand. in the city
The bulk of Lithuania’s economy depends on the rural farmers Tanks: None
12
GDW Eastern Europe Sourcebook
Note: Since this book is more concerned with Eastern Europe, GEOGRAPHY
the far eastern part of Russia will be ignored in favor of information Russia is bounded on the north by the Arctic Sea, on the west
concerning that part of Russia west of the Ural Mountains. by the Baltics and Poland, on the south by Ukraine, Georgia,
Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and China, and on the east by
HISTORY the Pacific Ocean. It is huge, one of the largest countries in the
The modern history of Russia started with the Bolshevik Revo- world. Temperatures range from moderate to cold across its
lution that destroyed the centuries-old Czarist government. As the immense expanse; winters are almost always severe.
first nationally communist country, Russia conquered or annexed Worth mentioning are the militarily dreadful seasons. In sum-
the rest of the Czarist territories, finally unifying into one of the mer, Russia is hot and dry, plagued with dust. Autumn is tolerable,
international powers under the lead of dictatorJosef Stalin. Follow- presaging the terrible winter, with its deep cold and deep snow.
ing World War II, the Soviet Union stayed in the limelight, unifying When spring arrives, the snow melts and the country is trans-
Western powers against it and sponsoring revolutions and wars formed into a muddy slough (as invading armies have discovered
around the world. to their chagrin). To compensate for this, Russia has elevated
In the 1980s, the cost of the Cold War began to tell against the roads, but many of those roads are just being repairedto minimum
Soviet economy. Even the central republic of Russiafelt the pinch, standards.
unable toadequatelysupply its peoplewith housing,fuel, and food.
Mikhail Gorbachev’s policy of glasnost looked like it might break TRANSPORTATION
down the barriers between the Soviet Union and the rest of the Russia used to have an impressive road and rail network,
world, allowing the Russians to look forward to financial support crafted for the purpose of moving troops and commerce over the
from the West. western part of the country. Now, the road and rail networks are
Then, in 1991, Kremlin and neo-Stalinisthard-linersseized the being very slowly rebuilt. Both were heavily damaged by NATO
government and destroyed the hopes of glasnostforever.Within a nukes and tactical strikes, particularly bridges and roadhail nexus
year, the peopte of Russia were hurting again, since the govern- points. Because of the importance the government places on
ment had to try to rally the resourcesof the remaining Soviet Union moving military units, Russia has a growing railroad system
while fighting insurgents and rebels in central and east Asia. The salvaged from the ruins of the old one, and its roads are getting
war continued to escalate into a full-blown war with China as the enough repair for off-road vehicles to move without great difficulty.
years passed. Still, since there is little fuel and few good roads, private vehicles
The people of Russia were directly untouched by this war, are rare to nonexistent. There is almost no private motor transport.
although they felt the results of the war efforts in short rations and
short spirits. Conflict moved closer to home when the Soviet POPULATION
government moved troops against Belarus and Ukraine in 1996, Russia’s massive population matched its enormous size. Be-
invading secessionist countries on the border. The sight of military fore the war, the country boasted almost 150 million people. Now,
convoys became common. Morale was actually improved by the after the privation of the Last War, the country is reduced to around
signing of the Treaty of Collective Security, for it promised aid 70 million people. A great percentage of these live outside of the
against the combined forces of Belarus and seemingly imperialist cities, trying to grow enough food to survive and perhaps even
Germany. enoughforasmallsurplus. Russia’scitiesare in fairshape, but they
When thewarstarted, the Russianswere leftdirectly untouched, lack fuel to provide power to run their utilities and infrastructure,
asituation they hadn’t seen since World War I. Instead, resources which means that they can’t providefor populationsanywhere near
and men went east and west to fight distant wars, and some their peak figures. The largest cities are Moscow (2,500,000), St.
Russians even hopedthat they would be spared the agony ofdirect Petersburg(1,290,000), Niznhy Novgorod, a.k.a. Gorky (396,000),
involvement with the war again. Kazan (284,000), Volgograd (263,000), and Murmansk (53,000).
Their hopes were in vain. When the nuclear weapons started Russia annexed Belarus, and its capital, Minsk, is the only major
falling, NATO aircraft and cruise missiles began hitting targets in city left occupied (490,000).
Russia itself. Roads, bridges, industries,supply centers, rail cen-
ters, marshaling areas-almost every Russian city had a target INDUSTRY AND ECONOMY
worth nuking. Soon, the country’s cities were spotted with radioac- Once an industrial giant, Russia is now reduced to scavenging
tive ruins. its old industriesto try to buildenough to pickup thewareffort again.
When the nukes stopped falling, the Soviet war effort was Merely turning out spare parts for existing vehicles taxes the
practically destroyed. Russia was devastated, its once-proud country’s industrial base. Fortunately for the Russian people, the
industry gone, its people reduced by famine, war, and pestilence. country has long been a good agricultural base, and when the

Eastern Europe Sourcebook GDW
14

15
weather holds, the people can raise food for themselves. The 22nd Tank Division
problem is keeping it for themselves and not having it confiscated This unit took part in the relief of Warsaw in 1997, during whiclh
by the government for military use. it lost its combat vehicles.
Subordination: 7th Guards Tank Army
THE RUSSIANS Current Location: Soligorsk, Belarus
The peopleof Russiaareamixofethnic Russiansandanumber Manpower: 2000
of other peoples. The state language is Russian, part of the East Tanks: None
Slavic group of the Balto-Slavic linguistic family (see Twilight:
2000, page 47). The most common religion is Christianity(Russian 27th Guards Tank Division
Orthodox). While thegovernment does not encourage religion, it is The 27th was supposed to be sent to the Far East but was
too weak to forbid it, or even fight it. delayed by logistical problems. It was sent to Poland for the 1997
counteroffensive instead. It never responded to orders to move
GOVERNMENT south in 1998, and is thought to have gone marauder.
The Russian government is that of the now-defunct Soviet Subordination: None
Union. It resembles a Kremlindictatorial oligarchy, and functions as Current Location: Vicinity of Brest, Belarus
an inefficient military bureaucracy. Military law is the only law in Manpower: 3000
Russia, and military commanders have only to answer to their Tanks: 21 T-80s, 3 T-90s
immediate superiors for any transgressions.
47th Tank Division
ARMED FORCES This unit was being held in reserve in Minsk when the city was
Moscow still fields a massive army, and does expect it to renew nuked. Most of the division was also destroyed at that time.
the wareffort when supply can be made available. In the meantime, Subordination: 7th Guards Tank Army
it keeps units in Russiato guard against invasion and in Belarus to Current Location: Slutsk, Belarus
fight uprisings. Russian units inside Russia are usually larger and Manpower: 300
better-suppliedthan their counterparts on the front lines in Poland Tanks: 2 T-64s
and elsewhere.
1st Guards Motorized Rifle Division
3rd Guards Tank Division The 1st Guards took part in the 1997 counterattack, then was
The 3rd Guards was involved in the Soviet Counteroffensiveat withdrawn to the Ukrainian border when the revolt broke out.
Brest and the relief of Warsaw. In 2000, the division was scheduled Subordination: 9th Guards Army
to go to Ukraine and deal with the revolt. Current Location: Vicinity of Pinsk, Belarus
Subordination: 7th Guards Tank Army Manpower: 3000
Current Location: Mozyr, Belarus Tanks: 18 T-64s
Manpower: 3000
Tanks: 12 T-80s, 6 T-72s 2nd Guards Motorized Rifle Division
The2nd performedwell in the bitter battlefor Silesiain thespring
8th Guards Tank Division of 1997. After the front stabilized, the unit was withdrawn to thce
Atop-line unit before the war, the 8th fought in the battle of Brest strategic reserve.
and at Warsaw. It was sent to the Ukrainian border to assist in the Subordination: 9th Army
revolt. Current Location: Kaluga, Russia
Subordination: 7th Guards Tank Army Manpower: 3000
Current Location: Zhitkovichi, Belarus Tanks: 15 T-55s
Manpower: 3000
Tanks: None 3rd Guards Motorized Rifle Division
This unit was being readied for action in 1997 when it was hit by
15th Guards Tank Division a nuclear strike. It has since been withdrawn for rebuilding.
A Category II division from the Moscow area, the 15th has done Subordination: 9th Army
well in Silesia. Once the front stabilized,the divisionwas withdrawn Current Location: Tula, Russia
to reserve near Moscow. Manpower: 600
Subordination: 9th Soviet Army Tanks: 3 T-72s
Current Location: Tula, Russia
Manpower: 2000 3rd Motorized Rifle Division
Tanks: 16 T-72s Heavily damaged in the battle for Wroclaw, this division has
seen little action ever since.
Subordination: 9th Guards Army
Current Location: Kobrin, Belarus
Manpower: 2000
Tanks: 10 T-64s
16

37th Motorized Rifle Division 138th Motorized Rifle Division

This unit started in Hungary before the war, and was sent to the The 138th was called up to be a garrison for Borisov. In 2000, it
Far East shortly after war began with China. After China’s defeat, was assigned to the 9th Guards Army.
the division was sent to the St. Petersburg area for rest and refit. Subordination: 9th Guards Army
Subordination: 18th Army Current Location: Brest, Belarus
Current Location: St. Petersburg, Russia Manpower: 4000
Manpower: 2000 Tanks: None
Tanks: 10 T-72s
154th Motorized Rifle Division
45th Guards Motorized Rifle Division Drawn from Latvia, the 154th was in astate of mutiny almost as
The45th wasvirtually destroyed by NATO forces in the Petsamo soon as it was formed in 1998. Most of its troops deserted; the
campaign. It has been withdrawn to the immediate rear. remaining loyalists were formed into cavalry.
Subordination: 9th Guards Army Subordination: 6th Army
Current Location: Pinsk, Belarus Current Location: Pskov, Russia
Manpower: 100 Manpower: 100 cavalry
Tanks: None Tanks: None
45th Motorized Rifle Division 376th Guards Motorized Rifle Division

The division was hit hard by tactical nuclearweapons in the Kola The 376th was activated hastily in response to NATO moves on
Peninsula in 1997, then mauled by NATO forces during the Finland. Rushed into battle, it did poorly and suffered great casu-
offensive. The 45th has been withdrawn for rebuilding. alties. By 1998, it was no longer answering commands, and reports
Subordination: 6th Army from the area identify the unit as a marauder.
Current Location: Primorsk, Russia Subordination: None
Manpower: 300 Current Location: Finno-Soviet border, Russia
Tanks: None Manpower: 2000
Tanks: None
64th Guards Motorized Rifle Division
The 64th was decimated during the Kola Peninsula campaign. 7th Guards Air Assault Division
Withdrawn to strategic reserve, the division has had problems with The 7th was used in Norway, where it suffered heavy losses. It
low morale and desertion. has been withdrawn to strategic reserve.
Subordination: 18th Army Subordination: Strategic Central Command
Current Location: Kirovsk, Russia Current Location: Ryazan, Russia
Manpower: 400 Manpower: 2000
Tanks: 3 T-72s Tanks: None
69th Motorized Rifle Division 76th Guards Air Assault Division

This division was sent to Norway in 1996, where it was heavily The 76th took part in the Norway campaign and was withdrawn
damaged by NATO forces, then further damaged by air strikes to the St. Petersburg area.
during retreat to Russia. It has been sent to strategic reserve for Subordination: Red Banner Leningrad Front
rebuilding. Current Location: Vologda, Russia
Subordination: 18th Army Manpower: 2000
Current Location: Kirovsk, Russia Tanks: None
Manpower: 200
Tanks: 1 T-64 106th Guards Air Assault Division
Used intheFarEastatthestartofthewar,thedivisionwastransfened
137th Motorized Rifle Division to Poland in 1997. In 1998, it was withdrawn to strategic reserve.
A mobilization-only unit, the 137th was called into action in 1999 Subordination: Strategic Central Command
to fight marauders and bandits. Current Location: Ryazan, Russia
Subordination: 6th Army Manpower: 2000
Current Location: Svetogorsk, Russia Tanks: None
Manpower: 4000
Tanks: None 86th Air Assault Brigade
The 86th has been used sparingly for deep-penetration raids
into Poland.
Subordination: 1st Belarus Front
Current Location: Volkovysk, Belarus
Manpower: 600
Tanks: None
17


HISTORY by Germany. It is a fertile land of river-crossed terrain, with some

Poland was a group of separate principalities united under a hills coming off the CarpathianMountains in the south. Its tempera-
nominal king until the 18th century, when it was divided (over ture is sub-temperate, with short summers and cold winters.
several decades) between Prussia, Russia, and the Austro-Hun-
garian Empire. After the defeat of Germany in World War I, the TRANSPORTATION
country was unified and made an independent republic in 1918. It Poland used to have a pretty good railway system, and adecent
became contested territory in World War II, when it was again road system. The roads were not overused, for there was only one
partitioned between Hitler’s Germany and Stalin’s Soviet Union. automobile for every nine people, but, then, the roads weren’t
When the Germans drove the Soviets out in 1941, they stayed until massive interstates like those in the United States. Since the
the Soviets returned in 1944. The stamp of Stalinist rule rested beginning of the war, the railways have been systematically
firmly upon the country until 1956, when awell-publicized revolt in destroyed or looted, and the roads have proven inadequate for
Poland made headlines around the world. The riots were re- surviving the armored assaults that have poured across the
pressed,but the Poles rose again in the 1970s,protestingfor better country. Private transport is practically nonexistent, since all fuel
living and working conditions. Self-governing unions formed in and lubricants are hoarded by military units.
1980, along with the union/politicalgroup Solidarity. Their protests
brought government overreaction, including martial law, but the POPULATION
unrest the unions also brought continued throughout the decade, Before the war, Poland’s population stood at 38,300,000. Be-
culminating in free elections in 1990. tween the casualties of war, the victims of disease and starvation,
The new free government had problems. Not only did it have to and the refugees, the country barely boasts 9 million people now.
cope with a flagging economy, but it had to deal with a border The heavy military population has forced the survivors into cities in
dispute with Byelorussia and growing militant pro-German senti- order to defend themselves, so asurprising number of Polish cities
ment in Silesia. As the years passed with little improvement (a are still inhabited, despite theeffects of bombs and nuclearstrikes.
situation that persisted across Europe), Poland’s government grew Large cities include Warsaw (the pre-war capital, a.k.a. Warszawa)
more uneasy with Germany’s intentions. When the Germans (152,000), Lodz (104,000),Krakow (a medieval capital) (85,000),
stacked troops along the Polish border in 1995, the government Poznan (69,000), Gdansk (48,000), Szczecin (41,OOO),Wroclaw
brought more Polish units to readinessand attemptedto negotiate (38,000), Bydgoszcz (37,000), Katowice (36,000), Lublin(32,000),
with Belarus (nee Byelorussia). The negotiations failed, and the Bialystok (29,000), Sosnowiec (26,000), Gdynia (20,000),and
Warsaw government met with other former Warsaw Pact nations Czestochowa (18,000).
to negotiate the Treaty on Collective Security. The treaty doomed
Belarus, and Poland began to move troops into its section. Some INDUSTRY AND ECONOMY
of the troops (seven, to be exact) protested the move and effec- Between the constant warfare and the nuclear war, Poland’s
tively started World War Ill. industry has been effectivelydestroyed. Almost nothing remains of
Pro-German ethnic organizations started heavy protests, and the industrial base that once produced goods for agreat deal of the
resisted repressionwith military force. The Polish government sent Warsaw Pact, or of the deep coal shafts that supplied coal to those
in troops, and the situation escalated to include border skirmishes industries. Some low-level industry remains, and the various
with German units. By mid-summer, Germany and Poland were military units in thecountry attemptto keepupmaintenanceefforts,
formally at war with each other, invoking the participation of both but for the most part Poland’s economy has returnedto agriculture
NATO and the New Warsaw Pact. in the middle of a wasteland.
The rest is history. Poland soon became one of the most fought-
over patches of ground since eastern France in World War I. But THE POLES
where France had seen the horror of chemical weapons, Poland The Polishpeoplearesplitbetweentwo majorgroups:theethnic
suffered the ultimate atrocity of nuclear weapons, used very freely Poles and the German/Prussians.The official language is Polish,
between units and cities. When the mushroom clouds had blown but in some of the northern provinces, German is more commonly
away, all that was left was the no-man’sland that today’s world calls spoken. The ethnic Germans tend to favor their western cousins,
Poland. while the Poles do not, and it is this division which got Poland
invaded in the first place.
GEOGRAPHY Most of the Poles and Germans are deeply religious, particularly
Poland is bordered on the north by the Baltic Sea, on the in such perilous times (God is all they have left to depend on). 95%
northeast by Lithuania,on the east by RussidBelarus and Ukraine, of the country is Catholic.
on th_e_southby the Czech and Slovak Republics, and on the west Once a friendly, trusting people, the horrors of unending war
19

have soured the populace of Poland. Ethnic Poles, Germans, and 9th “Dresden” Motorized Rifle Division
Silesians are as apt to avoid or shoot strangers as they are to greet Subordination: Polish 1st Army
them. Current Location: Palanow/Miastko/Bytow,Poland
Manpower: 2500
GOVERNMENT Tanks: 10 T-55s
There is not a cohesive country left for a civil government to
govern. What government exists does so in the form of town 14th Motorized Rifle Division
councils and military units keeping control in their areas. There is The commander of this division has set himself up as leader 0.1
not a military commander above the rank of colonel, however, that an autonomous state in southern Poland, styling himself the1
does not dream of ruling the country. Markgraf of Silesia.
Subordination: None
ARMED FORCES Current Location: Raciborz, Poland
Poland is an armed camp of Warsaw Pact, Polish, and NATO Manpower: 1500
units. Scarcely 100 kilometers can be traversed without running Tanks: None
across some military camp or patrol area. Most of these forces are
underequippedand undersupplied,so they have a habit of stealing 2nd Cavalry Division (ex-2nd “Warsaw” MRD)
supplies and equipment from whomever they can. This unit was badly mauled in the beginning of the war, and was;
With the new year of 2001 on the way, local inhabitants are refitted with horses instead of vehicles.
fearful that one side or the other will begin full-scale military Subordination: Polish 1st Army
operations again, or at least try to, with the inevitable civilian Current Location: Gdynia, Poland
consequences. Manpower: 200 cavalry
Tanks: None
POLISH
ARMY
The Polish Army manages to hang on to some sort of organiza- 3rd Cavalry Division
tion, despite the large amount of foreign troops on its soil. At least Formerlythe3rd “Pomeranian”MRD,this unitwasdecimatedby
Polish units have the advantage of sympathetic populace. the Germans in 1997 and reformed as horse cavalry in 1998.
Subordination: Polish 1st Army
5th “Saxon” Tank Division Current Location: SlupsWUstkdLebork, Poland
This division has been in distinguished action since the begin- Manpower: 1000 cavalry
ning of the war. Tanks: None
Subordination: Polish 1st Tank Army
Current Location: Podgaje/Jastrowie/Pila, Poland 12th Cavalry Division
Manpower: 3500 This division was formed from the remnants of the 11th TD in
Tanks: 16 T-72s 1998.
10th “Sudeten” Tank Division Current Location: KoscierzyndGniewflczew, Poland
Subordination: Soviet 4th Tank Guards Army Manpower: 1500 cavalry
Current Location: Pleszew/Kalisz, Poland Tanks: None
Manpower: 2000
Tanks: 5 T-72s 13th Cavalry Division
This division was reformed from the remnants of the 13th
1st “Warsaw” Motorized Rifle Division “Kashubian” TD in 1998.
Subordination: Polish 2nd Army Subordination: Polish 1st Army
Current Location:Czaplinek/Miroslawiec/Rusinowo,Poland Current Location: Chojnice/Czluchow/Sepolno, Poland
Manpower: 2500 Manpower: 1000 cavalry
Krakow ORMO 17th Cavalry Division

(ex-8th “Dresden” Motorized Rifle Division) This division was reformed from the remnants of the 15th MRD
The Polish 8th MRD no longer exists, having formed the core of in 1998.
the defense force of the Free City of Krakow. Subordination: Polish 2nd Army
Subordination: None Current Location: Dobiegniew/StrzelceMlronki,Poland
Current Location: Krakow, Poland Manpower: 2000 cavalry
Manpower: 2000, + 6000 militia Tanks: None
Tanks: 2 T-80s
20

19th Cavalry Division 8th Border Guard Brigade
This division was reformed from the remnants of the 20th Subordination: Soviet 22nd Cavalry Army
‘Kalisz” TD in 1998. Current Location: SrodaNrzesnia, Poland
Subordination: Polish 1st Army Manpower: 200
Current Location: Malbork, Poland Tanks: None
Manpower: 600 cavalry
Tanks: None 2nd Polish Free Legion
(ex-10th Border Guard Brigade)
7th “Lusatian” Marine (Naval Assault) Division This unit has ceased to obey higher headquarters, and its
This division was held in reserve throughout most of the war in members are now acting as anti-Soviet partisans, hiding in the
anticipation of an opportunity for an amphibious landing in the large forests between the towns of Czerk and Nowe.
Baltic. It was committed to action in 1998 as infantry and has been Subordination: None
there ever since. Current Location: CzerWNowe, Poland
Subordination: Polish 2nd Army Manpower: 300
Current Location: Walcz, Poland Tanks: None
Manpower: 600
Tanks: None 11th Border Guard Brigade (Cavalry)
Subordination: Soviet 4th Guards Tank Army
1st Polish Free Legion (ex-1st BGB) Current Location: Lask, Poland
Formerly the 1st Border Guard Brigade, this group is now a large Manpower: 400
guerrillaforce that controls the roads between Poznan and Glogow. Tanks: None
The DIA partially supplied this group when practical, but the
grounding of the last cargo aircraft has stopped airdrops. 12th Border Guard Brigade
Subordination: None Subordination: Polish 1st Army
Current Location: Leszno, Poland Current Location: Dabrowka, Poland
3rd Border Guard Brigade RUSSIAN ARMY

Current Location: Gdynia, Poland 1st Tank Division
Manpower: 300 Sent to the Far East in 1995, the 1st TD was returned to Europe
Tanks: None in 1997.
Subordination: 1st Guards Tank Army
4th Border Guard Brigade (Cavalry) Current Location: West Central Poland
Subordination: Polish 2nd Army Manpower: 3000
Current Location: Walcz, Poland Tanks: 9 T-80s
Tanks: None 9th Guards Tank Division
Originally stationed in Hungary, the 9th was sent to the Far East,
5th Border Guard Brigade then returned to Europe in 1997. It has engaged in several battles
Subordination: Polish 2nd Army since returning to Poland.
Current Location: Czlopa, Poland Subordination: 1st Guards Tank Army
Manpower: 400 Current Location: West Central Poland
Tanks: None Manpower: 4000
Tanks: 24 T-72s
6th Border Guard Brigade
Subordination: Soviet 4th Guards Tank Army 10th Guards Tank Division
Current Location: L6dz/Zgierz, Poland The 10th was stationed in Poland before the breakup of the
Manpower: 400 original Soviet Union. Withdrawn in 1989, it was returned in 1996,
Tanks: None where it fought well through several campaigns. In 1999, the
division revolted and declared for NATO.
7th Border Guard Brigade Subordination: None
Subordination: Polish 1st Tank Army Current Location: Warsaw area, Poland
Current Location: Chodziez, Poland Manpower: 1000
Manpower: 100 Tanks: 6 (variety unknown)
Tanks: None
21

11th Guards Tank Division 12th Guards Motorized Rifle Division

This division has been heavily engaged against Bundeswehr The 12th GMRD has been active in every Polish campaign.
units since the onset of the war. Subordination: 20th Guards Army
Subordination: 1st Guards Tank Army Current Location: Southern Poland
Current Location: West Central Poland Manpower: 4000
Manpower: 500 Tanks: 32 T-72s
Tanks: 3 T-80s
20th Guards Cavalry Division
12th Guards Tank Division The 20th Guards was surrounded by German units at the
The 12thGTD hasbeenpartofthe3rdShockArmyfortheentire beginning of the war. The survivors were converted to cavalry.
war, fighting in every major campaign and suffering accordingly. Subordination: 8th Guards Army
Subordination: 3rd Shock Army Current Location: Central Poland
Current Location: Central Poland Manpower: 1000 cavalry
Tanks: None
21st Guards Motorized Rifle Division
25th Tank Division The 21st GMRD has spent the entire war fighting valiantly in
The 25th TD has been part of the war in Poland since 1996. Germany and Poland.
Subordination: 1st Guards Tank Army Subordination: 2nd Guards Army
Current Location: West Central Poland Current Location: Southern Poland
Tanks: 4 T-72s Tanks: 5 (variety unknown)
38th Tank Division 21st Motorized Rifle Division

The 38th was scheduled to be sent to the Far East, but the This unit saw some action in the Balkans in 1998 before being
German invasion stopped that. After heavy fighting throughout sent to Poland in 2000.
1996-97, the unit stopped responding to Front HQ and is believed Subordination: 4th Guards Tank Army
to have turned marauder. Current Location: Central Poland
Subordination: None Manpower: 3000
Current Location: Northern Poland Tanks: None
Manpower: 3000
Tanks: 15 T-72s, 1 T-90, 7 T-80s
22

39th Guards Motorized Rifle Division 117th Motorized Rifle Division

This unit has participated in every major campaign in Central The 117th was raised near Kiev to serve as a security force in
Europe. In 1998, it absorbed the remnants of the 47th GMRD. Ukraine. Many of the personnel refused service and disappeared
Subordination: 8th Guards Army into the countryside.
Current Location: Central Poland Subordination: 2nd Guards Army
Manpower: 3000 Current Location: Southern Poland
Tanks: 27 (variety unknown) Manpower: 100
Tanks: None
43rd Cavalry Division
Originally a motorized rifle division, the unit was decimated in 124th Motorized Rifle Division
1997. The survivors were sent to Belarus where the division Subordination: 4th Guards Tank Army
converted to horse cavalry and redeployed in Poland in 2000. Current Location: Central Poland
Subordination: 22nd Cavalry Army Manpower: 3000
Current Location: Northern Poland Tanks: None
Tanks: None 127th Cavalry Division
This unit has been active as security against NATO
89th Cavalry Division raiders since 1999.
When raised, the division was supposed to be motorized rifles, Subordination: 3rd Shock Army
but a shortage of vehicles caused them to outfit with horses Current Location: Central Poland
instead. After a stint as security in Romania, the division was sent Manpower: 2000 cavalry
to Poland. Tanks: None
Subordination: 22nd Cavalry Army
Current Location: Northern Poland 129th Motorized Rifle Division
Manpower: 300 cavalry Subordination: 3rd Shock Army
Tanks: None Current Location: Central Poland
Manpower: 3000
94th Cavalry Division Tanks: None
The 94th was a top-notch motor rifles division, but unabated
warfare nearly destroyedthe unit by 1999. It was withdrawn, rebuilt 131st Motorized Rifle Division
as cavalry, and redeployed in Poland. A shortage of vehicles makes this division leg-mobile, although
Subordination: 20th Guards Army it operates a small rag-tag fleet of armored vehicles. Expect to find
Current Location: Southern Poland light armor of all nationalities with this unit.
Manpower: 1000 cavalry Subordination: 8th Guards Army
Tanks: None Current Location: Central Poland
Manpower: 2000
96th Cavalry Division Tanks: None
This ex-MRD was converted to cavalry and sent to Poland in the
summer of 2000. 132nd Cavalry Division
Subordination: 22nd Cavalry Army This unit was designated as cavalry due to a lack of vehicles.
Current Location: Northern Poland This fits its commander very well, as he is a Don Cossack. The
Manpower: 1400 cavalry 132nd has seen very little action.
Tanks: None Subordination: 20th Guards Army
Current Location: Southern Poland
103rd Motorized Rifle Division Manpower: 3000 cavalry
A shortage of motor transport has made this a leg-mobile Tanks: None
division, but the unit does have some old and obsolete armor.
Subordination: 2nd Guards Army 157th Motorized Rifle Division
Current Location: Southern Poland This division was raised to fight partisans in Romania. On the
Manpower: 4000 way, itwasstruck by anuclearweapon, and thesurvivorsweresent
Tanks: 28 (variety unknown) to Poland.
Subordination: 2nd Guards Army
Current Location: Southern Poland
Manpower: 1000
Tanks: None
23

AMERICAN
ARMY CANADIAN
ARMY
The units of the American military are largely in cantonment Canadian forces entered the war in Germany in 1996, and
during the winter, recovering from the debacle of the summer fought with distinction there and elsewhere in the world.
offensive of 2000. The units represented below are only those on
Polish soil; there are many times more just across the border in 4th Mechanized Infantry Brigade
Germany. Throughout most of 1997, the 4th MIB operated as part of US V
Corps. In January of 1998, the brigade was assigned to US XI
50th Armored Division Corps, and took part in the corps’ drive into northern Poland in the
This division was deployed to Europe in 1997 and was attached spring of 2000. The brigade is currently in cantonment in Karlino,
toUSVII Corps. Late that yearitwasshifted to thecommandof US Poland.
XI corps. Subordination: US XI Corps
Subordination: US XI Corps Current Location: Karlino, Poland
Current Location: Kolobrzeg, Poland Manpower: 1000
Manpower: 2000 Tanks: 6 Leopard Is
Tanks: 5 M60A3s, 16 M l s , 12 M l A l s
GERMAN
ARMY
5th Infantry Division (Mechanized) There are more German units in Poland than units of any other
The division was moved to Europe in 1996. In 1997, it was Western power. The Germans seem set upon remainingin Poland
transferred to control of Panzergruppe Oberdorf. The division more than any other nationality.
fought through southern Poland and participated in the Battle of
Czestochowa. In the summer of 2000, the division spearheaded 29th Panzer Division
the US XI Corps’ drive into Poland. The 29th entered combat in December 1996, and remained in
Subordination: US XI Corps combat for years, participating in the Silesia campaign of 1997
Current Location: Poland (taking heavycasualtiesfromairstrikes), and in theCzechoslovakia
Manpower: 3000 campaign of 1998 (again suffering heavy casualties). in 2000, the
Tanks: 9 M l s , 21 M l A l s , 12 MlA2s 29th was part of the German 3rd Army’s offensive in northern
Poland.
2nd Marine Division Subordination: German 111 Corps
During 1997, the regiments of the division carried out numerous Current Location: Northern Poland
amphibious and conventional missions throughout the European Manpower: 3000
Theater. In the spring of 2000, the division participated in the 3rd Tanks: 16 Leopard 2(l)s, 5 Leopard Is, 3 T-72s
German Army’s offensive into northern Poland by launching am-
phibious assaults against the Polish Baltic coast and across the 6th Panzergrenadier Division
Vistula estuary. The 6th crossed into Poland in 1996 as part of a reserve force.
Subordination: US XI Corps During withdrawal from Poland in 1997, the unit was hit hard by air
Current Location: Bialogard, Poland strikes. In the summer of 1998, the division was involved in heavy
Manpower: 4000 fighting around Stuttgart and waswithdrawn for rebuilding. ln2000,
Tanks: 8 M l s the division took part in the German 3rd Army’s offensive.
Subordination: German 111 Army
116th Armored Cavalry Regiment Current Location: Northern Poland
Deployed in Europe in 1997, the regiment fought rearguard Manpower: 2000
actions during the retreat from Warsaw. Although suffering heavy Tanks: 10 Leopard 2(l)s, 2 MlA2s
casualties, the regiment maintained unit cohesion. In 1999, the
regiment was transferred to US XI Corps, and participated in the 21st Panzergrenadier Division
summer offensive of 2000. This division engaged Warsaw Pact forces in 1996. In 1997, the
Subordination: US XI Corps division was part of the drive through southern Poland, taking part
Current Location: Nowogard, Poland in the battle for Czestochowa.The division covered the withdrawal
Manpower: 600 of Panzergruppe Oberdorf, suffering heavy casualties in the pro-
Tanks: 6 M8 AGSs cess. It was part of German 3rd Army’s summer 2000 drive into
northern Poland.
Subordination: German 111 Army
Current Location: Northern Poland
Manpower: 1600
Tanks: 4 Leopard 2(l)s, 1 M1A2
24

The country of Czechoslovakia was an enforced union of the country, economically and ecologically. These factions were small at
kingdomsof Bohemiaand Moravia,plusSlovakia, all onceapart of the first, but as years of economicdebate passed, the populace began to
Austro-Hungarian Empire. For a thousand years, the Hungarians had agree. In 1992, the country of Czechoslovakia was split into the two
occupiedand dominatedSlovakia, whilethe Bohemiansand Moravians countries of the Czech and Slovak Republics.
maintainedatenuous independence. The arrangement was ended as The two republics tottered along in the following years, attempting
partof the political border-shufflingfollowing World War I,with Austria- to solve their internal problems and avoid becoming involved with the
Hungary stripped of its provinces. In the north, the Czech and and political maneuverings taking place around them. Some measure of
Slovak areas became Czechoslovakia. prosperity began to return astheir less-industrialized neighborsbegan
The combination proved fruitful. Czechoslovakia soon became the to depend upon Czech and Slovak power facilities, and the tank
most industrialized and prosperous country in East Europe. Prague factories of the two countries began production again-even Novy
flourishedas a centerof culture and arts. Envious eyes werecast upon Jicin’s T-54 plant, the only such plant in the world, stopped dismantling
the union, and the German invasion in 1938 was not much of a T-54s and started refurbishingthem for war again. Inthe turbulent East
surprise. European scene, any tank could be useful, even an obsolete 1050s
The defeat of Nazi Germany wasn’t much of a victory for the design.
Czechoslovakians.The Czechs (formerly Bohemians and Moravians) Still, the republicscouldn’t ignorethechaoson allsides. In 1996, the
didn’t think much of the Soviets, and actually served as German allies Czech Republic joined the New Warsaw Pact as a safety measure.
during World War II. Toward the end of the war, the Germans pulled Reluctantly,it stood by the treaty and moved in support of Polandwhen
theirtroops out of the country, leaving it to be liberated by allied forces. Germany invaded in the summer. The Slovak Republic refused to
It was given to the Communists, who set up a rigid, oppressive, enterthe war at all. It supplied its Czech neighbors with armaments at
Stalinist government. The country’s population and resources were a reduced price, and built an army to defend its country, but had no
directedtoward the benefitof the Soviets. Czechoslovakia’s industry was interest in entering the next world war.
turned into one of the largest MBT manufacturers in the Soviet Bloc. Relativelywell-equipped and closeto home (shortsupply lines), the
Authoritariangovernmental controls continued into the mid ’60s. In Czech Army provided major support to the Warsaw Pact armies. In
1968, more liberal policies were voted into being. Moscow took order to enhance this performance, Warsaw Pact armies invaded the
exception with these policies and directed Warsaw Pact forces to Slovak Republic in 1997, forcibly reuniting the countries. This same
invade in August 1968. Once there, military control remained, with effectiveness, and those short supply lines, prompted NATO to use
garrison troops preventing further protests. nuclear bombs on Czechoslovak cities, roads, and factories in 1997,
Still, even the presence of Warsaw Pact troops couldn’t control the destroying the region’s ability to support modern warfare.
Czechoslovakians. Anti-government protest groups formed in the The bombs also destroyed any chance the country had of recover-
O OS, in direct response to internal repression. The protests started ing to prosperity and progress. Prague, once the seat of the Holy
small with posters, poetry, plays, and propaganda-the “Velvet Revo- Roman Empire, the capital of Bohemia, cultural seat of East Europe,
lution.” As repression faltered, the protest groups grew bolder, and home to poets, writers, singers, performers, and birthplace of the
actually staged widespread political demonstrations in 1988. These “Velvet Underground,” was devastated. Czech forces that could return
blossomed into common occurrences in 1989, and the Communist to their homeland did so; others entered cantonment in Germany and
government began instituting political reforms. By 1990,free elections Poland.As a last act of defiance, the Czechs and Slovaks once again
were staged, and the Communist government of Czechoslovakia declared their republics separate, if mutually supportive.
ceased to exist. The elected government was the first such govern- Thetwo republicsstandtodayascrumbling,dying remnantsoftheir
ment to appear in the countries of the Warsaw Pact. past hopes. After surviving decades of tight Communist rule, after
The political struggle to deal with the country’s problems began years of struggling toward reconstruction, the ebullient spirit of the
immediately. The former Communist government had left the country Bohemians has finally been destroyed.
in a bit of a mess. Once, the industries had been the pride and envy
of the Warsaw Pact. Now, they were ramshackle antiques. When the GEOGRAPHY
USSR collapsed, many of the markets those industries had served The Czech and Slovak Republics straddle the Carpathian Moun-
collapsed with it. Unemployment ranged upwards of 20% in some tains. Their neighbors are Poland to the north, Germany to the west,
Slovakian areas. Furthermore, natural resources had been wantonly Austria and Hungary to the south, and Ukraine to the east. Both
consumed without regard for the country or its people, leaving almost republics share similar mountainous terrain, although the Slovak
one-third of the countryside ecologically ruined. Republic’s is rougher and steeper. Once, the mountains were covered
Separatist Slovakian factions arose almost immediately, citing with forests, but these forests were significantly reduced by acid rain
decades of control and economic domination from the Czech coun- and other pollution problems. The cities of both republics radiatefrom
tries as a reason for afree Slovakia. Indeed, Slovakia had sufferedthe their capitals, connected by roads and rails. The cities of the Czech
most under Communist rule, and was the most devastated part of the Republic begin with the capital, Prague (or Praha), near the western

East EuroDe Sourcebook
26

center of the country. The cities of Liberec, Pardubice, and Hradec predictable: The combination of rapacious mining and dirty burning
Kralove sit 60-70 miles northeast of the capital. Pilsen is as far west, produced plant-killing poisons that destroyed much of the country’s
and Ceske Budejovice is as far to the south, nearly to the Austrian forests. In an attempt to alleviate this, the Czechoslovakian govern-
border. Olomouc lies along the eastern road to Ostrava and Poland, ment concentrated on building nuclear power plants. The project had
while Brno straddles the road to Bratislava, the Slovak Republic succeeded in replacing 29% of the country’s coal-generated power
capital. From Bratislavathe roads lead east toZilina, Nitra, and Kosice, with nuclear power by 1991.
less than 100 kilometers from the border with Ukraine. Unfortunately,these plants weren’t terribly safe (by Western stan-
dards), and became less so when improperly maintained-and espe-
TRANSPORTATION cially when electromagnetic pulses fried their control circuits. A few
Once, Czechoslovakia possessed a road and rail network as were destroyed, or had accidents, polluting the countryside around
excellent as any of the Western European nations, and better than them with the threat of radioactive contamination. Most were shut
some. Motor vehicles werecommon and plentiful, rivalingthe automo- down and abandoned, their reactions scuttled and their fissionables
bile density of the United States of America. In the early 1990%the removed, before the bombing began.
republicsboasted one carfor every threecitizens, and one motorcycle NATOconcentrationon transport networks strippedthe republicsof
(including mopeds, lest the impression be given that the republics the ability to move materials from place to place. Without raw materi-
were cycle-gang heaven) per 10 citizens. als, the intact industries fell into disuse (it hardly mattered,for without
The nuclear attacks concentrated on this transportation system, coal, the power plants couldn’t provide power to run the factories
reasoningcorrectly that the most effective way to limit Czech involve- anymore). To this day, the factories and refineries of the Czech and
ment in the war was to make it nearly impossible for supplies and Slovak Republics languish, ready to work again if only supplied with
munitions to traverse the countryside. To this end, road interchanges power and materials.
and vital passes were hit, destroying and contaminating the areas. What little industry is left in the republics is on the level of cottage
Additional conventional smart-bomb attacks destroyed every bridge industry, nearly a return to the rural blacksmith and backroom manu-
capable of supporting motor vehicle traffic. When the attacks stopped, facturer.
the transport system was so thoroughly smashed that it would have to
be rebuilt rather than repaired. In their weakened conditions, the THE CZECHS AND THE SLOVAKS
republics couldn’t even afford to repair their bridges, much less Statistically, the people of the sundered country of Czechoslovakia
rebuilding the nuked sections. are a mixture of Bohemians, Moravians, and Slovaks, with some
Since then, some small repairs have been made, largely the German, Romanian, Polish, and Hungarian minorities. Gypsies also
constructionof crude bridges to allow light traffic to cross. The Czech are a sizable (that is, sizable enough to be counted) minority. The
government is trying to reactivate the rail system, or at least part of it, area’s major religion is Christianity (with over a third of that Roman
so it can get trains runningfrom the mountains to Prague.The Slovaks Catholic). The official and most-used language is Czech, althoughthe
gave up, lacking the ability to move the heavy machinery needed to state language of the Slovak Republic is, of course, Slovak. Both
carve mountainsides into roadsand rail lines. Most surfacetraffic in the Czech and Slovakare part of the West Slavicgroup of the Balto-Slavic
republics is done with animal-drawn carts or on horseback. family (see Twilight: 2000, page 47). The language of the Gypsies,
Romany, is part of the lndic group of the Indo-Iranian family.
POPULATION As a people, the Czechs and Slovaks are, and have been, infected
Hit hard by harsh winters, a lack of power and supplies, and still with an unusual sort of commonsense optimism-this is to say that
reeling from the nuclearonslaught, the inhabitants of the republics are they come through disaster after disaster without losing hope, and
much fewer in number than before the war. Where they used to have they seem to do it all with a sense of ironic humor. This attitude
a combined population of over 15 million people, the republics can produced the legendary artists, writers, and poets of Prague, as well
barely boast 5 million souls now: Prague (150,000, a little over one- as fostering and furthering the famous “Velvet Revolution,” the non-
tenth of its former population), Liberec (50,000), Pardubice (61,OOO), violent overthrow of the communist government of Czechoslovakia.
Hradec Kralove (72,000), and Pilsen (75,000). Ostrava and Olomouc, On a personal level, the Czechs and Slovaks are, despite their
capable of trading with the nearby Poles, have 200,000 and 150,000 different cultural biases (the Bohemians and Moravians,who became
people respectively. Ceske Budejovice and Brno weren’t as fortunate the Czechs, were influenced by the Austrians, and the Slovaks were
and lost over half their populations, shrinking to 160,000 (Brno) and influencedby the Hungarians),very much alike. They seemto be more
80,000 (Ceske Budejovice).The industrial city of Zlin wascut off in the willing than mosttodo something about theirproblems, ratherthan just
mountains, and only 60,000 people live there now. complaining about them. They have been rather friendly to strangers,
The Slovak Republic’s capital of Bratislava was luckier, for it wasn’t although they are now highly biased against Westerners from the
directly attacked. Still, other factors took theirtoll, and the city’s people NATOalliance-after all, who was it that destroyedtheircountries?As
shrunk to 370,000. Slovakia’s population consists of about 3 million in such, Americans, Germans, and Englishmen are not likely to be well-
thecountrysideand t he followingcities: Nitra (1OO,OOO), Zilina (95,000), received in the Slovak Republic, and even less-well received in the
and Kosice (157,000). Czech Republic.
It remains to be seen if the people of these republics can overcome
INDUSTRY AND ECONOMY the catastrophe which has befallen them.
Coal-fired power plants powered the industries of Czechoslovakia
for decades. They produced so much powerthat Czechoslovakia was GOVERNMENT
capable of exporting electricity. At one time, this export accounted for Both republics have elected governments, featuring elected parlia-
56% of the country’s Gross National Product. The results were ments that then elect a prime minister. The representatives are
27

supposed to be drawn from all corners of each nation, but with the 3rd Motorized Rifle Division
difficulty of travel and communications, the Czech representatives This unit is currently in cantonment.
tend to come from the middle of the Czech Republic, and the Slovak Subordination:Czech 4th Army
representativescome from Bratislava. With the poor conditions in the Current Location: Cesky Krumlov, Czech Republic
republics, government duties are limited to trying to repair the roads Manpower: 1400
and to giving orders to the troops within the borders. Tanks: 1 T-54
ARMED FORCES 14th Motorized Rifle Division

The armed forces of the Czech and Slovak Republics are similar in At the start of the war, this was a tank division. The 14th spear-
makeup, but have different missions. The Czech armed forces are headed the drive into Germany in 1997 and was badly mauled in the
supposed to guard the republic, as well as still pursuing the war with 1998counteroffensive. It was reorganizedas a motorized rifledivision
Germany and Western forces. The Slovak army is charged with and sent to Moravia. It is no longer obeying orders from headquarters.
defending the borders of the Slovak Republic, and that is all. Because Subordination: None
of this difference, and the fact that the Slovak Republic had neitherthe Current Location: Opava, Czech Republic
resources or the population to build and support a large army, the Manpower: 1900
Slovak Army is smaller. Tanks: 6 T-72s, 3 T-55s
The troops in each country are nominally under orders of each
republic’s government, since each republic is under martial law. 15th Motorized Rifle Division
However, localmilitarycommandersdo pretty much what they want to The 15th is the real Slovak government east of Zilina, a more-or-
do, ignoring orders from the civilian governments. less local army which resists the idea of sharing with its meager
resources with the rest of the Slovak Republic, as well as with the
1st Tank Division Czechs.
This unit is currently in cantonment. Subordination: None
Subordination: Czech 1st Army Current Location: Presov, Slovak Republic
Current Location: Liberec, Czech Republic Manpower: 1200
Tanks: 6 T-72s, 2 T-55s
4th Tank Division This unit is currently in cantonment.
This unit is currently in cantonment. Subordination: Czech 1st Army
Subordination: Czech 4th Army Current Location: Teplice, Czech Republic
Current Location: Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic Manpower: 1100
Tanks: 2 T-72s
9th Tank Division This unit is in cantonment in Bratislava, serving as the military arm
This unit is currently in cantonment. of the Slovak Republic.
Subordination: Czech 4th Army Subordination: None
Current Location: Pilsen, Czech Republic Current Location: Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Tanks: 1 T-72,3 T-55s Tanks: 2 T-55s
13th Tank Division 1st Air Assault Brigade

This unit is currently attached to the Czech High Command Re- The 1st AAB conducted a number of deep-penetration raids into
serve, which means that it is the military government of the Czech Germany in 1997 and was transferred to the Opava area for rest and
Republic. refit in the fall of 1998.
Subordination: Czech High Command Reserve Subordination: None
Current Location: Prague (Praha), Czech Republic Current Location: Opava, Czech Republic
2nd Motorized Rifle Division Soviet 2nd Tank Diviaion

This unit is currently in cantonment. This division fought well against the initial German invasion, and
Subordination: Czech 1st Army was heavily engaged in combat throughout the war. it stopped
Current Location: Libkovice, Czech Republic answering orders in early 1999, and is thought to be operating as a
Manpower: 1200 marauder band at this time.
Tanks: None Subordination: None
Current Location: Near Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Manpower:2000
Tanks: 6 T-80s
28
HISTORY to maintain wheeled vehicles for military units, and civilians obtain
Once part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the nation of some through black market trade with those units.
Hungary ceased to be a major player in European politics after
World War 1. During World War 11, it allied with Germany and POPULATION
supplied troops for the Eastern Front. In late 1944, the leader of Hungary’s population has dropped from a pre-war total of over
Hungary proclaimed an armistice, and was immediately arrested 10 million to around 6 millionpeople. Most of them were rural before
by the Germans, who then installed a new government. Soviet thewar; the useofnuclearweaponsonHungary’scitiesdroveeven
forces began their liberation of Hungary in late 1944 also, and more people away from urban areas. Now, the only cities still
by January of 1945 held most of the country (the most notable occupied are those where there are military units to provide an
exception being the capital city of Budapest), when they estab- economic base: Budapest (942,000), Debrecen (67,000), Miskolc
lished their own Hungarian government. Budapest fell in Febru- (53,000), PBcs (49,000), and Gyor (31,000).
ary of 1945, and the Soviet-backed government became pre-
dominant. INDUSTRY AND ECONOMY
The pro-Stalinistgovernment was not favored by the people or Hungarian industry once produced chemicals. Seen as a valu-
by the Catholic Church in Hungary, and there was a general anti- able war resource, this industry was bombed by NATO (using both
Soviet uprising in 1956, which was brutally quashed by military nuclear and conventional weapons) and destroyed. This destruc-
action. The protests and unrest of the ’80s led to political change, tion, combined with the loss of fuel shipments from Romania,
and in 1989 the Communist government of Hungary was abol- stopped Hungarian bauxite and coal mining. The result was a
ished, and the Republic of Hungary was born. virtual destruction of all Hungarian industry above thecottage level.
Relations with Germany and Romania were strained. Hungar- Hungarian farmers made do with animals instead of tractors, and
ian efforts to bring the Romanian government to the bargaining have managed to actually expand their agricultural holdings,
table were rebuffed, and racial violence against ethnic Romanians although their existence is still at a subsistence level.
living in Hungary increased. As Germany became more radicaland
the new Soviet Union swallowed Belarus and attacked Ukraine, the THE HUNGARIANS
Hungarian government became concerned for its own safety, and The people of Hungary are largely ethnic Hungarians, but over
entered the New Warsaw Pact in 1996. Later that year, aided by its 5% of the population is composed of ethnic Romanians, predomi-
allies, the Hungarian Army invaded Romania. NATO declared war nantly in the western part of the country. Smaller fractions of the
on Hungary and began bombing in 1997. By 1998, Hungary was population include Germans, Croats, Serbs, Slovaks, Slovenes,
broken as a national power. and other ethnic groups. The majority of the populace is Christian
Currently, Hungary is a nation of farmers and other ruralites (Roman Catholic). Hungarian is part ofthe Ugricgroupof theAltaic
trying to eke out a living from the soil. Its military power exists only language family (see Twilight: 2000, page 47).
to attempt to hold on to Hungarian conquests in Romania. The Roman Catholic Church was astrong political force before
Communism. Now that the Communist government is gone, the
GEOGRAPHY church is once again a potent political force. The military govern-
Hungary is a wooded, fertile country, bordered by the Slovak ment doesn’t have the resources or inclination to deal with the
Republic to the north, by Austria and Slovenia to the west, by problems of the populace, so the church steps in to do what it can.
Croatia and Serbia to the south, and by Romania and Ukraine to The racial unrest between ethnic Hungarians and ethnic Ro-
the east. The climate is temperate, with long, dry summers and manians has lapped across the border. Romanian partisans often
severe winters. cross to attack Hungarian supply convoys (convoys usually
engaged in taking supplies out of Romania), and they terrorize the
TRANSPORTATION Hungarians as a matter of form. Hungarian military personnel
Hungary’s road and rail net suffered extensively from un- don’t travel in the northeastern part of Hungary without an armed
contested NATO bombing during the early stages of the war. This convoy.
tactical bombing strategy was explained as the organization’s
attempt to assist the Romanian war. As a result, much of the road GOVERNMENT
network is not suitable for high-speed traffic (most of the inter- The pre-war government of the Republic of Hungary was never
changes were knocked apart). The rail network was almost com- dissolved; it was merely forgotten during the war. The military
pletely destroyed by the loss of 94% of its rolling stock. government of Hungarian High Command has taken control of the
Strangely enough, there is some transport still rolling in Hun- country, control which is exercised only within the radius of military
gary. Trade with the Soviets in Romania supplies enough motor oil patrols.
29

30

ARMED FORCES 4th Motorized Rifle Brigade

Most of the Hungarian Army spent the war in action against This unit is in cantonment.
Romania, or on internal security duties. The Hungarian 5th Army Subordination: High Command Reserve
command has dissolved, and the corps now reports (ostensively, Current Location: Budapest, Hungary
at least) directly to the Hungarian High Command Headquarters in Manpower: 500
Budapest. Tanks: None
1st Tank Brigade 1st Assault Helicopter Regiment

In cantonment around Pecs, this unit is dug in to resist guerrilla The personnel of this regiment have been serving as infantry,
attacks from Serbs striking north across the border. since lack of fuel has grounded their aircraft. The unit is presently
Subordination: 1st Combined Arms Corps in cantonment around the outskirts of Budapest.
Current Location: Pecs, Hungary Subordination: High Command Reserve
Manpower: 600 Current Location: Budapest, Hungary
Tanks: 5 T-72s Manpower: 200
Tanks: None
2nd Tank Brigade Helicopters: 2 Mi-24 Hinds, 4 Mi-8 Hips
For more information, see "Romania," page 32.
Subordination: 3rd Combined Arms Corps
Current Location: Oradea, Romania
Manpower: 600
Tanks: 5 T-72s
3rd Tank Brigade

This brigade is in cantonment, and acts as an extension of the
military government, since it is not strong enough to venture into
Romania in the face of guerrilla activity.
Subordination: 2nd Combined Arms Corps
Current Location: Debrecen, Hungary
Manpower: 300
Tanks: 3 T-72s, 2 T-55s
1st Motorized Rifle Brigade

For more information, see "Romania," page 32.
Subordination: 3rd Combined Arms Corps
Current Location: Cluj, Romania
Manpower: 700
Tanks: 3 T-55s
2nd Motorized Rifle Brigade

In case of emergency, the brigade is to assist the 3rd Tank
Brigade in repelling Romanian invaders.
Subordination: 2nd Combined Arms Corps
Current Location: Miskolc, Hungary
Manpower: 400
Tanks: None
3rd Motorized Rifle Brigade

The 3rd is dug in around Gyor to defend from the possibility of
allied attack from Austria.
Subordination: 1st Combined Arms Corps
Current Location: Gyor, Hungary
Manpower: 600
Tanks: None
31

32
HISTORY Bulgaria, and Soviet troops invaded the country in a suspiciously

Romania was created from a hodge-podge of small kingdoms rapid fashion. Romania declared war and appealed to NATO for
that were conquered by the Ottoman Empire in the late Middle aid. Forces from Ukraine and Serbiacame to assist, declaringwar
Ages. (As a matter of historical and popular interest, one of these on the trio themselves. Ukraine and Romania agreed to unify
territories is Transylvania.)After World War I, Romaniawas united Moldavia with Romania as an act of alliance, and NATO recog-
asasinglecountry. Itentered World War IIasaGermanallyin order nized the two countries as new members of the organization.
to fight Stalin’s government, and Romanian troops served on the Claiming the need to assist its NATO allies, Turkey attacked
Russian Front. In August 1944,the Romaniangovernment saw the Bulgarians at Thrace (critics claim that it was just a good excuse
handwriting on the wall (and the approach of Soviet troops) and for something they were going to do anyway). With the general
switched sides. Romania ended up in the Soviet sphere of influ- war raging throughout East Europe, the Romanian war swiftly
ence, along with the rest of East Europe. became one of attrition, with the Soviets sending in third-rate
The country remained a Soviet food and wine producer until the units. The Romanianswere better, but the amount of Soviet troops
mid-l98Os, when the excesses of the country’s dictatorial ruler, simply began to overwhelm them. In 1997, theendcamewhen the
President Nicolae Ceausescu, drew international attention. His Soviets started using tactical nuclear weapons after the Serbs
policies and record of ignoring civil rights angered the rest of withdrew to defend their own home. Romania was captured, its
Europe, and both France and Germany withdrew their ambassa- army run off to the mountains, where they began to plague the
dors in 1989. In the same year, demonstrations in Budapest Soviets and Hungarians who remained to occupy the country.
protested resettlementof ethnic Hungarians. Ceausescu’s police The hard winter struck Romania with disease, killing off many
broke up the demonstrationswith excessively brutal violence. This more people than the war. Still, the country seems to be recovering
sparked apopular uprising, and Ceausescuwas overthrownby the from itscatastrophe,due to its dependence on agriculture. Only the
end of the year and executed. constant warfare between the guerrilla Romanian units and the
The new coalition government suffered from infighting as occupation troops keeps the general war alive.
various parties jockeyed for control. International relations were
also stymied. In 1990, Romania refused to attend a summit GEOGRAPHY
meeting with Hungary to discuss the conditions of Magyars Romania is bounded on the north by the Slovak Republic and
(ethnic Hungarians) living in Romania. Ethnic Romanians in the Russia, by Hungary on the northwest, by what’s left of Yugoslavia
Soviet Republic of Moldavia rioted and went on strike in 1991, on the southwest,by Bulgariaon the south, by the Black Seaon the
demanding political autonomy and eventual union with Romania. east, and by Ukraineto the northeast. It includes the former Soviet
The Ukrainian government protested on behalf of the ethnic Republic of Moldavia, which joined Romania in 1996.
Ukrainians living in Moldavia. The riots were suppressed by SVD The country is a mixture of extremely mountainousterrain, river
(the Romanian security forces) troops, and Moscow accused the valleys, and agricultural flatlands. The Carpathian Mountains run
Romanian government of fomenting the unrest. Romaniaclaimed right through the middle of the country. It has truly temperate
that it was not acting in retaliation, but arrested five KGB agents weather, which is to say the worst of both worlds: hot summers and
who they claim had been inciting unrest among Romanian ethnic cold winters. Its cities and roads did not suffer as much nuclear
Hungarians.The situation didn’t get better with time, and in 1995 devastation as others in Europe, because the Soviets were using
Magyars began rioting in Transylvanian cities. When the riots most of the nukes, and they didn’t want to destroy vital objectives
were suppressed by Romanian riot police, the Hungarian govern- such as the famed Ploesti oil fields. Therefore, most Romanian
ment claimed that the Romanian government was waging a sort cities are in fairly good repair, and still occupied.
of genocidal conflict. In 1996, the situation came to a head when
Romanian police killed a man crossing the Hungarian border, TRANSPORTATION
claiming he was a Hungarian smuggler. Hungary suspended Transportation in Romaniais largely by road.The railwayscould
diplomatic relations in response. Three days later, a train station be easily repaired, but are too vulnerable to partisan attacks.
at Cluj was blown up. The Hungarian government claimed it was Therefore, the armed forces in the country move by road, as do
Romanian government provocateurs, while the Romanian gov- some of the people. Romania is one of the few places where
ernment claimed it was Hungarian spies. In order to prevent such automobiles are seen working, since not that many were de-
actions, Romanian police began arresting Magyars en masse. stroyed, and the wine-producing country can make plenty of
The Magyars seceded from Romania and set up a rival capital at alcohol to power them.
Oradea. When Romanian troops moved north to deal with insur-
rection, Hungary protested, formally recognizing the newgovern- POPULATION
ment. When Romania refused to cease hostilities, Hungary, Most of the people of RomanidMoldavia live in the rural areas,
33

a pattern remaining from before the war. The importance of cohesive unit structure, although they no longer have a higher
agriculture has always dictated a rural populace, and the loss of command to report to. A multitude of others have fragmented into
urban services following the war only reinforces this pattern. Ten guerrillas, haunting the mountains. Hungarian and Soviet forces
million of Romania’s 14 million people live in the country, particu- are included here, since they are in possessionof large parts of the
larly in the former Republic of Moldavia, where 85% of the terrain country. All units of all nationalities are equipped with Warsaw Pact
is used for cultivation. Still, a number of Romanian cities still retain equipment, and are usually at a loss for fuel (with the exception of the
enough population to deserve the title: Bucharest, the pre-war Soviets near the Ploesti oil fields),ammunition, and general supply.
capital (1,47O,OOO), Kishinev, the former capital of Moldavia
(356,000), Constanza (250,000), lasi (190,000),Timisoara 1st Motor Rifle Division
(163,000), Cluj (159,000), Galati (108,000), Brasov (104,000), Subordination: None
Craiova (102,000), Ploesti (101,OOO),Braila (96,000),Oradea Current Location: Near Bucharest, Romania
(84,000), and Buzau (75,000). Manpower: 900
Tanks: 1 TR-85
INDUSTRY AND ECONOMY
Romania and Moldaviawere never industrial powerhouses like 9th Motor Rifle Division
Czechoslovakia. Industrialcapacity was largely limitedto process- This division operates as partisans fighting the Hungarian
ing the natural resources and products of agriculture: Ploesti’s oil, occupation, north and northwest of the city of Cluj. They have
wines, vegetables, and so on. There is very little industry left now: plenty of support from ethnic Romanians.
only a few refineries at Ploesti, and a number of wine-makers Subordlnatlon: None
scattered across the country. Agriculture is booming, though, and Current Location: Cluj area, Romania
Romanians (and the occupation troops) eat better than most of the Manpower: 1100
rest of Europe. Tanks: None
THE ROMANIANS 18th Motor Rifle Division

RomaniaandMoldaviaare occupied by a typical East European This division operates as anti-Hungarianpartisans in the vicinity
mix of Slavic peoples. The primary peoples of the country are of Timisoara.
ethnic Romanians, ethnic Hungarians, and ethnic Ukrainians. Subordination: None
They practice Christianity, although the ethnic Hungarians are Current Location: Timisoara area, Romania
largely Roman Catholic, and the ethnic Romanians are largely Manpower: 1100
Romanian Orthodox, a fact which only increases friction between Tanks: 2 TR-85s
the two peoples. The official language of the country is Romanian,
but ethnic Hungarians flaunt this by openly communicating in 2nd/6th Mountain Brigade
Hungarian and ignoring Romanian. Romanian is part of the East This unit is an amalgamation of the two Romanian mountain
Romance Group of the Romance Linguistic Family (see Twilight: units, and is dispersed in cantonments along the Danube River, in
2000, page 47). Moldavian is almost identical to Romanian. the Turnu Severin area.
The bad blood between the Hungarians and Romanians goes Subordination: None
back into ancient history, a litany of disagreements, wars, and Current Location: Turnu Severin area, Romania
atrocities that extends into the present. The invasion of Romania Manpower: 900
isjust the latest indignity. Because of this, Romanians and Hungar- Tanks: None
ians react very badly to each other, and both peoples will be
suspicious of strangers, until they can determine whose side the HUNGARIAN ARMY
strangers are on.
2nd Tank Brigade
GOVERNMENT This unit is in cantonment, dug in against constant partisan
Romania has no central government. Instead, there are two attacks.
military spheres of influence (central Romania, including Ploesti Subordination: 3rd Combined Arms Corps
and Bucharest, under control of the Soviets, and western Roma- Current Location: Oradea, Romania
nia, under control of the Hungarians). The rest of the country is Manpower: 600
lawless, but fairly peaceful. Military power there rests in the hands Tanks: 5 T-72s
of the partisans, and they leave the populace alone, concentrating
theirefforts on the invaders.Theexceptiontothisisinthewesternpart 1st Motorized Rifle Brigade
of the country, which is Magyar territory.There, the partisans harass the This unit is dug in and doesn’t patrol much. It is, in essence, a
ethnic Hungarians, as well as the Hungarian occupation forces. beleaguered security force keeping control of Cluj, constantly
battered by the partisans in the area.
ARMED FORCES Subordination: 3rd Combined Arms Corps
Current Location: Cluj, Romania
ROMANIAN ARMY Manpower: 700
Only four Romanian units remain somewhat intact, with a Tanks: 2 T-55s, 1 TR-85
34

SOVIET
ARMY 42nd Guards Tank Division
The 42nd was another Kiev Category I I division, like the 14th. It
32nd Air Assault Brigade joined the Danube Front reserves, and was ordered into action in
The 32nd saw a lot of action during the war, staging a multitude August 1997, where it spearheaded the Ploesti campaign and
of deep-penetrationstrikes intoAustriaand the Balkans.They have destroyed Romanianforces routed by nuclearweapons.It remains
enough gasoline from the Ploesti oil fields to keep some of their guarding the Ploesti oil fields from major attack.
helicopters flying, and are used primarilyas a rapid-responseforce Subordination: 3rd Guards Tank Army
in the RomanidUkraine area. Current Location: Ploesti, Romania
Subordination: Danube Front Manpower: 3000
Current Location: Bucharest, Romania Tanks: 27 T-72s
Manpower: 750
Aircraft: 2 Mi-28s, 3 Mi-27s 117th Guards Tank Division
The 117th was one of the rare casualties of the war, a division
24th Motorized Rifle Division actually hit by a NATO nuclear strike. The unit had to be reorga-
The 24th was deployed in Romania in the 1997 summer nized as cavalry, and is heavily engaged in anti-partisanactivities.
offensive, and remains as part of the Soviet occupation force. Subordination: 3rd Guards Tank Army
Subordination: 38th Army Current Location: Central Romania
Current Location: Craiova, Romania Manpower: 400 cavalry
Tanks: 36 T-72s
97th Motorized Rifle Division Thisdivision was sent into action against Romaniaand Yugosla-
The 97th was ambushed during the drive on Bucharest in 1998. via in 1997. The year 1998 was spent fighting Romanian partisans
A massive partisan attack routed the division, and it was withdrawn and resurgent Romanian military units. Late that year, the division
to Ploesti for protection.The unit is now the permanent garrison of was ambushed and nearly destroyed. It stopped answering com-
the Ploesti area. mands and is thought to have become marauders.
Subordination: 38th Army Subordination: None
Current Location: Ploesti, Romania Current Location: Somewhere in Romania
Manpower: 600 Manpower: 300?
Tanks: 4 T-72s Tanks: None?
13th Tank Division

A Category I I division, the 13th was sent into action against
Romanian forces in summer 1997, when it participated in the
destruction of the RomanianArmy and the capture of the Ploestioil
fields. It has remained in position there, controlling the fields and
defending against partisan attack.
Subordination: 3rd Guards Tank Army
Current Location: Central Romania
Manpower: 3000
Tanks: 1 T-80
14th Tank Division (Cavalry)

This unit was a Category I I division as well. Equipped to near
TO&E strength, it was sent into Romania in April 1997, but fared
poorly and was mauled, losing most of itsvehicles. Becauseof this,
it was converted to actual horse cavalry. It now functions as the
main patrol defense of the Bucharest area.
Subordination: 3rd Guards Tank Army
Current Location: Bucharest
Tanks: 1 T-72
35
HISTORY the west, it shares boundaries with Romania, Poland, Slovakia,

The country of Ukraine began, at different times, as part of and Hungary. To the south, Ukraine and its island/peninsula
Lithuania and Poland. The actual country appeared politically in Crimea lookout over the Black Sea. Its terrain ranges from the
1917, when it declared its own independence as part of the Carpathian Mountains in the west to the Dnieper (Dnipro) River
Bolshevik Revolution sweeping Russia. The Bolsheviks overran Valley which bisects the country. The weather is temperate, par-
Ukraine and occupied it in 1918, until the Treaty of Brest-Litovosk ticularly in the southern part of the country.
ceded the country to Germany, as part of the Russian defeat in
World War I. Following the war, the Bolsheviks attemptedto retake TRANSPORTATION
Ukraine, a civil war watched closely by the Western nations- Even before the war, Ukraine had trouble getting fuel for its
Churchill wanted England to go to war against the Bolsheviks, and vehicles. Deemed a group of troublemakers by the Russians, oil
some aid was sent to assist the ”White Russians,” as the anti- was diverted from the Caucasus oil fields for the Russian economy.
Bolsheviks were known. In the end, the Bolsheviks won, conquer- The roads and rail net in Ukraine were left untouchedby both Soviet
ing Ukraine in 1920. This didn’t stop the Ukrainians from outbursts and NATO bombing, and are some of the best left in the former
of nationalism. The new leader of the Bolsheviks, Josef Stalin, Warsaw Pact territory. The fact is that there just isn’t enough
ordered repressions and atrocities to keep the rebellious populace gasoline and lubrication oil left to run very many vehicles.
under control. Those with animal transport, or their own vehicles, can go from
Ukrainewas invadedduringWorld Warllfor itsagriculturalresources. one end of Ukraine to another. Even the rail bridges are still intact,
During the see-saw war, 6 million Ukrainians were killed. but aging from lack of maintenance.
Repressive Stalinist control returned to Ukraine for the next 40 The lack of gasoline has had less of an effect on traffic in the
years. Even the progressive policies ofglasnostmeant little for the Black Sea. Wind-drivenships are very popular, and quite economi-
people of Ukraine; its conservative leadership made certain that cal. It is even rumored that there are some few ex-Soviet nuclear
government control was not relaxed. When changes did arrive, submarines running around in the sea, but these rumors are
they were directly due to the largest nuclear accident the world had impossible to confirm or deny.
seen (up until the nuclear holocaust of the present war)-the
accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Chernobyl brought POPULATION
the country into international focus, and fault for the incident was Ukraine’s pre-war population of 52 million people has suffered
laid on the country’s leaders. The process gained momentum, from the other two horsemen of Revelations: disease and famine.
assisted by the political chaos of the Soviet Bloc, and the state of Millions died from diseases that would have been easily cured
Ukraine declared itself independent in 1989. before the war; a cholera epidemic swept four of the country’s
The hard-liner pogrom of 1991 came as a shock for the govern- major cities in 1998. The hard winter killed more from starvation.
ment of Ukraine, which joined its neighbor Belarus in denouncing Still, 37 million survive, mostly living in the country where the food
the new government and its new USSR. Soviet troops moved to is raised. The huge cities are largely abandoned (although Kiev is
secure both countries, allowing them to keep their governments as partially nuked-out, it is still populated), for there is no way to get
long as they toed the Soviet line.This hostility was returned in force clean water and power for them. Those still occupied to some
in 1996, when Ukrainian troops declared their allegiance to the extent are Kiev, thecapital(1,890,000), thecoal-mining city Donetsk
government of Ukraine, supporting it against the Soviets in hopes (2,804,000) , Dnipropet rovosk (3,590,000) , Odessa (1,468,000),
that lossesontheChinafrontwill keepthecentralgovernmentfrom Kharkov (995,000), Sevastopol/Balaklava (863,000), Kirovohrad
sending military units to reconquer the country. They were wrong, (520,000), Lvov (311,OOO),and Khmelnytskyy (259,000). Donetsk
of course: The Soviets sent troops to both Ukraine and Belarus, and Dnipropetrovoskcan support such large populations by gen-
and the fighting began anew. The hostilities were put to an abrupt erating power from the area’s abundant coal.
end by the nuclear war, when NATO bombs fell on any Soviet unit
that looked like a good target. INDUSTRY AND ECONOMY
The bombings put paid to Ukraine’s importance to the Soviet Fortunately for the Ukrainians, the country’s economy was
Union. The Kremlin deemed that the rebellious nation was hardly based on two items: coal and agriculture. The coal shafts were
worth the trouble of wasting more valuable units on it. The Soviets sunk deep during the industrial age, and some small-scale mining
pulled out of the region, leaving it to the natives, who vowed that is possible to fuel the power plants in coal country. The country’s
Russians shall never again control their country. black soil had always been fertile and rich, with exports of veg-
etables and vodka going to other countries in the Soviet Union.
GEOGRAPHY Now, the export situation is not as critical, and the foodstuffs are
Ukraine is bounded on most of its eastern border by Russia. To kept at home. While Ukraine is not likely to become a major world
36
industrial power in the near future, the people are less likely to 27th Tank Division
starve than those in many other countries. The 27th was native to Ukraine. Sent to the Chinese front, it saw
Of special import are the country's five nuclear power plants. All heavy action before being returned to the western front, where it
of these have been either bombed or sabotaged, by the Soviets, took part in the 1998 summer offensive. After taking heavy losses,
NATO, dissidents, or other unknown attackers. The areas around the unit declared for NATO and returned to Ukraine, near the Lvov
these plants are avoided by the wise-although none of them have region.
approached Chernobyl's level of radiation. Subordination: None
Current Location: Western Ukraine
THE UKRAJNJANS Manpower: 4000
The Ukrainians are a fiercely independent people, happy to be Tanks: None
free of outside rule for the first time in avery long time indeed. Even
if the world had to fall apart around them to accomplish freedom, 4th Motorized Rifle Division
they're still optimistic about the future, for if they're in bad shape, This division was raised from the Kiev MD and was convertedto
Russia and everyone else who would conquer them are in worse MRD status in late 1997. The division saw limited action in
shape. Romanian-occupationduty during 1998. It was ordered to Ukraine
The country's official language is Ukrainian, part of the East in 1999 to fight the Ukrainian rebels. Upon arrival, the unit revolted
Slavic group of the Balto-Slavic linguistic family (see Twilight: and has fought several actions since, against both loyalist and
2000, page 47). The majority of the populace is Christian. rebels alike.
With the lack of active government assistance, the average Subordination: None
Ukrainian has become fairly self-sufficient. They are friendly to Current Location: Near Uman, Ukraine
non-Russians, but are still wary of strangers-there are too many Manpower: 2000
marauder bands in the country to trust people you don't know. Tanks: 4 T-72s
GOVERNMENT 341st Tank Division

Thecountry'sgovernmentstillrulesfrom Kiev, and is aconglom- This unit was making its way from Ukraine to the western front
eration of representatives from country districts, former military in 1997 when it was hit by a tactical nuclear weapon. The survivors
officers, and prosperous citizens. The assembly doesn't manage refused to follow any more orders from the Soviets and have made
to accomplish much, for the Ukrainian government is very, very their way back to Ukraine, where they operate as a sort of super-
poor. There are those who think this fact does more good than militia unit; farmers one day, soldiers the next.
harm. The one positive task the government accomplishes is to Subordination: None
operate a courier service across the nation, as a sort of "Pony Current Location: Near Vinnytsya, Ukraine
Express" and general warning system. Manpower: 600
Tanks: 2 T-55s
ARMED FORCES
UKRAINIAN
ARMY The 66th Guards was raised in the Carpathian MD, and onlysaw
Ukraine doesn't really have much in the way of standing armed limited service in Romania. In late 1998, the division left its
forces. When the Soviets attacked in 1997, most of the few occupation position in central Romania and turned marauder. It is
Ukrainian units left were destroyed and disbanded. However, the thought to be somewhere near the Moldavian/Ukrainian border.
conflict left quite a few weapons lying about, and every settlement Subordination: None
has its own weapons cache, and plenty of people trained to use Current Location: Moldavian/Ukrainian border
them. The cities have larger militias, equipped with wagons, light Manpower: 600?
artillery, and some tanks. Most of these are commanded by former Tanks: 4 (variety unknown)
Ukrainian officers.
There are some remnants of Soviet units left in Ukraine. Some 72nd Guards Motorized Rifle Division
have turned marauder, others claim to be loyal to the Kremlin. Mobilized around Khmelnytskyy in 1997, the 72nd's entry into
the war was postponed while administrativeblunders delayed unit
18th Guards Tank Division readiness.Once the unit was up to combat strength, it revolted and
The 18th has a checkered past, raised as a Category IIdivision declared for Ukraine. The division is now the city's militia and
from the Kiev MD. Heavily engaged in the war against China, the combat arm.
division was brought back to Europe and assigned to the Bulgarian Subordination: None
assault in 1997. After taking heavy losses there, the division was Current Location: Khmelnytskyy, Ukraine
withdrawn to Ukraine for rebuilding. While there, the unit stopped Manpower: 3000
returning orders, and is believed to have gone rogue. Tanks: 18 T-72s
Subordination: None
Current Location: Ukraine
Manpower: 2000
Tanks: 2 T-72s
37
38

yooqaanos adom3 $sea

Activated to perform anti-partisanactivity in the Carpathians, the
126th revolted and joined with several other units declaring revo-
lution in 1999.
Subordination: None
Current Location: Near Lvov, Ukraine
Manpower: 2000
Tanks: None
ARMY
RUSSIAN
33rd Guards Motorized Rifle Division

Raised in Odessa, the 33rd Guards was sent to the China front
in 1996. Later that year, the division took par! in driving the Turks
from Bulgaria. As the division was being returned to Ukraine, it
came under NATO air attack and suffered heavy losses. It still
remains loyal to Soviet command.
Subordination: 19th Army
Current Location: Near Sumy, Ukraine
Manpower: 600
Tanks: 3 T-72s

Brought back from the China front to bolster Soviet forces in
Austria, the 70th was caught near Kiev by NATO bombers and hit
by a nuclearstrike.Theremnants of the division fled to cantonment
near Chortkov. The division is still loyal to the Soviet command.
Current Location: Near Chortkov, Ukraine
Manpower: 100
Tanks: None
92nd Guards Motorized Rifle Division

An Odessa MD division, the 92nd saw action against Romania
in 1996, against the Turks in 1997, and then sent back to Ukraine
to fight the growing revolution. It was heavily damaged fighting the
20th Guards Tank Division.
Current Location: Near Berdichev, Ukraine
Manpower: 400 128th Guards Motorized Rifle Division
Tanks: None The 128th served in the Far East in 1996, then returned to help
stop the NATO summer offensive in southern Poland in 1998. It
98th Guards Motorized Rifle Division was hit by a tactical nuclear strike on the way to the front and nearly
Assigned to the offensive in Thrace, the 98th was withdrawn to destroyed.
assist in keeping order in Ukraine in 1998. When the revolution Subordination: 13th Army
broke out, the 98th found itself fighting many of its former com- Current Location: Ternopol, Ukraine
rades-in-arms. Manpower: 400
Subordination: 19th Army Tanks: None
Current Location: Near Berdichev, Ukraine
Manpower: 4000 14th Air Assault Brigade
Tanks: 4 T-72s The 14th was used in the Far East, where it suffered heavy
casualties. Sent back to Ukraine, it was reinforced and used as a
ground unit in Austria in 1998. In late 1998, it was returned to
Ukraine as a security force.
Subordination: Ukrainian Front
Current Location: Near Sumy, Ukraine
Manpower: 750
Tanks: None
40

East EuroDe Sourcebook
HISTORY there to dig in to protect the country against its neighbors. At

Like the rest of the Balkans, Bulgaria was part of the Ottoman present, conditions inside Bulgaria verge on anarchy, outside the
Empire. After achieving independence in 1908, Bulgaria was small areas controlled by remaining Bulgarian military units.
caught up in the favorite pastime of the Balkans: namely, trying to
expand national borders at the expense of one’s neighbors. Allied GEOGRAPHY
with Serbia and Greece, Bulgaria took part in the little-known Bulgaria is located on the western shore of the Black Sea,
Balkan Wars of 1912-1913. The Bulgars were given the job of flanked by Romania, Macedonia, Yugoslavia (what’s left of it),
invading Thrace, and of conquering Istanbul, if they could. While Turkey, and Greece. Three of the country’s borders are spared the
Istanbul was not taken, the wars did net plenty of land for Bulgaria heavy mountains of the rest of the Balkan countries, although the
and its allies, land which was steadily lost over the years. mountains do begin anew in the interior. Bulgaria is in a temperate
In the World Wars, Bulgaria showed poor judgment by allying zone, which means that the country suffers the worst of seasonal
withGermanyboth times. In 1944, thecountrywasoccupied bythe temperature extremes-summers are usually hot, and winters
Soviets. In 1947, Bulgaria became a “Peoples’ Republic,” and cold, differing from the country’s southern neighbors and their
remained one of the staunchest Communist Bloc states, interna- Mediterranean climates. The once-urban population has largely
tionally known for its notorious “Bulgarian assassins”and not much deserted the cities. The countryside is dotted with these once-proud
else. sprawls, each surrounded with fields growing food to sustain their ever
Change came to Bulgaria in 1988, when semi-free elections shrinking populations. A crude road network still links them.
were permitted as part of the political movement drifting down from
Czechoslovakia. Protest marches began in 1989, as the populace TRANSPORTATION
began to make its displeasure with the government known. Poor Before the war, motor transport in Bulgaria was limited. Follow-
economic conditions made matters worse for the Communist ing the war, it is even more limited. Most road traffic is animal-
government.Things were so bad that limited rationing was put into drawn. Somesmall amountsofmotortranspottcanbefound (there
effect. Democratic government was established in 1992. Shortly is a large quantity of old Russian trucks available for salvage, left
thereafter, government scandals, concerning both old Communist over from the war); the problem is that there is precious little fuel oil
and new interim leaders, further eroded Bulgarian confidence in or (more importantly) lubricating oil at hand. Most of the time, the
their government. Finally, governmental affairs stabilized, along only way to acquire oil is through trading with or raiding the
with the economy (which was still poor, but at least not getting Romanians.
worse). Bulgaria’s rail system wasn’t first-rate, but it was passable. The
Bulgaria was still trying to better itself when the assassination ravages of war have utterly destroyed it. Scavenging of the rails
riots started in 1995.ABulgarian national accused of attempting to and rolling stock have completed the destruction.
assassinatethe Turkish president died in custody. Despite Turkish
protestations of innocence, the news touched off anti-Turkish riots. POPULATION
Turks were advised to leave Bulgaria. Riots in Turkey, protesting Bulgaria’s population suffered the same reversals as the rest of
Bulgarian riots, echoed the sentiments, bad blood left over from the the world’s peoples. The hard winter of 1997-98 brought famine,
days of the Ottoman Empire. disease, and crop destruction-in Sofia, temperatures reached
In 1996, Bulgariajoined the New Warsaw Pact, hoping that the lows of -30”Celsius. In the end, most of the people found that they
military alliance would help shield them from possible Turkish couldn’t survive in the cities without power, and they started
aggression. As it turned out, the alliance fostered pre-emptive returning to the land. Most of Bulgaria’s 4 million live in hamlets and
aggression. Late that year, Bulgarian troops joined the joint inva- small clusters of hastily built farmhouses. The remainder are
sion of Romania. On Christmas Eve, Turkey invaded Bulgariafrom spread through the remnants of the cities: Sofia (450,000, a far cry
the south, choosing the attack while Bulgaria’s borders were from its old 2 million-plus), Varna (400,000, sustained by fishing
scantily defended. The Turkish attack went better than the Bulgar- and home to the trading fleet), Burgas (320,000, another Black Sea
ian one; the New Warsaw Pact alliance shifted Soviet troops from port), Plovdiv (300,000), Khaskovo (290,000), Lovech (203,000),
Romania to Bulgaria to fight the Turks in 1997. Unable to maintain Razgrad (153,000), and Mikhaylovgrad (47,000).
the pace with other calls for their forces, the Soviets used tactical Bulgarian is part of the Slavic group of the Balto-Slavic language
nuclear weapons to break the Turkish forces, and Bulgarian forces family (see Twilight: 2000, page 47).
raced for Istanbul, a drive which was stopped by NATO nuclear
weapons. INDUSTRY AND ECONOMY
The nuclear strikes ended the war, and practically destroyed the Bulgaria used to be known for its manufactured goods and wine
Bulgarian Army. The remnants of that army withdrew to Bulgaria, (in 1991, Bulgaria was the world’s fourth largest wine exporter).


GDW East EuroDe Sourcebook
However,when the war deprived the country of fuel and electricity, 3rd Motorized Rifle Division
the manufacturing shut down, as did exports. Bulgaria had always The 3rd also didn’t participate in the war that much. Its location
been in a tenuous position economically, since less than a third of in Burgas explains its large boat complement.
the country’s power requirements were produced domestically. Subordination: Bulgarian 3rd Army
The wine-growing still survives, since it requires no fuel or Current Location: Burgas, Bulgaria
electricity. Together with other crops, agriculture dominates Manpower: 1500
Bulgaria’s economy. The wine trade enables the Bulgariansto buy Boats: 39
oil from Romania and some manufacturedgoods from Greece and
Ukraine (via the Black Sea). 7th Motorized Rifle Division
In theory, the7thfunctions asasecondary lineof defenseincase
THE BULGARIANS of Turkish attack.
The Bulgarians are a mixture of peoples: Macedonians, Serbs, Subordination: Bulgarian 3rd Army
Turks, Romanians, etc. The official language of Bulgariais Bulgar- Current Location: Yambol, Bulgaria
ian, but other languages are common as well. The majority of the Manpower: 1200
population is Christian, with a sizable minority of Moslems. Tanks: None
Like many of their Balkan neighbors,the peoples of Bulgariaare
wary of strangers (which means anyone they don’t know person- 17th Motorized Rifle Division
ally; it’s worse if you’re obviously aforeigner). Consideringthe long In 1993, the 17th was disbanded in order to cut militarycosts. In
history of political flux in the Balkans, this paranoia is understand- 1997, it was hastily reassembled and sent into action in Romania.
able. In 1999, it was withdrawn to Bulgaria to assume internal security
duties.
GOVERNMENT Subordination: Bulgarian 2nd Army
The Bulgarian government has returned to a dictatorial oligar- Current Location: Khaskovo, Bulgaria
chy, composed largely of military leaders. It maintains power by Manpower: 1200
crude military might. The government is largely concerned with Tanks: None
maintaining its own power (that is, keeping the people from killing
them and snaffling all the luxuriesthatthey can forthemselves) and 18th Motorized Rifle Training Division
defending the borders, particularly the Turkish and Macedonian. The 18th was little more than a training unit during the war, its
Providing for the Bulgarian people is not on the government‘s trainees shipped out to other units as soon as they were trained.
agenda. After the war, the cadre remained an effective military unit, and was
assigned to Shuman to watch the Romanians.
ARMED FORCES Subordination: Bulgarian 3rd Army
The BulgarianArmy is poor, almost in less technically advanced Current Location: Shuman, Bulgaria
shape than the army that invaded Thrace in 1912. Typically, Manpower: 1400
Bulgarian formations lack motortransport, artillery, tanks and other Tanks: None
AFVs, and good supply.
19th Motorized Rifle Training Division
1st Guards Motorized Rifle Training Division The 19th’s war history and assignment parallelsthat of the 18th,
The 1st Guards was used as a reinforcementfor the Bulgarian save that it is positioned to train new troops for the 1st and 2nd
push into Romania. It suffered heavy casualties and was with- Armies.
drawn for rest and refit in 1997. It has stayed in cantonment in Sofia Subordination: Bulgarian 2nd Army
ever since. Current Location: Pazardzik, Bulgaria
Subordination: Bulgarian 1st Army Manpower: 1800
Current Location: Sofia, Bulgaria Tanks: None
Manpower: 800
Tanks: None 28th Motorized Rifle Division
It is believed that the 28th was one of the divisionscaught by the
2nd Motorized Rifle Division Turkish Christmas attack. Badly battered during the ensuing cam-
Details of this unit‘s participation in the war are vague. The fact paign, it was withdrawn to the Sofia district for re-arming, where it
that the unit didn’t take part in any major campaigns suggests that has remained.
it was left as a home defense unit. Subordination: Bulgarian 1st Army
Subordination: Bulgarian 2nd Army Current Location: Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
Current Location: Stara Zagora, Bulgaria Manpower: 1000
Tanks: None
43
9th Tank Brigade 24th Tank Brigade
The 9th was one of the spearheads of the Romanian assault. It The 24th serves as another control link along the BurgadSofia
was battered, but held on until the recall in 1998. It is presently in road, patrolling the road and collecting “tolls” (a euphemism for
cantonment. highway robbery).
Subordination: Bulgarian 1st Army Subordination: Bulgarian 3rd Army
Current Location: Mikhaylovgrad, Bulgaria Current Location: Aytos, Bulgaria
Tanks: 3 T-55s Tanks: 3 T-55s
11th Tank Brigade Army Reconnaisance Battalion

Little is known of the 11th’s participation in the war. It remains in The Army Recon Battalion’s actions during the war are vague.
cantonment, dominating the road from Burgas. At present, it serves as an escort service and elite guard for the
Subordination: Bulgarian 2nd Army military junta that rules Bulgaria.
Current Location: Karlovo, Bulgaria Subordination: Bulgarian 1st Army
Manpower: 500 Current Location: Sofia, Bulgaria
Tanks: 4 T-55s Manpower: 100
Tanks: 4 BRDM-2s
13th Tank Brigade
As with the l l t h , little is known of the 1 3 t h ’ ~
wartime activities.
It isalso positioned along the Burgas/SofiaRoad, consolidating the
government’s power there.
Subordination: Bulgarian 3rd Army
Current Location: Sliven, Bulgaria
Manpower: 300
Tanks: 4 T-55s
44

HISTORY roads and rails connected the larger areas. Since the war and the
The territory of Albania was ruled by the Turks for 400 years. It loss of economic partners, Albania’s urban areas have declined
was established as an independent country in 1912. This indepen- along with its population. Other than villages, only the city ofTirane
dence lasted until 1943, when the country was occupied by the and the towns of Durres, Vlore, Elbasan, Kavaje, and Lushnje are
Germans, who were driven out in 1944. The government which still inhabited by any significant number of people, the first two
established itself (and took credit for driving out the Germans) was towns being on the coast and the others by virtue of the rail net to
a rigidly Communist one. Contrary to normal Communist practice Tirane.
in East Europefollowing World War II,Albania’sgovernment did not
look to the USSR for guidance and support. Instead, it sided with TRANSPORTATION
the People’s Republic of China, a political thorn in Russia’s side. Albania’s transportation network has never been one of the
This alliance waned after the death of Mao Zedong. world’s best. As apoor country, the terrain made an American-style
Albania’s government shared the problems of the breakup of surface road network too costly to be contemplated. However,
the Communist Bloc. In 1990, anti-government demonstrations Albania did make and maintain a fairly good rail network. Thanks
took place and were violently suppressed. Yugoslavian press to the oil and gasoline available in the country, some of the trains
claimed that hangings took place. The Albanian government still run on something resembling a schedule.
announced reforms at this time, reforms to be enacted at a later
time. Despite thesepromises,Albanians began to flee the country. POPULATION
Unrest continued into 1991, culminating in the establishment of a Albania has a population of around 1,500,000 people. At its
coalition government. The coalition lasted long enough to hold height, it had 3,300,000 inhabitants. The rigors of the collapse of
democratic elections in 1992, giving Albania a representative the world’s economy and of the hard winters, combined with the
government. effects of widespread disease, have lowered the population con-
Albaniamanagedto avoid involvement in the European war until siderably.
1997, when Albanian troops accompanied Greek troops in the Most of Albania’s remaining citizens live either on the shore of
drive into southern Serbia. The drive was successful, and Albania the Adriatic Sea or relatively close to the nation’s capital, Tirane.
laid claim to the Kosovo province of Yugoslavia. Greece and Italy Some still man mining outposts for the purpose of extracting oil and
disagreed, casting their support for Serbia’s claim to the area. coal from the mountains. Other outposts include the dams. But the
Albaniaprotested, to no avail, then threatened to withdraw from the biggest population concentrations are around Tirane (200,000),
alliance. When the other members of the alliance refused to budge, Durres (50,000), Vlore (43,000), Shkoder (40,000),Lushnje
Albania did withdraw, and Albanian troops began sporadic attacks (30,000), Elbasan (29,000), and Kavaje (26,000).
on Greek troops and Greek holdings. They were assisted in this by
Albanian partisans from Macedonia and Kosovo, who had no INDUSTRY AND ECONOMY
reason to love the Greeks. Albania enjoyed a historically brief period of industrial develop-
When the effectsof nuclearwarcaught upto the Mediterranean, ment. Compared to the ancient and still well-practicedartoffishing,
Albaniasuffered as well. Suddenly, there was no one to trade with, Albania’s industrial age was short indeed. Once, though, industry
nosource for raw materials, no reason to keep the industriesgoing. eclipsed fishing and other agricultural pursuits as the biggest slice
This was in addition to the new untrustworthiness of their former ofAlbania’sGNPpie,due to the fact thatthecountrywasoneofthe
allies. The American intervention into the Yugoslavian territories world’s largest producers of chromium ore, a vital strategic metal.
was the last straw-suddenly Albania had to deal with a relatively Gifted with ample supplies of offshore oil and onshore coal, and
fresh foe on the northern flank. Acouple of battles later, very little assisted by a farsighted decision to rely on hydroelectric power
was left of the battered Albanian Army. rather than petrol-firedor nuclear-generatedpower plants, Albania
was not too badly off.
GEOGRAPHY This still stands in the world of the post-war 21st century. The
Albania is bordered by Bosnia to the north and east, Greece to fishing fleet may not be motor-poweredany more, but it still brings
the south and east, and the Adriatic Sea to the west. It is a small in fish. The mines and refineries may not produce much in the way
country, barely200 miles long and 75 miles wide. Its terrain is fairly of chromium ore, but the industries that refined the ore can still
mountainous. The climate is typically Mediterranean, although manage some manufacturing. A few hydroelectric power plants
stormywinterweather hasbeen known to include tornadoes. It has were repaired after they were shut down by electromagnetic
only one large populationcenter, the capital of Tirane; the rest of the pulses, and the cities and industries of Albania have power-
population scattered about the country in small towns and cities. In perhaps not as ample as might be liked, but some is better than
the past, a poor road system linked the smaller towns, while better none. So, Albania is still not too badly off.

46
GBW East Europe Sourcebook
THE ALBANIANS
The people of Albania don’t really differ too much from their
Slavic and Greek neighbors, other than the fact that for much of
their history, the people of Albania had been a bastion of Roman
Catholicismin the midst of GreekOrthodox Catholicism. One thing
that marks them is their fierce independence and lack of sociability,
a legacy of over 400 years of Turkish occupation. Like their
neighbors,Albanianstendtoward thin-skinnedemotions (byAmeri-
can standards), pride, and staunch defense of theircountry. Due to
American intervention in Serbia, Americans are thought of as the
enemy at the moment. Albanian has no close roots to any modern
language, and forms the sole member of its own group and family
(see Twilight: 2000, page 47).
GOVERNMENT
The current government of Albaniais apopular military dictator-
ship, the Albanian High Command, which handles food, energy,
and resource rationing, as well as defending the country’s borders.
The dictatorship grew out of the period of martial law. Once
declared, the reigning parliamentary government delegated more
and more power to the military until it practically ceased to exist. For
a change, the people of Albania aren’t protesting the dictatorship,
since both the military and the civilian populace have enough to
keep busy just surviving and trying to make what few improve-
ments can be made.
BKUl.97
1
II Infantry Brigade
ARMED FORCES This brigade is presently in cantonment.
Most Albanian armed forces are a hodgepodge of locally raised Subordination: Albanian High Command
and equipped militia units posted at the country’s borders. The Current Location: KorGe, Albania
government is rightly concerned that the relative prosperity might Manpower: 400
provoke invasion, either militaly or refugee, from Albania’s neigh- Tanks: None
bors. The military units block passes and patrol the sea in what few
motorboats remain in service, most of the internal-combustionfuel 111 Infantry Brigade
produced in the country is reserved for military use. A few large This brigade is presently in cantonment.
units of troops are kept in readiness near major towns, not for Subordination: Albanian High Command
repressing the populace but for shipment by rail to any trouble Current Location: Wore, Albania
points. Some of the units are still in parts of what used to be Manpower: 300
Yugoslavia, left there from the offensive. Tanks: None
Tank Brigade IV Infantry Brigade

This unit is presently in cantonment and likes to consider itself This brigade is presently in cantonment with the two remaining
the main strike force of the Albanian High Command. 152mm howitzers and gun crews of the I Artillery Regiment.
Subordination: Albanian High Command Subordination: Albanian High Command
Current Location: Tirane, Albania Current Location: Pec, Yugoslavia
I Infantry Brigade 111 Artillery Regiment

This brigade is currently in cantonment and incorporates the six This regiment’s four remaining 122mm howitzers are very low
remaining 12cm mortars and crews of the II Artillery Regiment. on ammunition, and its personnel are presently serving as the
Subordination: Albanian High Command garrison of the Shkoder cantonment. Partisans from this unit
Current Location: Debar, Yugoslavia occasionally raid the outer cantonments of the American 76th
Manpower: 300 Infantry Division around Podgorica (formerly Titograd), ex-Yugo-
Tanks: None slavia, in support of the anti-American guerillas near there.
Subordination: Albanian High Command
Current Location: Shkoder, Albania
Manpower: 400
Tanks: None
47

East Europe Sou rcebook GDW
48
Internal dissension and ancient grudges have split the once- close to Belgradeand too weak to defend itself adequately. In 1992,
unified country of Yugoslavia into the countries of Slovenia, Serbia, the Bosnian government appealed to the central Yugoslavian
Croatia, Bosnia-Hercegovenia,and Macedonia. Disclaimer: The government to withdraw occupying troops from the province, an
political situation among the former Yugoslavian countries is so appeal which was ignored. In response, Slavic regions rose in
fluid that any current information gathered will probably be out of support of Bosnia-Hercegovenia, despite religious differences,
date by the time it is issued. and the fighting escalated into afull-scaleguerrillawar on all sides.
Hungarian and Italian units trickled across the borders to assist
HISTORY Croatia and Slovenia respectively. In 1996, aYugoslavian expedi-
Modern impetus for a unification of the Slavic nations surfaced tionary force was dispatched to Romania to assist against the
in the 19th century. Negotiations culminated in 1917 with a pact Soviet/Hungarian/Bulgarian invasion. Its presence was sorely
between Serbia and the other Slavic states. The agreement missed, for Slav forces continued to grow in strength, engaging
merged the states under the rule of the Serbian monarchy, an Serbian units in internecine warfare. In 1998, Italy entered the
unwisemove, forthe Serbian kings tended to rule with an iron hand. political fracas, issuing its delineation of the borders of Croatia,
Resentment against the royal family soon followed, and King Serbia, and Slovenia, as much as an internationaladmission that
Alexander was killed by Croat extremists in 1934. His son was too the unified country of Yugoslavia was no more. Greece annexed
young to rule, so the old king’s brother Paul was installedas regent. Macedonia, supported by Albania, which also wanted to claim the
Paul favored the rising Third Reich, and wanted to cooperate with province of Kosovo. Greece and Italy agreed to support Serbia’s
the Germans. Anti-German sentiment was high, and Yugoslavian claim to the region, which didn’t sit well with Albania. At first the
Air Force officers murdered Paul in a 1941 coup. country protested, then withdrew from the alliance, and Albanian
Deprived of an ally, Germany invaded the country soon after units began covert war against Greek units.
Paul’s death. Resistance groups formed to fight the invaders, and That same year, the greater war to the north caused Hungary
their makeup set the political tone for the country for decades to and Italy to withdraw theirforces, as much as allying against NATO.
come. The two most powerful partisan organizations were the With their firepower gone, the NATO-friendly Serbs put together
Serbian ”Chetniks,” who favored the monarchy and the Yugosla- another expeditionary force, this one to drive north in an attempt to
vian government-in-exile,and the National LiberationArmy, led by link up with NATO lines. The Serbian force was defeated at Lake
country’s future ruler, Marshall Tito. During the war, the NLA Balaton anddriven back, but thegesturewas appreciated. In 1997,
discredited the ”Chetniks’” political power by linking them with the Soviets, alarmed at the possibility of a NATO invasion, sta-
German collaboration.When the Germans pulled out at the end of tioned troops in Bosnia-Hercegoveniato repel such a move.
the war, the communist NLA took over. That is exactly what happened. Remembering the Serbs’ ges-
Although initially welcomed into the communist fold, Tito often found ture and sensing apossible thorn in the Warsaw Pact‘sside, theUS
himself at odds with the Soviets over matters of policy, so much so that sentan armygrouptotheshatteredcountryin 1999.Theywent into
Yugoslavia was expelled from the Soviet-dominated Cominform in action against partisans and the Soviet forces almost immediately.
1948. For the next 32 years, Tito led his country’s politics in vaned As the calendar notes the close of the old millennium and the
opposition to Warsaw Pact politics. This ended when he died in 1980. opening of the new, fighting continues in the area, with partisan
Tito’s death marked the beginning of citizen protests and gov- gangs and military units bombarding and shooting nearly every-
ernment scandals throughout the 1980s. Many of these scandals thing in sight. The once-populous countryside is deserted and
dealtwithgovernmentmisconduct thatwent farbeyondthe country’s devastated, with the more fortunate Slavs and Serbs fleeing the
borders. For example, the Agrokomerc scandal concerned the country for safer war zones.
country’s banking system. A 1987 investigation found that loans
had been made on spurious grounds to over 200 international GEOGRAPHY
companies and organizations, costing the country billions with no The former country of Yugoslavia is bounded by the Mediterra-
chance of recovery. nean to the south, by Italy to the west, by Austria and Hungary to
With the iron Marshallgone, separatist movementsfound voice, the north, by Bulgaria to the east, and by Albania to the southeast.
clamoring for independence from the suffering state. In 1991, It is “officially” split into the countries of Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia-
Croatia, Slovenia, and Bosnia-Hercegovenia officially seceded Hercegovenia(oftenshortenedto Bosnia), Serbia, and Macedonia.
from Yugoslavia. The Serbian-dominated national government The bulk of the country to the south shares a hilly/mountainous
sent troops to the secessionist countries, whose militias fought terrain, declining to river-rivenhills and fields in the northern area.
back. State troops met with some success in Bosnia,which was too The climate is Mediterranean,with mild winters and summers.
49
TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY AND ECONOMY

Large-scale transport has ceased in Yugoslavia The train tracks The area’s industrial power is destroyed, and only a few small
have been cut by partisans, who also destroyed the rolling sto&, and factories remain. Those people not part of the few that attempt to
vandalized by the populace, who use the railroad ties for firewood and keep industry alive make their living herding animals or farming.
the metalforbuilding.Almostno major bridge hassurvived, having been Manufactured goods are practically invaluable, and command
blown up by one side or another. The roads are still intact, but crossing tremendous prices-lubricating oil is priceless, and a case of
the country’s major rivers is difficult at best. Practically no private motor ammunition will bring enough food to feed a platoon for a month.
vehicles remaininservice. Ifthere isfuel forthem, theirenginesarebetter
used for generating power and running machinery. THE YUGOSLAVIANS
The people of the warring countries trace their roots to three
POPULATION peoples: the Greeks of Macedonia, the Slavs of the west, and the
The country had a population of 23 million people in 1992. By Serbs of the eastern areas. The Slavs and Serbs used to be the
1993, this had dropped dramatically. By the present, the apocalyp- same people, but the Byzantine Empire created the designation to
tic horsemen of war, famine, and pestilence have dropped the discriminatebetween a group of Slavic people that were allies and
population to an estimated 10 million (some sources believe this to those that were not-after all, it wouldn’t do refer to allies as Slavs
be a very liberal estimate indeed). Most of the people cluster (“slaves”), would it?
together in rural villages or in the cities, attempting to make These three peoples had a history of disagreement and an-
whatever kind of living that they can. tagonism. These feelings were increased by the little-knownwar
The combined effects of a decade of war and the disasters of fought near the beginning of the century, and then by the Slavic
World War 111 have left the areawith few functioning cities. Yugosla- collaboration with the Nazis in World War I I . The Slavs were
via escaped the nuclear attacks which so devastated other coun- repressed during the Tito reign, and never liked the Serbian
tries, but the internecine warfare raging through the country has government to begin with, so it was little wonderthat they seceded
done more destruction than any tactical nuclear attack could do. once Tito died.
TheonlydifferencebetweendesertedYugoslaviancitiesand those Strangely, the divisions in Yugoslavia are cut along ethnic lines
elsewhere in the world is that the Yugoslavian ones don’t have rather than along religious lines. For instance,the people of Croatia
radioactive zones in them. and Slovenia are largely Christian, and those of Bosnia-
Some cities do continue to function on what remains of their Hercegovenia are Moslem, but they unite against the Christian
resources: Serbs. And while the Serbs and the Macedonians are largely
InSerbia: Belgrade(the former capital, also known as Beograd) Christian, the Macedonians are Macedonian Orthodox, a church
(703,000), Novi Sad (95,000), Nis (85,000), Kragojavak (84,000), not recognized by Serbia.
Subotica (62,000), and Podgorica (a.k.a. Titograd) (36,000). The peoples of the Balkan Peninsulahave been at war with one
In Macedonia: Pristina (79,000), Shopje (56,000). another for so long that they have learned to mistrust anyone
In Bosnia-Hercegovenia: Sarajevo (75,000). they’re not familiarwith. Winning theirtrust isdifficult, but oncewon,
In Croatia: Zagreb (58,000). it takes major betrayal to destroy it-the people of this splintered
In Slovenia: Ljubljana (43,000). country are at war, and have to find allies wherever they can.
50
GOVERNMENT Sabac Infantry Brigade

Each of the countries of Yugoslavia has its own government. This brigade has recently recovered the city of Vrsac from a
Since there are few things for these governments to do except fight large group of marauders, and is consolidating its hold on the
each other, they tend to consist of war councils more than anything region.
else. Subordination: Serbian High Command
Both theUSand the SovietUnion havetroopsin thecountry.The Current Location: Vrsac, Yugoslavia
Soviets and the Warsaw Pact back the splinter countries against Manpower: 500
the Serbs, a reaction to the Tito years. The first drives were Tanks: None
successful,and captured Beograd,which it is trying to hold against
Serbian forces. Because of this, the US backs the government of Valjevo Infantry Brigade
Serbia. In addition,Albania has some forces in the southern part of This unit is engaged in containing the Soviet forces in Beograd.
Serbia, trying to exert that country’s claim on the Kosovo district. Subordination: Serbian High Command
Current Location: Southwest of Beograd, Yugoslavia
ARMED FORCES Manpower: 500
The military situation in this area is as fluid as the borders, and Tanks: None
is frequently the cause of the fluid borders...military units rarely
know who they’re going to be fighting the next day, because Pancevo Infantry Brigade
alliances and partisan groups tend to shift so often. The place is a This brigade is in cantonment in the city of Tuzla, attempting to
military snake-pit, with the ferocity of engagement making up for regain control of the region from the lawless elements currently in
the lack of nuclear devastation. control.
The military forces listed below are the major ones known to Subordination: Serbian High Command
military intelligence. They do not take into account the militia Current Location: Tuzla, Yugoslavia
possessed by every major city, home-guard organizationswhose Manpower: 600
training ranges from sub-standard to decent, and whose equip- Tanks: None
ment can be surprisingly good, since the cities depend on their
soldiers’ preparednessand prowess for survival. Sometimes parts Nis Infantry Brigade
of these militiascan be found in the field, operatingwith ally military This unit is in action against Bulgarian-backed marauders
formations. around the city of Lescovak.
Subordination: Serbian High Command
SERBIAN
ARMY Current Location: Lescovak, Yugoslavia
As noted, major cities have their own militias. Anti-Soviet guer- Manpower: 400
rilla bands in the vicinity of Beograd help protect that city. In Tanks: None
addition, the Serbian Republic has organized a number of military
units. Kragujevac Infantry Brigade
This unit is engaged in containing the Soviet forces in Beograd.
1st Provisional Infantry Division Subordination: Serbian High Command
This unit is engaged in containing the Soviet forces in Beograd. Current Location: Vicinity of Beograd, Yugoslavia
Subordination: Serbian High Command Manpower: 400
Current Location: South and east of Beograd, Yugoslavia Tanks: None
Manpower: 2000
Tanks: 3 M-84s. 1 M47 CROATIAN
ARMY
The army of Croatia has eight infantry brigades, local militias,
1st Provisional Mountain Brigade and a number of anti-American guerrilla groups near Split.
These men are set against Albanian regulars and irregulars
north and east of Pec, Yugoslavia. Prvi Brigade
Subordination: Serbian High Command Subordination: Croatian Republic
Current Location: Kosovska Mitrovica, Yugoslavia Current Location: Vicinity of Split, Yugoslavia
Novi Sad Infantry Brigade Drugi Brigade

This unit provides support for the containment of Soviet forces Subordination: Croatian Republic
in Beograd. Current Location: Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia
Subordination: Serbian High Command Manpower: 800
Current Location: Vicinity of Beograd, Yugoslavia Tanks: None
Manpower: 300
Tanks: None

Treci Brigade SOVIETARMY

Subordination: Croatian Republic
Current Location: Sisak, Yugoslavia 73rd Guards Motorized Rifle Division
Manpower: 450 The 73rd spent most of the war performing internal security. In
Tanks: None 1999, it was sent to Yugoslavia.
Cetvrti Brigade Current Location: Sarajevo, Yugoslavia
This unit has recently been heavily defeated by the US 42nd Manpower: 4000
Infantry Division (Light) north of Split, and has withdrawn to Tanks: 32 T-72s
cantonment to refit and recruit.
Subordination: Croatian Republic 266th Motorized Rifle Division
Current Location: Lovrec, Yugoslavia The 266th was involved in the Romaniancampaign until Rorna-
Manpower: 200 nia collapsed, when it was shifted to Yugoslavia for anti-partisan
Tanks: None activity.
Peti Brigade Current Location: Sarajevo, Yugoslavia
Subordination: Croatian Republic Manpower: 4000
Current Location: Sibenik, Yugoslavia Tanks: None
Manpower: 500
Tanks: None 112th Air Assault Brigade
Active in the Balkans since the beginning of the war, the 112th
Sedmi Brigade was supplied with oil from the Ploesti oil fields, and was able to airlift
Subordination: Croatian Republic into Beograd. Since then, the situation has deteriorated, and airlift
Current Location: Zagreb, Yugoslavia of fuel has been difficult, so the unit's helicopters are grounded.
Manpower: 600 Subordination: Southern Front
Tanks: None Current Location: Beograd, Yugoslavia
Manpower: 700
Osmi Brigade Tanks: 2 Mi-28s. 3 Mi-17s
Subordination: Croatian Republic
Current Location: Vicinity of Split, Yugoslavia AMERICAN
ARMY
Manpower: 200
Tanks: None 42nd Infantry Division
The 42nd pulled security duty in the US during the nuclear
SLOVENIAN
ARMY exchanges of 1997-98. In the fall of 1999, it was deployed in
As usual, the Sloveniansdepend on local militias at majorcities, Yugoslavia by sea, and entered combat against Croatian Army
and have two infantry units. units.
Subordlnatlon: US IV Corps
1st Provisional Brigade Group Current Location: Split, Yugoslavia
This unit is in cantonment in Ljubljana, the provisional capital. Manpower: 3000
Subordination: Slovenian Military Council Tanks: 6 M60A3
Current Location: Ljubljana, Yugoslavia
Manpower: 600 76th Infantry Division (Light)
Tanks: 1 M4A3E8.2 M-84s A reserve training division, the 76th suffered considerable
losses moving overland in Virginia, before sailing for Yugoslavia.
2nd Provisional Brigade Group Subordination: US IV Corps
This unit is in cantonment in the city of Celje. Current Location: Podgorica(formerly Titograd),Yugoslavia
Subordination: Slovenian Military Council Manpower: 1000
Current Location: Celje, Yugoslavia Tanks: None
Manpower: 400
Tanks: 2 T-55s 80th Infantry Division (Light)
Subordination: US IV Corps
Current Location: Various coastal cantonments east of
Split, Yugoslavia
Manpower: 3000
Tanks: None
52

HISTORY
As a matter of legend and history, Greece is supposed to have TRANSPORTATION
been one of the wellsprings of Western culture. As the home of Even in its heyday, Greece did not have a large motor vehicle
Greekphilosophy, science, and steady resistance to the encroach- population to use its twisting roads. After the war, the scarcity of
ment of the Persian Empire, Greece’s star waned after Alexander gasoline and spare parts has made a motor vehicle into an
the Great. Since that time, Greece has been a minor player in world extremely rare sight, and animal transport has taken over the roads
politics. During World War II, Greece’s contribution was scarcely once again. The railroads were good, but they have also suffered
noticeable. Itscontributionto internationalpoliticsfollowingthe war from the war and the shortages following it. No trains run on the
was almost nil; as soon as Greece was liberated from German deserted rails now.
occupation, the country was plunged into civil war between mon- Boats are the most popular and the most rapid form of transport
archists and communists. This war lasted five years, with the inGreece. Sincefewofthepopulatedareasarefartherthanaday’s
monarchists emerging triumphant to establish a constitutional walk inland from the sea, and there are plenty of little fishing
monarchy. villages, travel by boat is the best way to go from one part of the
Greek politics continued to remain fluid. In 1964, the weak country to another.
government was supplanted by a military coup. While claiming to
be democratic, the military government made haste to remove all POPULATION
opponents of the new regimefrom power. The pattern of coups and As noted earlier, Greece is largely a collection of city-states,
new governments continued for the entire last half of the century, former suburbs made into military camps, the populace clustering
right up until the end of the century. around them for protection. Many of the 4 million people of Greece
Greece’s adversarial relationshipwithTurkey,dating back to the are still independent, not trusting the various city-state govern-
time of the Byzantine Empire, remained as steady as Greece’s ments, and live in small villages (most of them fishing villages).
politics were volatile. In the 20th century, the primary bone of Over 20% of the population does live in the city-states: Athens
contention between the two countries has been the island of (176,000), Thessaloniki (200,000), Piraeus (112,000), Patras
Cyprus. When Turkey invaded Cyprus in 1996, Greecesent troops (85,000),Larisa (49,000), lraklion (on Crete) (1OO,OOO), Volos
to the island and declared war on Turkey, attacking forces in (35,000),Kavalla (30,000),Khania (on Crete) (22,000), Sparta
Thrace. In orderto defend the Adriatic, Greece negotiated a mutual (9000), and Corinth (5000).
defense pact with Italy, and declared the sea off-limits to NATO
ships and all trade to Turkey, to keep that country from receiving INDUSTRY AND ECONOMY
reinforcements. That same year, the Greek Navy intercepted a Greece’s industry was devastated by the nuclear war. The
NATO convoy bound for Turkey. NATO declared war on Greece, political turmoil that followed prevented much in the way of recov-
and Italy declared war on NATO. In order to neutralize the Mediter- ery of what remained. Seeing that most of the country’s power had
ranean threat, NATO aircraft attacked Greek naval assets and been provided by imported petroleumproducts, there wasn’t much
began nuking Greek industrial centers. energy to run the few factories that had survived.
The Greek government collapsed soon afterward, a situation Greece returned to its ancient industry, fishing and agriculture
familiar to the Greek people, and another military revolt put a junta (primarily wine and olives). Although Greece’s merchant fleet and
of generals (those controlling the last Greek units) in charge. The navy was devastated during the war, large numbersoffishing boats
junta went straight into decisive action and annexed the country of remained in action, propelled by sail and oars rather than gasoline
Macedonia. The Macedonians resisted, and the generals fell to engines. This, plus cottage industries and those workshops set up
arguing among themselves over what to do. In the end, the junta by the military city-states to maintain their war machines, consti-
fell apart and each general, commanding his own military unit, set tutes all that Greece has to offer in the way of industry and
up his own regional dictatorship. The end result is an ironic return economy.
to a sort of city-state setup, unconsciously mimicking the situation
during the golden age of Greek culture. THE GREEKS
The stereotypical Greek is fiery, hot-tempered, and simple.
GEOGRAPHY Actual Greeksare nottoo much differentfrom this, but they arealso
Greece is largely apeninsula, with asmall “panhand1e”connect- hard-working and self-reliant. Most Greeks speak Greek (constitut-
ing it to Thrace. It is bounded by Turkish Thrace on the east and by ing its own group and linguistic family, see Twilight: 2000, page
Bulgaria, Macedonia,and Albaniato the north. Greece isasparsely 47), and practice Greek Orthodox Christianity.
wooded, mountainous land with many inlets along the coast, While there was a time when Greeks would not have treated
enjoying a moderate Mediterranean climate. Americans well at all, and argued the politics of American bases on

East EuroDe Sourcebook GDW
54
Greek soil or American ships in Greek waters, etc., now the

Americans are lumped in with other foreigners, who are suspect,
according to the average Greek. Still, Greeks will not hesitate to
deal with foreigners if they think it is to their advantage.
Greekpolitics,once thecentral point of many an argument, have
sadly fissioned into little city-state pockets, thereby depriving the
whole country of the most popular source of discussion.
GOVERNMENT
Greece does not have anything resembling a central govern-
ment. Although many other countries really have the same form of
government, regional rule by military cantons, Greece doesn’t
even have a central government to claim the title.
The city-states are military dictatorships, each busy controlling
its immediate area and patrolling its boundaries to keep out other
city-state probes and foreign military incursions (only the govern-
ments of Kavalla and Thessaloniki have to seriously worry about
the latter, since they are close to Turkish Thrace).
ARMED FORCES
Greek armed forces lost a great deal of equipment during the
war. Most of their vehicles and tanks were left in the splintered
country of Yugoslavia, destroyed in Thrace, or abandoned in
Macedonia. The remaining vehicles are prized and form the basis
of many a city-state’s strength.
Greek soldiers are organized into NATO-stylesquads, and are
likely to be armed with a strange mixture of military and civilian
firearms. Greece’s poor industrial situation has made the black-
powder firearm and archery popular among the civilian populace,
and these weapons are likely to appear on the battlefield, since
able-bodied civilians are often pressed into field service. Shotguns
are also extremely common.
The Greek Navy, such as it is, consists of waterborne forces of
the coastal city-states. Most of these are large, sail-driven fishing
boats fitted with medium machineguns or even titanic black-
powder “boat guns” (see the sidebar on page 56). Some few
motorboats and patrol craft remain, but these are hoarded likego
since they are the Mediterranean equivalent of cruisers!
3rd Armored Brigade

This unit is currently in cantonment. It has close ties to the 11th
Infantry Brigade, and will send reinforcements if the Turks attack
out of Thrace again.
Subordination: None
Current Location: Thessaloniki, Greece
Manpower: 5000
Tanks: 3 T-72s, 1 T-55
Boats: 15
2nd Infantry Brigade

This unit is currently in cantonment.
Subordination: None
Current Location: Athens, Greece
Manpower: 3500
Tanks: 1 T-62
Boats: 40

3rd Infantry Brigade The Spartans
This unit is currently in cantonment. The Spartans are the remnants of several Greek special forces
Subordination: None units which have set up a pseudo-Spartan society. They defend
Current Location: Larisa, Greece their land-lockedcity, and occasionally hire out to other nearbycity-
Manpower: 750 states as mercenaries.
Tanks: 2 T-55s Subordination: None
Boats: None Current Location: Sparta, Greece
Manpower: 1000
5th Infantry Brigade Tanks: None
This unit is currently in cantonment. It and the 2nd Infantry Boats: None
Brigade alternate between truce and deadly conflict over local
resources and territory. 1st Paratroopers
Subordination: None The 1st Paratroopers are the last intact Greek special forces
Current Location: Piraeus, Greece units, and deadly rivals of the Spartans, considering their southern
Manpower: 2500 cousins to be akin to traitors.
Tanks: 2 T-55s Subordination: None
Boats: 51 Current Location: Corinth, Greece
Manpower: 250
This unit is currently in cantonment. Boats: 5
Subordination: None
Current Location: Volos, Greece 1st Crete Brigade
Manpower: 2000 This unit is currently in cantonment. Most of itsstrength is naval.
Boats: 38 Current Location: Iraklion, Crete
Manpower: 450
This unit is currently in cantonment. Boats: 40
Subordination: None
Current Location: Patras, Greece 2nd Crete Brigade
Manpower: 1500 This unit iscurrently in cantonment. Most of its strength is naval.
Boats: 24 Current Location: Khania, Crete
Manpower: 350
This unit is currently in cantonment. It is constantly involved in Boats: 20
border clashes with Turkish scouting and patrol units.
Subordination: None
Current Location: Kavalla, Greece
Manpower: 3000
Tanks: 2 T-62s
Boats: 14
56
HISTORY prevent any more Turkish trouble, the Soviets began using tactical
Turkey was what remained of the dissolving Ottoman Empire by the nuclear weapons on Turkishcities and road centers, all but destroying
early part of the 20th century. For hundreds of years, the empire had the country’s industrial capability. .
ruled the territory as part of the sultanate of Constantinople. After Battered by the holocaust, Turkey’s offensives against the Greeks
World War I,the empire broke up, and its various territories had the job and Bulgaria tottered to a halt, and the few Turkish forces left dug in
of forming their own governments. to sternlydefend their holdings. Deprivedof Greekmilitary support, the
In Turkey, a military leader named Mustafa Kemal took over, Cypriot government collapsed and the island was all but divided into
unifying his forces to battle the Greeks, who had control of old two parts, with pro-Greek Cypriots in the south and pro-Turk Cypriots
Byzantium, the principal part of which wasThrace. His forcesdrove the in the north-parallels have been drawn with the situation in Ireland.
Greeks from the area, and Kemal Ataturk (“father of Turks”), as he
renamed himself, set about the task of dragging the new country into GEOGRAPHY
the 20th century. Turkey is set between the Mediterranean and Blackseas, bordered
He had a task doing it. Not only was he trying to industrialize a non- on the south by Syria, by Kurdistan to the west, and by Greece and
industrial country, but he instituted far-reaching reforms, including Bulgaria to the east. It is a very mountainous country, with Mediterra-
secularizationof the state, the abolitionof the lslamiccourt system and nean temperatures to the west and harsher climate to the east.
religious instruction in schools, adoption of the Gregorian calendar
and the Latin alphabet, the emancipation of women, and the banning TRANSPORTATION
of polygamy. Once he had put the country on a steady course, he Turkey is a large, sprawling country, once traversed by a good
stepped down as virtual dictator, entering history as the most benefi- railway system and afair road network.Thischanged drastically when
cial, benevolent, and truly well-meaning dictators of the century. the nukes started falling. The nuclear war put paid to Turkey’s
Turkey continued with the civilian government Kemal had estab- railroads-the tracks are still there, but there’s precious little rolling
lished, through the country’s neutrality in World War II, until a military stock, and practically no fuel for engines. The meager rail traffic that
coup took control in 1960. The effects of the coup didn’t last, and the still runs goes between Istanbul and the army encampment outside
country was returned to civilian control by the end of the decade. Ankara, with patrolled tracks. Most of the other railroad tracks are
Not that the government had an easy job of governing the country. disappearing, as the locals find other use for their iron.
The continuedturbulence of the populace led both civilian and military This leaves the road network as a transport route. The roads have
governments to a habit of banning left-wing political organizations. In rarely been up to American or European standards, because Turkey
addition, bad blood persisted between Moslems and Christians in has always been short on motor transport (again, by American and
Thrace, and between Turks and Armenians and Kurds in the east, European standards). With the current increased scarcity of gasoline
angry differences that occasionally erupted into violence. and working motor vehicles, 99% of the traffic on Turkish roads is
Turkey’s main internationalproblem concerned the islandof Cyprus. animal transport. Even army units prefer horses to trucks.
In 1974, Greece backed a pro-Greek coup on the island. Angered,
Turkey sent troops to counteract the coup and protect Turkish patriots. POPULATION
These troops remained, establishing a Turkish enclave on the north- Before the war, Turkey was a populous nation, boasting over 56
ern partofthe island.Thisboneof contention remained,untilthe island million inhabitants. Almost a third of these people lived in or around
was reunified in 1993 and the troops were withdrawn. over a score of large cities. All these figures declined sharply during
As mattersworsened in the late OS, Turkey became involved with and after the war. Now, over 75% of the remaining 33 million people
Bulgaria. In 1994, an assassination attempt was made on the Turkish live in the countryside. Many of them live within a day’s walk of the
president. A Bulgarian national was accused of the act, but died in largely ruined cities. Those cities which are left inhabited are Istanbul
custody. The Bulgarians accused Turkish authorities of murder, and (5,390,000),Adana (500,000), Gaziantep (390,000), Izmir(1,OOO,OOO),
worse, and there were anti-Turkish riots in Bulgaria. Turkey moved its Konya (203,000), Mersin (200,000), and Malatya (73,000).
II Division into Thrace as a defensive gesture. The bad blood contin-
ued to persist until 1996, when Turkey joined the general war by INDUSTRY AND ECONOMY
invading Bulgarian territory bordering Thrace. The situation deterio- At one time, Turkey was a textile capital of the world. This industry,
rated in 1997 as Cyprus entered the picture again: Turkish nationals along with the rest of its industry, perished when the Soviets set about
held pro-Turkish demonstrations which turned into riots. The Cypriot destroying Turkey’s industrial capacity. What little industry remains is
Army was called out to stop the riots, and the Turkish government concentrated in Istanbul, which was fortunate in that its nuke missed.
responded by once again sending troops to the island. Greece sent This industry is government-run, and concentrates on maintaining the
forces as well, to help the Cypriot government, and declared war on TurkishArmyandgovernment.Elsewhere,industryhasfallentothecottage
Turkey at the same time, following up with an assault on Thrace. level. The loss of heavy industry barely bothered the bulk of the rural
Turkey responded by throwing troops into Thrace to fight the Greeks, economy, which had beenconcentratedon fishingand agriculture anyway.
even to the extent of pulling units out of Bulgaria, which allowed the Electrical powergenerationinTurkey is nowfoundfrom localgenerators
Bulgarians and Soviets to stop the Turkish offensive. In order to only. Beforethe war, Turkey’s electrical power was generated from oil and
57

58

coal-fired plants, with some small hydroelectric contribution.These plants, Presidential Division
and their fuel supplies, were destroyed during the war. This division has the majority of the trucks available to the Turkish
Army, and includes five 155mm howitzers with ammunition.
THE PEOPLE OF TURKEY Subordination: President and Council
Most of the people in Turkey could be called Turks. They share a Current Location: Istanbul, Turkey
common culture, descended from the Turks of the Ottoman Empire, and Manpower: 3500
they speak the same language (Turkish, a member of the Turkic group of Tanks: 3 Stingrays, 2 M60A3s
the Altaic linguistic family, see Twilight: 2000, page 47). Almost everyone
II Division
in Turkey, Turk or not, follows the religionof Islam. Composed of remnants of the I and II Divisions, this force is in
The urbanitesof Turkey were pretty much destroyedduring the war,
cantonment in Thrace, the main holding force against Greek and
either by nuclear fire or by the chaos and anarchy that followed. This
Bulgarian intrusion.
has left Turkey occupied by independent ruralists, people used to
Subordination: President and Council
making their living from the land. Most have fallen back on time-
Current Location: Thrace, Turkey
honored tribal customs of centuries past (some never abandoned Manpower: 3000
those customsforthe modern world in the first place), including a rural Tanks: 2 Stingrays, 5 T-72s, 3 T-55s
distrust for anyone who’s not a daily neighbor. The military is viewed
as a necessary evil, a nuisance, or the enemy, depending on how the IV Division
soldiers treat the locals. Foreigners, particularly Westerners, are This division is in cantonment near the ruins of Ankara, and
viewed poorly indeed. Soviets, Greeks, and Bulgarianswould do well constitutes the central military government of Turkey. As such, it is
to disguise their nationality; Americans are tolerated once they have closely watched by the president and the council.
proven themselves friendly. Subordination: President and Council
Current Location: Ankara, Turkey
GOVERNMENT Manpower: 5000
Once upon atime, Turkey had apresidentialgovernment, presiding Tanks: None
over a national security council. This government still exists, although
VI Division
it’s not much more than a military dictatorship. It’s not much of a
This unit is in cantonment near Gaziantep, in order to respond to
government,though. The officialgovernmentcontrolsthe areaaround
any attacks from Syria.
the ruins of Ankara (it’s a road hub) and officially rules from Istanbul.
Subordination: None
Therestofthecountry isundermilitarycontrol, which meansgoverned
Current Location: Gaziantep, Turkey
at the whim of the local military commanders, when they can make
Manpower: 2500
their influence felt. Tanks: 23 T-64s, 4 T-72s
TURKISH ARMY V Corps
The armed forces of Turkey have been whittled down by attrition This unit is currently in cantonment near the Turkey-Kurdistan
warring against the country’s neighbors. The few remaining units border, and is responsiblefor preventing an invasionfrom the east. As
below are poorly equipped, even by 2000 standards.Although Turkish such, half of the unit is split into dozens of small units camped
troops are nominally equipped and organized to American standards, throughout the territory, ready to act as military partisans and hold the
only a few men in a squad will have H&K G3 battle rifles; the rest will border until the rest of the unit responds.
have semiautomatic or bolt-action rifles renovated to take 7.62mmN Subordination: None
ammunition. Artillery is in short supply, particularly artillery ammunition. Current Location: Main body near Sivas, Turkey
For a more detailed breakdown of Turkish forces, see the NATO Manpower: 7000
Combat Vehicle Handbook. Tanks: 12 T-72s, 3 T-80s
59
In the summerof 2000, the 8th Infantry Division (Mechanized) took the division was made up of M1 Abrams MBTs. Over time, the sole
part in the summer assault. It was decided to detach the 8th from its company has acquired whatever MBTs are available. 120mmammu-
parent formation, the US XI Corps, in order to act as a pursuit and nition is scarce, so the M1A1 platoons are usually held in reservefor
deep-penetrationunit. While attemptingto pursue and flank Pact units when their superior firepower is needed.
fleeing during the assault, the 8th penetrated northern Poland, took a The company is heavy, composed of four platoons. The command
left turn at Sovetsk, went straight through Lithuania, and ended up platoon is two M1 Abrams, one M l A l Abrams, and one Stingray; 1st
stuck in the swamps of Latvia, south of the capital. The XI Corps lost Platoon is four M1A1 Abrams; 2nd Platoonis three M1A1 Abrams andtwo
all communicationwith the 8th at this time, and is unaware of the unit’s M8 AGS; 3rd Platoon is four Stingrays; and 4th Platoon is four Stingrays.
predicament and current location. Recon Platoon: The recon platoon is an ad hoc unit, drawn from
The 8th has its problems at the moment. The reason it became whatever recon vehicles are in best repair. Since this is the platoonthat
stuck in the first place is a lack of accurate maps of Latvia. In fact, thethe PCs will be with during thescenario, theyareprobablygoing touse
only maps the unit has of Latvia are out-of-date CIA political maps, their own vehicles. If they don’t have any, the vehicles available are an
which are rather large-scale and don’t show much detail. (The map of FAV, a HMMWV with trailer, and an M3 Bradley. All weapons have a
Latvia included in this book is all they have.) Because of this lack of full load of ammunition, and all tanks are topped off with alcohol fuel.
knowledge of the country, as well as a lack of fuel to move its Weapons Company: The weapons company is the strangest ad
ponderous bulk, the 8th is rather stuck in the swamps around Bauska. hoc unit in the division. It consists of remnants of the division’s cavalry
Short of fuel, short of rations, and unsupplied, with the Baltic winter squadron andtheorganicartillery.TheairplatoonisanOH58 indecent
coming on, the 8th is behind the 8-ball. shape, two Blackhawks (one is poor condition), and an AH64 in good
repair. Ammunition for the Apache is usually scrounged from other
THE 8TH INFANTRY DIVISION (MECHANIZED) vehicles-fortunately, the Apache is one of the early versions, armed
The 8th is an old division, part of the pre-war regular army. Its home with a 25mm Bushmaster instead of the 30mm chain gun.
was Fort Carson, Colorado. Its thousands of men and hundreds of The artillery detachment is nine M109 self-propelledguns and four
machines were shipped to Germany in the turbulent year of 1996, MLRS rocket launchers.There are only enough rockets to fill */3 of the
deployed near Wilhelmshaven in anticipation of war. On February 6, tubes, and the howitzers have only 20 shells apiece.
1997, the 8th first saw action against Soviet forces. The 8th did well The AAA (antiaircraft artillery) detachment is two M691 vehicles.
until the retreat from Warsaw in the fall, when it suffered heavy losses Infantry Companies: The infantry companies are organized on a
in combat. So heavy were the losses that the 8th was declared non- more self-reliant basis than original TO&E. Each company has itsown
combat effective and withdrawn from the front lines to be reformed. By mortars, usually not more than two or three per company, its own AAA
Januaryof the next year, the 8th had been rebuilt to combat status and (usually two to four Stingers), and its own antitank artillery (a mixture
was putbackonthe front lines insupportof XICorps.Thereit remained of TOW 2s, Dragons, and Tank Breakers mounted on vehicles and
until its lightning run to Latvia. carried). The troops are no longer carried in M2 IFVs; attrition has
The 8 t h ’ ~
designation, along with its run of bad luck in the theater, winnowed the number of IFVs from the normal 70 to a mere 42. The
has earned the division the nick-name “8-Ball.” For a while, the 8 t h ’ ~ infantry rides in whatever is availabl-trucks, for the most part.
men were proud of the name, warning others not to get behind the 8-
ball. That was before a rookie officer, added after the reorganization, RECON ASSIGNMENT
misread a map and landed them all in Latvia. The main problem that confronts the 8th is the lackof fuel available
for the division’s vehicles. Without sufficient fuel, the division won’t be
ORGANIZATION able to get out of the swamps with more than a fraction of its 100+
Once, the 8th boastedthousands of men, arranged in three regiments. vehicles (many of them fuel-hungry gas-gulping tracked AFVs). of
AftertheterribleattritionoftheThirdWorldWar,thedivision isdownto barely course, the Latvian swamps abound in plenty of organic materialto distill
1000 men. In order to make the most of what it had left, the division’s into grain alcohol, but making enoughfuel to allow the division to moveout
organizationwas shakenupabit. Insteadoft hree regiments,it nowconsists would take months. Wlh winter coming on, the division doesn’t have
of a headquarters company (including motor pool and supply), a tank enough supplies to last the time it would take to make the necessary fuel.
company,areconplatoon, aweaponscompany,andfive motorizedinfantry Therefore, the general has decided that the division will adopt a
companies. Despite the fact that this ad hoc organization would be defensive position, the distilleries will begin working on what fuel they can,
classified as a rump regiment by pre-war standards, in the devastated andthereconplatoonwillbeginscoutingforaystofindoutthelocalsituatbn.
battlefield of 2000, this is a formidable fighting force. The recon platoon is, of course, the PCs, with whatever vehicles they
Headquarters Company: The HQ company consists of the com- haveat their disposal(as notedabove, if they don’t havetheir ownvehides,
mand platoon and its caravan (43 men, the command M113, three there are a trio of them made available by the division). Because of the
M577s,four HMMWVs),the supply platoon (36 men, three HMMWVs, importanceof their mission, the recon platoon hastop priority with regards
seven trucks, nine tankers, numerous trailers), and the motor pool (23 to fuel, as long as they don’t overdo it (the division can more readily spare
men, 11 trucks, 10 large trailers). afew hundredlitersof fuelfor Hummers, FAVs, and motorcyclesthanit can
Tank Company: Once upon atime, the entire tankcomplement of to try and keep an M3 or other tracked vehicle in fuel).
60
The platoon’sorders are to reconnoiterthe immediate area (that is, NEGOTIATIONS

within a 15-kilometerradius) to makecertain that there are no hostiles The partisan leader sends a message to the division, wishing to
in the area. After division safety has been established, the platoon is meet and parley on neutral territory, at the intersection of the Riga-
to proceed north until encountering a railroad. Once the rail line is Birzai road and the JekabpiMJelgava railroad. The general doesn’t
found, then it’s up to the platoon commander to decide whether to go want to take too heavy an escort, so he’s taking the recon platoon (it
east or west-either way, the platoon will eventually fetch up at a city. has the best interpreter), and one of the infantry platoons that still
Upon making contact with the natives, the platoon is to attempt to operates with Bradley IFVs. In addition, the helicopters are readyto fly
establish friendly relations, if at all possible. The Latvians, it is in to the rescue if there’s trouble.
reasoned, have little love for the Soviet Union, and are not likely to be The partisans are wary, too. They are coming to the conference,but
Soviet supportersor sympathizers. It is hoped that the Latvians will be rather than risk their leader, they send in a volunteer, pretending to be
friendly to Americans, who are enemies of the Soviets. In order to the partisan leader. The recon unit gets to meet with him first, since it’s
assist this mission, the recon platoon is assigned an interpreter, been sent ahead to prepare the meeting and scout out the site.
Sergeant Marshak Orville (see page 65). The site is a cheerless intersection, marked only by the railroad
bridge crossing the highway. When the PCs get there, it is deserted,
LOST IN LATVIA and there is no sign that anyone is going to show up. Thermal vision
Thus begins the PCs’ job, absolutely vital to the survival of the gear and a Formidable: Observation roll allows them to see that the
division. The first part, that of securingthe division’sterritory, proceeds partisans are there, all right; they’re just waiting in the trees several
easily. The recon patrols rapidly discover that the division is camped hundred meters away. Five minutes after the PCs stop at the intersec-
seven kilometerseast-northeastof the deserted city of Bauska, as well tion, the partisans (a party six-men strong) reveal themselves, riding
as finding the road from Birzai (in Lithuania) to Riga (with signposts up on horseback.
indicatingthe distance to Riga) and the east-west railroad that divides The party stops 10 meters from the Americans, and the leader
the country. This firmly locates the division’s position. dismounts, ceremoniously slinging his battle rifle on his horse’ssaddle
Don’t letthe players havetooeasyatimeof it, though. These patrols and walking five meters forward, then waiting quietly for the Ameri-
havetocutthroughtheswampsand bogsof Latvia, aplacethat makes cans’ response. If one of the PCs (hopefully, the team ranker)
Siberia seem cheery. Emphasize the gloomy atmosphere, the sullen ostentatiously disarms himself and goes alone to meet the man, he
swamps enshrouded in thegray clouds of fall, barren trees twisted into impresses the negotiator. If not, the man becomes obviously annoyed
menacingshapes and lashed by frequent and heavy rainfalls. Nothing and loudly challenges the Americans to declare themselves.
stays dry, the temperature is chilly-around lo-5” C (34O-41OF)-and This first act sets the tone for the meeting. The negotiator, Mikhael,
the sun never breaks free of the cloud cover. Even the stars are a rare is testing the PCs on their bearing and manners. Play him as a
sight; the nights are pitch dark most of the time. suspicious, aloof character, asking impertinent questions about how
What is worse is that the land seems to be deserted. Occasionally, many men, guns, and tanks are in the American unit, questioning if the
the patrol finds old signs of human life4ay-old horse manure on the Americans were followed, inquiring if they know the number and
abandoned highway pavement, horse tracks left in the mud, barely nature of military units in Latvia, wanting to inspect their weapons, etc.
cold campfires. But the patrol never meets with any people, only the At no time does he insult them outright, but a Latvian would consider
animals skulking through the forests and bogs. his questions increasingly impolite and politely refuse Mikhael’s re-
Finally, when the PCs have been ranging farther and farther from quests, particularly those about unit strengths. If the PCs do so,
thedivision, they discovertheirfirst natives. Intriguedby all the activity, Mikhael is suitably impressed; if they give in to his demands, they lose
agroupof Latvian partisans have set upan ambush todiscover what’s face in his eyes (especially if they answered anything about the
going on. The bait to the ambush is a lone ox-drawn wagon rattling strength of the division; only fools would divulge such information).
down the road; partisans shadow it in the woods beside the road. It is Finally, Mikhael offers them a swig of his homemade brew (he
a Formidable: Observation task to notice these skulkers (Difficult if excludes any women, unless the PCs’ main negotiator is female). An
using thermal vision gear). Average test of Constitution is needed to choke down the stuff without at
The partisans are waiting to see what the PCs do. If they hide least a sour expression4 the PCs’ negotiator carries that off, Mikhael is
themselves from the wagon and follow it, the wagon will proceed on to really impressed. He expects the PCs to offer him a toast in return.
a defile and the partisans will stop the PCs and speak to them. If the These preliminary negotiations are important. If Mikhael has been
PCs stop the wagon and ask the lone teamster for directions, the man snubbed or disappointed in the Americans’ behavior (or if he’s been
driving the wagon will answer them, so long as the questions are not seriously threatened in the meantime-like the PCs perpetually cov-
about unit positions or partisan movements. In return, he asks about ering his escort, for instance), then he will continue to act as the
the Americans and what they’re doing here. If the PCs act in a friendly partisans’ leader with the General, and the partisans will fire on the
and non-threatening fashion, the partisans come out of hiding to Americans when the sneak attackof the 40th MBD occurs (see page
parley. If the PCs act belligerent or frankly hostile, then the partisans 62). If the PCs didn’t screw up too bad, he continues to act as the
attack. There are 15 of them: 10 armed withAK-74s, two manning an partisans’ leader with the general, but the partisans merely bug out in
PKM machinegun, and three with RPG-16s. They are Experienced the upcoming attack. If the PCs really impressed Mikhael,the general
troops, led by a Veteran commander. will meet with Vladek Choza (see page 64) directly, and the partisans
If theAmericans talk with the partisans, they have to convince them will be American allies long before the sneak attack occurs.
thatthey are Americans, and they are friends (the first shouldn’t be too When the general and escort finally arrive, the partisan party moves
difficult, since their gear and vehicles are American; the second in to parley. General Julius Webb (see page 64) is glib enough to allay
depends on the PCs’ actions and words). Once certain that the their fears, and the talks go smoothly. The infantry escort dismounts
intruders areAmericans, the partisans are very interested in negotiat- near its Bradleys, setting up fire zones. If the PCs don’t decide to do
ing with the division. Their attitude toward the negotiations depends itthemselves, the infantry commandersuggeststhatit mightbeagood
upon the impression the recon unit gives them ... idea for the recon unit (the PCs)to act as a mobile scout force, scoping
61

out the area in an ever-widening radius. If the PCs don’t do this, ignore singled out for assault rile fire, and any armored vehicles are attacked at
the next paragraph and go straight to the attack. least once by troops armed with BG-1 grenade launchers and RPG-16s.
The area surrounding the meeting point is as heavily wooded and The wild cavalry charge succeeds in stunning the defenders,
messy as the rest of the country, and there’s practically no way to putting most of the Bradleys out of commission. The infantrymengo to
explore it on any vehicle largerthan a motorcycle (or bicycle-see why ground, trying to set up impromptu firebases, while the general, the
those are included in the game?). Check with the PCs to see how far interpreter, the partisans (if they stayed to fight), and a few of his
they get out into the forest-if they go more than two kilometers, they command platoon are trapped in the ruins of the parleytent. This is the
will interceptacolumn of theoncoming attackprematurely!Asuccess- last stand. Twenty of the cavalry mass for a charge to roll right overthe
ful Formidable:Observation check is required to find them (they’re not general and his party while the rest of the riders keep runningamokto
that difficult to find; this represents the chance of bumping into them). keep the infantry occupied. The PCs have a chance to either swoop
There are 10 Experienced men leading horses in a column, armed as in and save the day (if they were out scouting when the attack
standard Soviet troops (one has an RPK-74, and one has a BG-1 occurred), or to move to protect the general. The cavalry charge
grenade launcher).An Outstanding Success with the PCs’ Observa- comes in from 150 meters, whooping and firing like madmen. If the
tion check means the Americans detect the column without being PCs can pick off at least eight of them, they break the charge, and the
themselves detected, and they can ambush the column. Otherwise, general and his people can deal with the rest of them. If not, the charge
they simply round a corner and find themselves face to face with the rolls over the general’s position, wounding him and killing most of the
soldiers, on a battleground where maximum visibility is 7-10 meters. others. Whatever the outcome, after the charge, the attackers ride off,
The soldiers, members of the 40th Motorized Rifle Division (Cavalry), leaving plenty of wounded (the infantry made a pretty good showing)
will fight at first, but will flee if they are surprised or sustain 40% for interrogation.
casualties. lmporfant Note: If the PCs do intercept this column and
radio the information back to the crossroads, the defenders are A PLAN OF ACTION
prepared for an attack and Colonel Pave1Chernel (see page 65) calls General Webb may be wounded (depending on the outcome of the
off the assault. last stand, above) but he is still kicking. Following the debacle of the
parley, Major Thomas Gage (see page 64) opts for an all-out search-
SNEAK AlT’ACK and-destroy mission on the 40th MRD(C). Lieutenant Colonel Kevin
If the PCs failed to nip the cavalry attack in the bud, then 50 men Lang (see page 64) advises the reverse, that of constructing a
from the 40th MRD(C) gallop in from all directions to attack the parley cantonment and sending out scouting forces to locate a good way of
session, catching the infantry escort by surprise. The cavalry troops fleeing from Latvia after the winter. If Vladek Choza met with the
race madly through the scene, firing at anything not on horseback. general, he advises seeking out General Eduard Varnazhe (see page
Dependingon negotiations,the partisans might fight, or they might try 65) and making peace with the 26th GMRD.
to slip away in the confusion. In the end, the information from the interrogated prisoners clinches
The PCs’ involvement in this battle depends on how far away they the decision. They knew enough of the military situation in the country
are from thesite. If they’re 2+ kilometers away looking fortrouble, then to tell of the other military units around (although they know nothingof
they’re not going to get back to participate until the last stand (as the political situation between them). They do know that the 26th
discussed below). If they stayed with the camp, they are immediately GMRD is an enemy, as is the Baltic Liberation Front. Operatingon the
involved in the battle, fighting mounted opponents flying through the idea of ‘?he enemy of my enemy is my friend,” General Webb has
mess, giving plenty of opportunity for casualties from friendly fire. The decided to send a peace envoy to negotiate with General Varnazhe in
attackers don’t concentrate on the PCs, but the recon vehicles will be Riga. Guess who he’s sending?
62’
Actually, the recon unit is going to have some more firepower with range! Inordertodetect thisthreat before it reveals itself, the PCs have
itthis time. Lt. Col. Lang is bringing along hiscommand platoon to add to succeed at a Formidable: Observation check (an Average check if
some impressiveness to the party. As ranking officer, he is in charge they have partisans with them; the freedom fighters are used to this
of the effort. Still, he is under strict orders from General Webb: sort of trick). Oncespotted,the Veteran tankcrewgets achancetosee
Engagement is to be avoided if at all possible, because target thatthey’ve been rumbled (they get a 10 in 20chanceof detectingthe
identificationis uncertain-after all, everyone in Latvia uses the same detection). If they spot theirdetection, or if the PCs mount an attackon
kind of equipment, and everyone’s units look the same. Therefore, it’s the tank before their own tanks get there (and fail to destroy the tank
impossible to be certain who you’re shooting at, and you might hit a on the first try), the T-72 pulls out, using its weapons to do as much
prospective ally... Lt. Col. Lang is to proceed directly to Riga, avoiding damage to its oppressors before it gets out of range.
contact with the enemy, and present a flag of truce to General The last encounter is the deadliest. Sappersfrom the 40th GMRD
Varnazhe. If accepted, the colonel is supposed to parley with the have mined a long bridge across a sluggish stream culvert. Tanks
general and arrange for a meeting with General Webb. If the Ameri- can’t get over the gap without the bridge, and the sappers have it
cans befriended the partisans, Vladek Choza and some of his people wired to blow-hopefully when the tanks are in the middle of the span,
accompany the convoy. a sort of grand slam. Finding the engineers themselves as they wait
The trip to Riga shouldn’t take more than a couple of hours-after nearby, hands on the detonator, is an Impossible: Observation task
all, Riga is only about 60 kilometers away! An easy journey. (they’re well concealed); Formidable if the searchers have thermal
imaging gear. Finding the explosives is an Average: Observation
THE ROAD TO RIGA check, ifthe PCs specifically indicate that they’re checking the bridge
Of course it’s not an easy task. Colonel Dmter Krislov (see page 65) for explosives! Disarming the explosives (before the sappers can
has been alerted to the Americans’ presence by Colonel Chernel, and detonate them, figuring that taking out an enemy engineer or two is
he’s been watching them ever since. He has no intention of the better than nothing) is an Impossible: Combat Engineer task-failure
Americans makingtheirwayto Rigaand making peacewiththe26th- means the sappers have set off 200 DPof tamped dynamite underthe
such an alliancecould easilydestroy boththe40thGMRD and the40th character’s nose. (Please note that the explosives used are dyna-
MRD(C). Therefore, he’s decided to destroy the convoy before it can mite. If the PCs want to disarm the explosives with weaponsfire, they
reach Riga. To make sure oft roubleon the way, he’s also sent informal surely set off the charge prematurely, blowing the middle out of the
warnings to both General Varnazhe and the commander of the 107th bridge.)
MRD that an American invasion force is on the way north, coming to If the convoy manages to make its way through these three
take Riga. encounters, Colonel Krislov must acknowledge defeat, and make
The road to Riga isn’t in very good repair, as far as taking M I tanks plans for the future.
across it goes. Because of the condition of the highway, the fourtanks
have to proceed line-astern, at 20 kph. What’s even more nerve- MEETING THE 26TH
wracking is that the highway makes for a perfect ambush corridor, Krislov’s actions have had effect, though. As the convoy nears the
surrounded as it is by thick foliage on both sides, with long straight end of its journey, it is intercepted by a platoon of T-72s and a platoon
stretchesof concretethat makesforaperfectfiring lane.The recon unit of infantry aboard BMPs. These units appear five kilometers from
has the job of flanking and escorting the tanks, making sure that there Riga, spreading out on the sides of the highway in combat formation
are no ambushes (while staying far enough away to avoid spattering at 500 meters range. They do not fire, unless the Americans open fire!
mud on the colonel’s precious babies). If the negotiations with the They have orders to observe the American approach, and to meet
partisans went well and Choza is along, he brings 10 horse-mounted deadlyforcewithdeadlyforce. IftheAmericans open fire, they can kiss
partisans with him to assist with recon. any chance of friendly relations with the 26th goodbye. The correct
There are three mandated encounters that occur on the trip. procedure is to approach with a truce flag and negotiate. Should the
Refereesmaywishtoadd encountersto makethetripmore interesting worst occur, the 26th troops are Experienced NPCs, while the vehicle
or exciting, as well as lulling the players-after all, the people of Latvia crews (both American and Latvian) are Veteran NPCs.
use this road, too, and not all of them are toting a rocket launcher for
the 40th GMRD. THE ADVENTURE CONTINUES
The first encounter is actually a fairly obvious one to a seasoned This setting can be turned into an active campaign setting for a
soldier.AnAT-4Spigotmissileteam hasset upon alow hilloverlooking Twilight:2000game.The PCsmight have madeittoRigaandactually
a long stretch of the highway,and is waiting to get a shot at the tanks. managed to get to General Varnazhe, but a lot remains unresolved.
Any competent soldier would havethe hill eyeballed and pinpointed as Will the 26th GMRD assist the 8th? And if so, what are the political
a likely sniper post as soon as he spots it, so finding the Spigot team repercussions? (This is more likely if Vladek Choza is along to speak
before it fires is a Difficult: Observation test (Average if the observer for theAmericans.)After all, the USAand Latvia are still officially at war;
has thermal imaging, image enhancement, or binoculars). The range furthermore, the Soviets are not likely to be happy with an American
is 840 meters, and there are just three Experienced men (and a UAZ- incursion virtually behind their lines, where a single well-supplied
469 that they’ve got parked behind the hill). They’ll flee if they come thrust could actually strike into Russia! And what of Colonel Krislov?
under fire. If they get a chance to shoot, though, they’re high enough He’s not going to stop until he destroys the 26th GMRD, and the
to have a chance at a roof shot (2 in IO;roll 1DIO if they hit, and on a Americans as well. Lacking strength, he’ll try to turn them against one
1 or 2 they hit the tank’s deck armor). another (the old “let’s you and him fight” tactic). Will his Soviet
The second encounter is more sinister. Colonel Krislov has decided superiors actually pull a stronger Soviet division into Latviato deal with
to risk one of his T-72s in another ambush. The crew hid it beneath a the specter of a Latvian/Americanalliance? Will the Americans finally
fallen bridge just off the highway, and are waiting for the American find their way out of Latvia and back to the American lines, and how
tanks to rumble by. With luck, they can fire from their hiding place, many enemy units will they have to battle through to get there? And
getting 115mm shots at the Abrams’ vulnerable sides at 110 meters which way will the 107th MRD jump?
63

General Julius Webb Vladek Choza

Commander, 8th Infantry Division (Mechanized) Leader, Baltic Liberation Front
GeneralWebb has been Vladek Choza started
with the 8th for over a de- off as a typical Latvian
cade, and is thought of as farmer, happy that the
the"0ld Man"bymostof his Soviets had moved out of
command. A competent his country. Then came
commander, he was best the German escalation,
known in command circles and the danger that the
for being good company and Estonians would join with
throwing a mean party. He them (so thesovietssaid),
had hoped that a good andthe Russiansreturned
showing in the war would to his beloved moors.They
impress his superiors and conscripted his sons, and
change his image, but the his neighbors' sons, to
mauling the 8th took at the form Latvian unitsfor"self-
retreat from Warsaw defense."Ah.. well,. at least
dashed that hope. The 2000 offensive gave him another chance, it kept the Soviets out of the country. Then came the war, and all
which was muddled when a staff officer made a mistake in those men marched off to fight the West again, just like his
navigation and landed the division in Latvia. He still hopes that, father's stories of the Great War. His sons never came back.
operating "behind the lines," the division can make a good When the Soviets began inciting trouble in Latvia with the two 40th
showing and put some real damage into the Soviet effort before units, he could stand it no more. It was time for action, and he was
returning to friendly lines. going to stop these thugs-turned-marauder. He has been joined by
Personality: General Webb is very friendly and quite glib; a anumberof neighborsand like-thinkingLatvians,andthey'veturned
good, if somewhat untried, negotiator. His main goal is to get the into quite an effective, 1 small, partisan group.
division back to friendly lines, and rout a few Soviet units in the Personality: Vladek is a man approaching his 60th year, but
process. is still a huge bear of a man, powerfully built, possessed of the
spark of a man of action and a rural honesty and hominess that
comes out well in the proper company.
~~
Lieutenant Colonel Kevin Lang Maior Thomas Gaae

Commander, Armored Company Intry3ompany
Colonel Lang is the Major Gage is Colonel
iron-handed ruler of the Lang's opposite number,
division's armor. A marti- afire-eaterwho frequently
net, he is not loved by his leads his troops into battle
command, for he insists on risky (but usually suc-
that the tanks be kept as cessful) maneuvers. Un-
yy fc" / clean and well-main- concerned about his own
tained as possible. In ad-
comforts, he prefers to
dition, he is loath to de-
make sure his men have
ploy "his" tanks in action
unless necessary, a trait what they need rather
which has not endeared than padding his own liv-
him to the infantry coming conditions. He's got a
manders. Finally, he reputation as being un-
spends a great deal of effort making certain that his-com- bribable and honest. If he
mand platoon gets the best maintenance, yet the platoon does have afault, it is his own high sense of personal honor-
rarely sees combat. he'll brook no insults to himself or his men.
Persona/ity:Colonel Lang is very proud and conscious of Personality: Friendly and moderately outgoing. When it
his rank, position, and perceived importance. He is also fond comes to action, he's impatient, preferring to act rather than
of wealth, and is easily bribed. wait.
64

Colonel Dmter Krislov Colonel Pave1 Chernel

Commander, 40th GMRD Commander, 40th MRD(C)
Colonel Krislov is the Colonel Chernel is the
sort of commander feared crafty warleader of the
by all, his own troops in- undermanned and under-
cluded. He is highly intel- equipped 40th Motorized
ligent, devious, and Rifle Division (Cavalry).
vengeful. On top of that, An excellent commander
he isenamored ofwealth, and natural tactician, he
the good life, and all that leads his ragtag band of
goes with it. In him is re- cavalry into combat
born the robber baron of against superior forces
old, the successful type and still manages to inflict
who outmaneuvered his damage and retire with-
neighbors into doing his out being overwhelmed
bidding. His drubbing at and destroyed. He is loyal
the hands of the 26th GMRD is still a defeat that weighs to the Soviet government, as are his men, but does not trust
heavily on him. Now he knows that he is outnumbered and Colonel Krislov.
outgunned, so he turns to treachery to accomplish his goal of Personality: Colonel Chernel is an energetic, thoroughly
destroying the 26th. driven man. He takes the same risks and hardships as his
Personality: A Machiavellianschemer, bent on destroying men, and always leads them into battle personally. His only
the 26th and taking over Latvia himself! On the surface, he indulgence in life is his nephew, Oman, who serves as his
seems to be a smooth, rational man. aide, sub-general, and heir apparent.
General Eduard Varnazhe Sergeant Marshak Orville

Commander, 26th GMRD
A young man for his Marshak Orville’s
position, General mother was Latvian and
Varnazhe led his troops his grandmother was
out of the killing zone of Lithuanian, which, com-
the frontandbroughtthem bined with a natural facil-
home to Riga. For this he ity for languages, has put
is hailed as the savior of Sergeant Orville in his
Latvia, by both his men present position. Orville
and the people of the de- is amiddle-agedmanwho
stroyed city, yet he re- first went into the Linguis-
fuses to take a position of tics Division with the in-
leadershipwith the city or tent of landing adesk job
with the national govern- translating documents.
ment. In this he is wise, He wasn’t happy to be
for he avoids the problems of the tempestuous politics of the grabbed as an interpreter and thrown in with a combat unit
country. headed for the front. He’s still not happy with his situation,
He has received some news of an American incursion,but because now he’s set out with a recon unit, stomping around
hasn’t made any decision about the Americans, and won’t in hostile territory.
until he gathers more information. Still, he’s a good interpreter, and very skilled at the Baltic
Personality: General Varnazhe is a very thoughtful and language group.
experienced man, motivated by what is best for his country. Personality: Grumpy and pessimistic. Sergeant Orville is
more than willing to take advantage of a chance to enjoy a
little luxury. His one hope is to get out of the soldiering
business and into something stable and easy.
65

Sometimes warfare is waged for different reasons than mass MRD, and leave behind evidence suggesting that they are from
destruction. Within the confines of war, there are many goals and that unit. General Tulijovi hopes the Americans receivethe impression
objectives,some of which seem to have no relationwith the commonly that the probes =e just the opening moves of an upcoming offensive,
held view of warfare as a complex exercise in devastation. with the Soviets prying to find weak spots in the US defenses. If such
One of these seemingly unrelated goals is that of remaining in an attack were to occur, it could herald a major attempt to breach
supply. The old adage of “an army marches on its stomach” is the allied lines, either swinging north tocut off allied units ineastern
inarguably true, particularlyso in an age of warfare which depends Germany and Poland, or swinging south to threaten positions in
on complex technology to fight on even terms. Austria. Since Czechoslovak units were instrumental in the 1996
Twilight: 2000 is set in a situation which makes a great deal of Warsaw Pact offensive, allied commanders are still wary of their
the problems of supply. With most of the world’s industrial support perceived capability to start another such drive, albeit a much
base gone, new supplies for men and machines become rare and smaller one (since most of the Republics’ industrial capabilities
valuable. For instance, without machine oil, no vehicle will remain were destroyed by nuclear strikes). It is precisely this sort of
running forvery 1ong.And newsupplies of that precious oil are both uncertainty that General Tulijovi hopes to capitalize on.
difficult to come by and necessary, for you can only recondition
machine oil so many times. Similarly, you can only reload ammu- THE SIDES
nition brass so many times before the casings just plain wear out. 1st Tank Division
Because of this, supply depots are more closely protected than This unit is currently in cantonment.
ever-they are veritable treasure-troves, immobile, vulnerable, Subordination: 1st Army
and difficult to protect. So naturally a lot of effort is diverted to Current Location: Liberec, Czech Republic
protect them ... Manpower: 1800
Units on both sides of the war are always hungry for more Tanks: 6 T-72s, 2 T-55s
supplies. The Czech 1st Tank Division, stationed at Liberec in the GeneralTulijovi has brought asizable fraction of hisdivision with
Czech Republic, is no exception. By many standards, the 1st TD him to execute his plan. His forces include 500 of his best men (the
is fairly well-off-after all, the division has a stable base of opera- plan calls for men who can follow emotionally difficult orders, so
tions and is not in constant danger of attack. But the division is still they need to be the best), most of his trucks and transportvehicles,
poor, and small, and consequently second-rate when it comes to 12 BMP-2APCs, his two T-55s, five special T-54s, a brace of BTR-
getting supplies out of the central government in Prague. The 80s, and a full recon unit, with five BRDM-~s, three BRDM-~s,two
division’s commander, GeneralJosef Tulijovi, has a plan to acquire BRDM-~s, and fourOT-64s with full troopcomplements. His troops
some more supplies for his men and machines, aplan that doesn’t are fully equipped (although they’re not likely to use all their
involve going through regular channels. He plans to get some new equipment, since they’re trying to imitate recon troops).
supplies from the enemy!
His plan is fairly simple in concept, but tricky in execution. Using 6th Infantry Division (Light)
the basic idea of the “tactics of mistake,” he plans to take a small Subordination: US I Corps
detachment into no-man’s land and decoy the forces of the US 6th Current Location: Around Meissen, Germany
Infantry Division (Light) out of position, then use their confusion as Manpower: 2000
a chance to run behind their lines and grab supplies from their Tanks: 6 M8 AGSs
depot. If successful, he can nick a lot of valuable goodies with little The 6th is in cantonment around Meissen,protectingthecity and
risk to himself or his division, while placing the blame on his its supply dump with a ring of dug-in infantry positions, supple-
erstwhile allies, the Soviet divisions in the area. mentedwith FAV patrols. NATO machinegunand missile ammuni-
tion is in shortsupply, which means that the 6 t h ’ troops
~ have been
THE PLAN ordered to conserve it if at all possible. On the other hand, the 6th
The strategy of General Tulijovi’s plan runs like this: Aseries of has a large supply of 5.45mm Bloc and 7.62mm L ammunition (the
small decoy strikes will be carried out against the 6 t h ’ ~pickets. division captured a supply cache last year), so one soldier in three
Each time, the object of the strike is to cause some damage to the is equipped with an AK-74 in place of the M16A3, and the FAVs
enemy, then withdraw in seeming disarray, enticing the enemy into usually mount PK machineguns.The division’s M8AGSs are well-
following,orat leastintobelieving thatthey’vedriven off theCzechs supplied with ammunition, and the division has just gotten new
in a panic. He has his units strike down from the forests north of reinforcements with alot of their own ammunition(the PCs). it really
Meissen to challengeAmerican patrols, giving the impression that helps the scenario if the PCs have a tank, at least an M8AGS, that
they’re probes from the Soviet 157th Motorized Rifles. To assist they can use (sparingly, since all tanks have a monstrous fuel-
this, the Czech soldiers are wearing uniforms that mimic the 157th consumption ratio).

The 6th does have a heavy contingent of HMMWVs and some They can be on patrol, hear the FAV patrol being ambushed, and
trucks, which can be used as troop-carriers in a pursuit force (the rush to the rescue just in time to see the "Soviets" retreating in
division's 24 FAVs would also be used in this duty). disarray. Or they can arrive after the "Soviets" have already fled,
and help carry the FAV wounded back to the base hospital. Cruel
Pawn to King's Four referees can have the PCs pass the ambush site just before the
The scenario opens with the PCs being recently assigned to the LAVs arrive, making the ambush one of those "it could have been
6th to provide more mobile strength (since the vast majority of PC us" situations. Really cruel referees can have the PC patrol be the
groups invest heavily in vehicles and lots of guns with plenty of target of the ambush, setting them up for a nasty bit of business.
ammunition).Assuch, they are appointedto assist the FAV patrols. The Czechs are pretty good, and the PCs only spot them ahead of
The first attack is standard and predictable. Two squads of time if they succeed at a Formidable: Observation check.
Czech soldiers begin scouting around American patrol areas on The result of this attack is supposed to be alarm and confusion. The
Czechs were wearing Soviet uniforms and insignia, so anyone exam-
foot. Once they locate a patrol route, they attack it, trying to destroy
one ormorevehicles, then flee away toescape on aquintet of UAZ- ining the dead will have to conclude that this was a Soviet attack.
469s that have been waiting behind cover in the neardistance.With
the head start afforded by such sudden flight, the Czechs hope to THE SECOND STRIKE
outdistance pursuit over their carefullychosen escape route. In the The second attack is much like the first, in that asmall group of
event that pursuit does catch the UAZ-469s, the troops abandon Czech troops arrange an ambush on an American patrol. This time
their vehicles and take to the woods to make it back to their they intendto leave some obvious clues to piqueAmerican interest.
rendezvous point (10 kilometers away) on foot. Once again, a group is comprised of 20 Veteran troops, armed
The troops actually involved are 20 Veteran troops with Soviet and equipped like those in the first ambush. This time, they
equipment, including a BG-1 with five HE and five HEDP rounds, deliberately"getcaught"arrangingthe ambush-that is, 10ofthem
an RPK-74, and an RPG-16 with three rounds. They attack by are wandering around in the open (but near cover) when the recon
ambushing the vehicle patrol, concentrating fire on the two lead patrol shows up, In addition, one of the old BTR-80s is parked in
vehicles. The rocket launcher is only used if there are heavy plain sight. Doubtless,it is this old APC that absorbs the brunt of the
armored vehicles (something with better than 1 point of armor on FAV attack as the men scatter for cover. Return fire lashes out from
its facings) in sight. The Czech troops fire until their targets return the trees as soon as the Americans close to 100 meters. Once
fire, then they turn and run, apparently in panic (but still carrying again, the Czech intent is to blow up avehicle ortwo, then run away
their wounded with them). Their retreat takes them through wood- in apparent panic, then to retreat in their UAZs.
lands where vehicles can't follow, naturally. The point of this attack is to deliberately leave the BTR-80
Bringing the PCs into the scene can take place in several ways behind as a "clue." It is clearly marked with Soviet markings,
General Josef Tulijovi, Colonel Simon Cowles,

Commander. Czech 1st Tank Division Commander, US 6th Infantry Division (Light)
A man of middle age Colonel Cowles has
,.. -----..
\ been put in charge of the
and unremarkableappear-
ance, General Tulijovi 6th since the death of its
! former commander in the
made a name for himself 1
and hisdivision in the 1996 1999 summer 0ffensive.A

counteroffensive,when his young officer for his rank
division pulled off several (heisnotyet30), hewasa
bold and seemingly ber- fairly likable executive of-
serk attacks, driving back ficer, and hasn't done too
superior allied forces. badly in command of the
However, counter-coun- entire division. Of course,
teroffensives and the he hasn't seen real action
nuclear destruction of his as the division's CO, and
supply caused him to have thus is an unproven com-
to pull back to his homeland to regroup. Ever since then, he's mander. Because of this, he's anxious to have a chance to
been relegated to serving as a "home guard" for the Czech prove his command skills under fire, and somewhat frustrated
Republic.Andhe hates it. He's always been a man driven by the because of his division's low mobility and basically static
wish to have a situation like the pre-war Soviet officers that he position. Defending a supply dump is not his idea of a high-
envied-a fat billet, with all the perks and privileges of rank. profile assignment. Furthermore, he knows that in case of a
Coupled with his love of combat and command skill, General major attack, he will have to depend upon reinforcements and
Tulijovi makes for a very dangerous opponent. firepower from the 3rd Mechanized Division up the road, which
means that any success will be attributedto that division and its
commander. As it turns out, General Tulijovi couldn't choose a
better victim for his scam.
67

including unit insignia identifying it as part of the 157th MRD. A first, and keeps firing at the infantry positions, while the BMPs lay
closer examination might put a hole or two in this illusion: A smoke and fire harassing bursts to keep heads down.
successful Difficult: Mechanic check allows the player to discover Eventually, the 6th will return fire. The range is 900 meters, well
that the old APC is on its last legs-it needs plenty of replacement within Dragon range, but the only good target is that T-55, just
parts, most of it is worn out, and it doesn’t have enough fuel to go sitting there. When it is hit, the tank is enveloped by an explosion,
another 20 kilometers. Even a cursory examination shows that its and the entire assault force heads off as fast as possible, again
KPV machinegun is barely serviceable, and its 14.5mm ammuni- heading back northwest to sidetrack pursuit.
tion is a reject belt. Actual pursuit is up to the referee. The problem with itisthatA) the
The PCs’ involvement can be any of the options presented in the Czechs have a g o d lead, B) they’re going in an unexpecteddirection,
first attack. However, they should be involved with gathering and C) if the American pursuit force actually catches them, they’ll
battlefield evidence and presenting it to Colonel Cowles, in order have to tangle with four BMPs and afully functional T-55! And it’s
to see his reaction. highly doubtful that the Americans will catch them by surprise and
arrange aclever ambush. It is recommendedthat the referee allow
UPPING THE ANTE a futile pursuit, leading the pursuers too far afield.
Faced with enemies wearing Soviet uniforms and captured The blown-up tank might make for interesting investigation.
Soviet vehicles, Colonel Cowles decides that, in all likelihood, the Depending on where it was hit, there should be something left to
culprits are indeed from the Soviet 157th MRD. He and his examine. The clues don’t take much know-how to see, either. For
intelligence staff are uncertain as to what they are doing, though, starters, there was practically no fuel or ammunitionleft aboard the
so the entire division goes on alert, and the FAV patrol routes are tank. Then there was the fact that the largest explosiondidn’t come
expanded to watch for further ambushes. In addition, a “posse” from exploded fuel or ammo, but rather from the driver’s compart-
pursuit force of LAVs and Hummers is organized to roll as soon as ment, which suggests that there was an explosive device deliber-
another incident occurs, so that they can try to follow or intercept ately set there! Curiouser and curiouser... (The explosive was set
the fleeing enemy. Precious 40mm HV grenades are issued for to blow up the remote control apparatus, which it did quite nicely.)
FAV use, as are afew missiles,just in case one of the patrols meets Sure, the tank‘s painted with Soviet markings, but...
with resistance tougher than infantry.
The next attack is just that. GeneralTulijovi decides that it’s time BIG STICK RESPONSE
to expend one of his trump cards. He sends two of his special T-54 This evidence doesn’t make much of a difference to Colonel
tanks and a platoon of men in BMPs to sneak around the perimeter Cowles. Based on what he’s seen and the latest intelligence
from the northwest and directly shell the infantry positions of reports (which have to be at least half ayear old), he’s decidedthat
Meissen! The intent is to blow a few holes in the ground from long the attacks are some sort of prelude to a general attack, and that
range in order to attract strong return fire. One of the tanks is driven the 157th is engaged in “feeling out” the 6 t h ’ ~
defenses, thus, the
by remote control (a modification the Czechs made in the ’90s to use of the old tank. He’s determined to put paid to the next
convert the old vehicles for firefighting use). It is rolled out in front inevitable attack (at least he hopes there’s going to be another
with its back to cover, agun crew fires off three shots, and bails out attack!), and assembles the pursuit force into several ad hoc units
via the belly hatch. A second tank hides in cover right behind the to operate independently and catch the enemy, no matter which
68

way they go. He splits the division's half-dozen M8 AGSs, each proaches from the west, curving to the south. If the PCs merely
one capable of blowing up several T-54s i f not ambushed, into have their force loiter within five kilometers of the city, they'll be in
three groups of two M8AGSs apiece. In order to keep them from range to return to try to deal with the marauders.
being ambushed, he assigns recon vehicles to them to scout The raiding column consists of all of Tulijovi's BRDMs, his OT-64s
ahead and take care of troops and ambushes. The PCs have a crammed full of troops, and all of his trucks, along with five platoons
pair of LAVs assigned to their care, and are appointed as one of of crack troops. The approach to Meissen is even easier than he
the pursuit groups. If they have a tank of their own, it is generously had thought, since Cowles pulled off almost 33% of his manpower
supplied with plenty of alcohol fuel so it can accompany the pursuit to join the pursuit forces as infantry support, and further diverted
force. troops from his rear to cover the northern approaches. The Czechs
roll in, brush past the few firebases guarding the southern ap-
ARMORED ASSAULT proach to the city, and head to the supply dump. The troops
GeneralTulijoviraisesthestakesnexttime.Hesendsanassaultforce dismount and set up an expanding urban fire zone, ready to fight
of the BMP platoon, another 20 troops in UAZs, and three T-54s. off the infantry that will rush in from the north to rescue the dump.
They approach openly, blatantly destroying an FAV recon group Meanwhile, over a hundred more men go to town flinging every-
and approaching Meissen. Elated, Colonel Cowles scrambles his thing that they can lay their hands on into the trucks, swiftly looting
pursuit forces, reinforced by the remaining LAVs and Hummers the dump.
that mount heavier weapons than machineguns, and sends them The combat situation is very fluid. Soon, a steady series of
off after the invaders-who promptly turn and run back northeast building-to-buildingcombats develop, as the 6 t h ' ~men try to push
athighspeed the momentthatthe first FAVgroup heavesgrenades the Czechs out of their impromptu strongholds and fight their way
in their direction. The first detachment of the pursuit force is to the supply dump. Pursuit forces #2 and #3 are recalled, but
coincidentally prevented from catching the "Soviet" column when they're at least 15 minutes away at full speed-plus, the "Soviet"
asingle T-54 lags behind and is easily destroyed by rocket fire. The Czech tanks and BMPs actually seek to delay them, and they're not
delay to finish it allows the rest of the "Soviets" to escape, running away this time!
discouraging FAV pursuit with a few hastily laid mines on a bridge. If the PCs discovered the Czech raiding column before it gets to
Anyone thinking to examine the destroyed T-54 finds the same Meissen, they have a chance to intercept it. They'll have to go at
signs that showed on the first one: nocrew, no ammo, littlefuel, and individual top speed, which means the tanks and other tracked
a massive explosion in the driver's compartment. vehicles will be leftacouple of minutesbehind.This means that the
Colonel Cowles is optimistic. Despite the fact that his forces wheeled vehicles, Hummers and FAVs, will be tackling the BRDMs
weren't able to catch and destroy the invaders, they did drive off the on their own, at least for a little while. If they manage to survive the
"Soviets," who lost a tank on top of it. Next time, he vows, he's got four to five combat turns until the AFVs can make it to the scene,
asure-fire plan: When the recon detachment spots an approaching then the Czechs turn back-Tulijovi knows when he's licked-and
attack, they are to disengage (rapidly) and warn the division. the 1st Tank Division withdraws to Liberec in defeat.
Pursuit force #1 will move slowly to engage the attacking front, If the PCs come running to the rescue after the Czechs have
while pursuit forces #2 and #3 swing swiftly to flank the "Soviets" broken into the supply dump, they've to decide whether they want
and get in back of them, in order to catch them when they turn tail. to come through the city itself or try to sneak in through the back
The PCs get the fun job of acting as pursuit force #1, since they way, like the Czechs did. If they come in through the city, they get
probably have the heaviest tanks and/or APCs. bogged down in the street fighting-arrange at least half a dozen
encounters with Veteran Czech squads in buildings, each squad
CHECKMATE equipped with an RPK-74, and a BG-1 with HEDP grenades or an
A couple of days are spent waiting in nerve-wracking anticipa- RPG-16. The Czechs mean business. If they survive, then they
tionof anotherattack. Sureenough, arecon unit reports agood one have to fight the BRDMs and OT-64s, as well as the platoon of
on the way-according to the report, there's at least a platoon of troops the OT-64s carried, at the supply dump.
tanks, and two platoons ofAPCs!True to their orders, the other two If the PCs come in through the rear using the Czech route, then
pursuit forces roll out to try flanking the attackers. they only have to deal with a few infantry squads before reaching
This is where a little player initiative comes into play. The the dump and tangling with the Czechs there. The dump itself is an
attacking column was reported at a distance of 15 kilometers, armor nightmare, aseries of warehouses fenced into agroup, with
closing fast, so the pursuit forces took off at full speed, and pursuit crates and junkstacked around on the pavement.To make matters
force#l (the PCs) is supposed to loiter and take its time so that the worse, about 50 trucks are parked around the place while their
others can get into position. The crews of the two M8AGSs are all Czech crews load them up.
for closing fast, so they can see some action before the "Soviets" Alternatively,the PCs might have gotten to the Czech tank force
run (and they will r u n - a few platoons of armored infantry don't and joined the other pursuit forces in engaging them. The recall
stand a ghost of a chance against a couple of battalions of dug-in order comes to save the supply dump, but they might manage to
infantry). Nervous or suspicious PCs might start wondering what significantly damage the Czech tanks in the meantime, given
this is all about, though, since several things don't add up. Paranoid plenty of antitank weaponry.
PCs might detach part of their force to stay on guard near the city The PCs have the opportunity to pull this situation out of the hat.
itself, perhaps patrolling the southern approach... If they can disable or destroy 50% of the Czech forces busy
If the PCs do send someone around to watch the southern protecting the looters, then the Czechs withdraw with whatever
approach to Meissen, they discover Tulijovi's column as it ap- they can. The entire scenario is up for grabs at this point.

M977 HEMTT 10-Ton Truck
Price: $25,000 (S/S) M977 HEMTT 10-Ton Truck (Unarmored Cargo Vehicle):
Fuel Type: D, A The HEMTT (Heavy Expanded Mobility Tactical Truck, pro-
Load: 10 tonnes nounced"Hemmit")is an 8x8 cargo truck with excellent off-road
Veh Wf: 17 tonnes performance. It can carry 10 tonnes of cargo or an equivalent
Crew: 2+22 load of passengers.
Mnf: 4
Night Vision: Head1igh ts Tr Mov: 175165
Radiological: Open
Corn Mov: 40115
Fuel Cap: 600
Damage Record Fuel Cons: 200
Crewmembers: Commander Driver 0
Passengers:l 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 10 Combat Statistics:
0 11 0 1 2 0 1 3 0 1 4 0 1 5 0 1 6 0 1 7 0 1 8 0 1 9 0 2 0 0 Unarmored Vehicle
21 2 2 0 Config:Veh HF: 1
SighWision: Night vision equipment I? S u p : W(4) HS:1
Radio: I? HR: 1
Engine: 0
Fuel ("A consumed or destroyed): 00000 0I?
Suspension: Minor damage 0 Immobilized 0
70

Price: $175,000 (RIS) BMP-3 (Armored Personnel Carrier): Another tracked, am-
Fire Control: +1 phibious armored personnel carrier, the BMP-3 is acompletely
Armament: 100mm rifled gun, 30mm autocannon coaxial, PK new design. Its 100mm rifled gun can fire standard rounds or
MG coaxial, 2xPK MG fixed forward AT-1OATGMs. It has acoaxial30mm autocannon and 7.62mm
Stabilization: Good MG. Two additional MGs are mounted, fixed forward, on either
Ammo: 40x1OOmm, GAT-10,50Ox30mm, 6000x7.62mm side of the hull front.
Fuel Type: D, G ,A, AvG
Load: 1.5 tonnes Tr Movs 130185
Veh Wt: 18.7 tonnes Corn Movs 30/20/6
Crew: 3+7
Mnt: 12 Fuel Cap: 460
Night Vision: Passive IR, image intensification Fuel Cons: 100
Radiological: Shielded
Combat Statistics:
Damage Record Config: Trt TF: 8 HF: 6
Crewmembers:CommanderO Driver 0 GunnedLoader 0 Susp: T: 3 TS: 4 HS: 4
Passengers: 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 TR: 2 HR: 3
SighWision: Gun sight 0 Range finder 0 Night vision AMMUNITION
equipment 0 Use the ammo records provided on page 253 of Twilight:
Radio: 0 2000 to record consumption of 30mm and 7.62mm ammuni-
1OOmm Rifled Gun: 0 tion.
30mm Autocannon (Coaxial):0
PK MG (Coaxial):0 1OOmm Rounds (40)
PK MG (Fixed): 0 0 oooooooooc7
Traverse:0 17000000000
Engine: 0 0000000000
Fuel ("A consumed or destroyed):00000000017 0000000000
Suspension: Minor damage 0 Immobilized0
AT-10 Missiles (6)
000000
WEAPON DATA
WEAPON DATA
30mm Autocannon
AT-10 Missile Weapon ROF Mag Rng Ammo Damage Pen
Type Rld Max Rng Damage Pen 30mm 5 1008 250 API 16 5111-2
AT-10 6 3000 C:6, B:5 80C 250 HE C:l , B:3 -6C
1OOmm Rifled Gun PK MG

Type Rnd Rng Damage Pen -RecoiL-
lOOmm APDS-T 350 26 70/60/50l30 Weapon ROF Dam Pen Bulk Mag SS Burst Rng
Rid: 1 APHE 300 C:6, B:15 55145/35/25 PK 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 508 2 5 65
HEAT 250 C:4,B:5 60C bipod 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 50B 1 3 90
WP 250 C:3, B:25 Nil tripod 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 508 1 2 125
71

BMP-23 IFV
Price: $150,000 (WS) BMP-23 IFV (Infantry Fighting Vehicle): The Bulgarian BMP-
Armament: 23mm autocannon, PK MG coaxial, AT-3 “Sagger” 23 uses componentsfrom the Soviet MT-LB and 2S1 122mm SP
ATGM launcher vehicle designs, manufactured in Bulgaria.There is adriver’s hatch
Ammo: 60Ox23mm, 2000x7.62mm, 4xA-3 missiles on the front deck, two passenger hatches on the rear deck, and a
Fuel Type: D, A single hatch on the turret for use by the gunner and vehicle
Load: 700 kg commander. The passenger compartment has one firing port on
Veh Wt: 15.2 tonnes each side and one in each rear door which accept any assault rifle.
Crew: 3+7 Two doors in the rear provide the passengers’ primary egress. The
Mnt: 5 turret has an AT-3 “Sagger” ATGM launch rail on the roof, which
Night Vision:Active/Passive IR, headlights must be reloaded by hand (the crewmember is not protected while
Radiological: Enclosed doing so). The BMP-30is identicalexcept that it usesthe turret from
the Soviet BMP-2 IFV, and is therefore armed with a 30mm
Damage Record autocannon, coaxial PK MG, and AT-5 ATGM launcher. These two
Crewmembers: Commander 0 Driver 0 Gunner 0 vehicles are seldom encountered outside of Bulgaria.
Passengers:l 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0
Sight/Vision:Gun sight 0 Night vision equipment 0 Tr Move: 130/85
Radio: 0
23mm Autocannon: 0 Corn Move: 30/20/5
AT3 Launcher: 0
PK MG: 0 Fuel Cap: 540
Traverse:0 Fuel Cons: 221
Engine: 0
Fuel (“9 consumed or destroyed): 0000000000 Combat Statistics:
Config: Trt TF: 5 HF: 6
Susp:T 3 TS: 5 HS: 4
WEAPON DATA TR: 3 HR:3
23mm Autocannon AMMUNIT1ON
Weapon ROF Mag Rng Ammo Damage Pen Use the ammo records provided on page 253 of Twilight: 2000
23mm 10 1008 250 API 10 -2f-41-6 to record consumption of 23mm and 7.62mm ammunition.
250 HE C:l, 813 -8C
AT-3 “Sagger” Missiles
AT-3 “Sagger” ATGM 0000
TYPe Rld MaxRng Damage Pen
AT-3 “Sagger” 2 3000 C:6, B:5 70C
PK MG
-Remi&
Weapon ROF Dam Pen Bulk Mag SS Burst Rng
PK 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 508 2 5 65
bipod 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 50B 1 3 90
tripod 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 50B 1 2 125

BOV-M 4x4
Price: $1 00,000 (R/S) BOV-M 4x4 (Infantry Fighting Vehicle): The BOV-M (a.k.a.
Armament: M2HB MG (C) BOV-VP)is aYugoslav IFV now found in servicewith most of the
Ammo: 500x.50 BMG armies of the Yugoslav splinter republics.There are driver’s and
Fuel Type: D, A commander’s hatches in the front, and a hatch with a cupola-
Load: 800 kg mount M2HB MG in the center of the deck. Access to the
Veh Wt: 5.7 tonnes passenger compartment is provided through side doors be-
Crew: 2+8 tween the road wheels. The vehicle has two firing ports per side
Mnt: 2 capable of accepting any assault rifle. An antitank variant
Night Vision:Active IR for driver only, headlights (BOV-1) and two SPAA variants (BOV-3, BOV-30) exist. The
Radiological: Enclosed BOV-M is seldom encountered outside of Yugoslavia.
Damage Record Tr Move: 195185

Crewmembers: Commander/Gunner 0 Driver 0
Passengers: 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 Corn Move: 45120
SighWision: Night vision equipment 0 Fuel Cap: 220
Radio: 0
M2HB MG: 0
Fuel Cons: 167
Engine: 0
Fuel (“Aconsumed or destroyed): 0000000000 Combat Statistics:
Suspension: Minor damage 0 Immobilized 0 Config: No Trt HF: 2
Susp: W(2) HS: 2
WEAPON DATA HR: 2
M2HB MG AMMUNITION
-Re coil- Use the ammo records provided on page 253 of Twilight:
Weqon ROF Dam Pen Bulk Mag SS Burst Rng 2000 to record consumption of S O BMG ammunition.
M2HB 5 8 2-2-3’ 8 1058 3 13 65
tripod 5 8 2-2-3’ 8 105B 2 6 150
‘50 SLAP ammunition has a penetration of 1-1-2.
73
FuchsAPC I
Price: $120,000 (W-) Fuchs APC (Infantry Fighting Vehicle): The Tpz 1
Armament: MG3 MG (C) (Transportpanzer 7) Fuchs (Fox) is a German-built 6x6 AFV
Ammo: 1000x7.62mm armed with the MG-3 general-purposemachinegun. The TPz 1
Fuel Type: D, A has double cargo doors in the rear, and both driver's and
Load: 1 tonne gunner's hatches on the front deck (the gunner's hatch has an
Veh Wt: 17 tonnes NHT-equivalentcupola mount). Each side of the forward com-
Crew:2+10 partment has aconventional door. The troop compartment has
Mnt: 6 a roof door and a pair of rear doors.
Night Vision:Active/passive IR (driver only), headlights The Fuchs was designed primarily for use by headquarters
Radiological: Shielded and other specialty detachments (commo, NBC, EW, etc.)
rather than as acombat vehicle. Firing ports are located on the
Damage Record left, right, and rear sides of the vehicle. The Fuchs is fully
Crewmembers: Commander/Gunner 0 Driver 0 amphibious using a pair of auxiliary propellers. The Fuchs is
Passengers:lO 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 1 0 0 primarily used by the German Army, but small numbers of the
SighWision: Night vision equipment 0 APC version were "scrounged" by American units (as well as
Radio: 0 other nationalities) after 1997. The NBC reconnaissance vari-
MG3 MG: 0 ant was taken into American service during 1991 as the M93
Engine: 0 (see page 85).
Fuel (% consumed or destroyed): 0000000000
Suspension: Minor damage 0 Immobilized 0 Tr Move: 215/85
WEAPON DATA
Corn Move: 50/20/5
Fuel Cap: 390
MG3 MG Fuel Cons: 205
-Recoi&
MG3 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 100B 1 4 65 Combat Statistics:
bipod 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 lOOB 1 2 90 Config: No Trt HF: 3
tripod 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 1008 1 1 125 Susp: W(2) HS: 3
HR: 3
AMMUN IT10N
Use the ammo records provided on page 253 of Twilight:
2000 to record consumption of 7.62mm ammunition.

FV-510 Warrior
Price: $250,000 (SIR) FV-510 Warrior (Infantry Fighting Vehicle): This is thestan-
Fire Control: +1 dard IFV of the British Army. It has a driver’s hatch on the for-
Stabilization: Good ward deck, commander’sand gunner’s hatches atop the turret,
Armament: 30mm Rarden AC, MAG coaxial a hatch on the rear deck, and a drop ramp in the rear for depar-
Ammo: 200~30mm ture of troops.
Fuel Type: D, A The commander listed under Crewmembers in the Damage
Load: 600 kg Record is the leader of the eight-man section carried by theve-
Veh Wt: 24 tonnes hicle, and dismounts with the rest of the soldiers.
Crew: 3+7
Mnt: 12 Tr Mov: 150/110
Night Vision: White light/lR spotlight, active/passive IR
Radiological: Shielded Corn Mov: 35/25
Damage Record
Fuel Cap: 770
Crewmembers: Commander 0 Driver 0 Gunner 0 Fuel Cons: 175
Passengers: 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0
SighVVision: Gun sight 0 Range finder 0 Night vision Combat Statistics:
equipment 0 Config:Trt TF: 6 HF:6
Radio: 0 Susp:T: 4 TS:4 HS:4
30mm Rarden Autocannon: 0 TR: 2 HR: 3
L7A2 (MAG MG): 0
Traverse: 0 AMMUNITION
Engine: 0 Use the ammo records provided on page 253 of Twilight:
Fuel (“A consumed or destroyed): 0000000000 2000 to record consumption of 30mm and 7.62mm ammuni-
Suspension: Minor damage 0 Immobilized 0 tion.
WEAPON DATA WEAPON DATA
L7A2 (MAG MG) 30mm Rarden Autocannon

-Recoil- Weapon ROF Mag Rng Ammo Damage Pen
Weapon ROF Dam Pen Bulk Mag SS Burst Rng 30mm Rarden 5 lOOB 250 APDS 16 an/-2
L7A2(MAG) 10 4 2-3-Nil 6 1008 1 6 65 250 HE C:l, B:3 -6C
bipod 10 4 2-3-Nil 6 lOOB 1 4 90
tripod 10 4 2-3-Nil 6 lOOB 1 2 125
75

Price: $150,000 ( 4 R ) M-80 (Infantry Fighting Vehicle): This Yugoslavian IFV

Stabilization: Basic was originally known as the M-980. The driver and commander
Armament: 20mm autocannon, PK MG coaxial, 2 AT-3 have hatches on the front deck: the gunner has a hatch on the
“Sagger” ATGM launch rails turret roof. There are two passenger compartment hatches on
Ammo: 40Ox20mm, 2250x7.62mm (M-80), 2000x7.62mm the rear deck. The right side of the turret carries twin ATGM
(BVP M80),4xAT-3 “Sagger” missiles launch rails on right of turret, which must be reloaded by hand
Fuel Type: D, A (the gunner must expose himself to enemy fire while doing so).
Load: 700 kg M-80s are found in service with all of the Yugoslavian splinter
Veh Wf: 13.7 tonnes states, but are seldom seen outside of Yugoslavia.
Crew: 3+7 The BVP M80 is very similar to the M-80,and differs in afew
Mnt: 5 details (unless otherwise noted, the statisticsgivenbelowapply
Night Vision:Active/passive IR, headlights to both models). It too is found primarily in Yugoslavia.
Damage Record
Tr Move: 130/85
Crewmembers: Commander 0 Driver 0 Gunner 0 Corn Move: 30/20/5
Passengers: 1 I? 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 Fuel Cap: 460 (M-80) 510 (BVP M80)
SighWision: Gun sight 0 Night vision equipment 0
Radio: 0 Fuel Cons: 100 (M-80) 120 (BVP M80)
20mm Autocannon: 0
PK MG: 0 Cornbat Statistics:
AT-3 “Sagger” Launcher: 0 Config:Trt TF: 5 HF: 6
Traverse: 0 Susp:T: 2 TS:3 HS: 3
Engine: 0 TR: 3 HR: 3
Fuel (“Aconsumed or destroyed): 0000000000
Suspension: Minor damage 0 Immobilized 0 AMMUNITION
WEAPON DATA 2000 to record consumption of 20mm and 7.62mm ammuni-
tion.
20mm Autocannon
Weapon ROF Mag Rng Ammo Damage Pen AT-3 “Sagger” ATGM (4 missiles)
20mm 10 lOOB 250 API 10 3/-2/-5 0000
250 HE C:l , B:3 -8C
WEAPON DATA
AT-3 “Sagger” ATGM
Type Rld MaxRng Damage Pen PK MG
AT-3 “Sagger” 2 3000 C:6, B:5 70C -Remi&
Weapon R O F D a m Pen Bulk Mag SS Burst Rng
PK 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 508 2 5 65
bipod 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 50B 1 3 90
tripod 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 508 1 2 125
76
Bradley
Price: $200,000 (SIR) M2A2 Bradley (Infantry Fighting Vehicle): A tracked, amphibi-
Fire Control:+ 1 ous (withpreparation: 15 minutes), infantry fighting vehicle.This is an
Stabilization:Good upgraded version of the original Bradley infantry fighting vehicle, the
Armament:25mmautocannon, twinTOW launcher, MAG MG, 2xM231 principal changes being the addition of 30 millimeters of applique ar-
Ammo: 90Ox25mm, 7xTOW 2,2200x7.62mm, 5040x5.56mm mor to the front and sides of the vehicle, and adoption of a more pow-
fuel Type: D, A erful engine to deal with the increased vehicle weight. Main entrance
Load: 1.5 tonnes to the passenger compartment is by two large, hinged doors in the
Veh Wt:33 tonnes rear of the vehicle. There is a driver’s hatch on the left front hull deck
Crew: 3+6 and hatchesfor the commanderand gunner on top of the turret. There
Mnr: 8 are two firing ports on the hull rear. These firing ports will accept only
Night Vision: Passive IRlthermal imaging the M231 submachinegun, and the M231 can fire to extreme range.
Radiological:Shielded There are attachmentlugs for reactive armor on the hull and turret
front and sides (HF, HS, TF, TS)
Damage Record
Crewmembers:Commander 0 Driver 0 Gunner 0 Tr Mov: 130/110
Passengers: 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6
SighVVision:Gun sight 0 Rangefinder0 Night vision equipment0 Corn Mo v: 30/25/4
Radio: 0
Twin TOW launcher: 0
Fuel Cap: 660
25mm Autocannon: 0 Fuel Cons: 220
MAG MG: 0
M237: n 0
Traverse:0 Combat Statistics:
Engine: 0
Config:Trt TF: 12 HF: 14
Fuel (“7 consumed or destroyed): 0000 0 Susp:T 4 TS: 6-Sp HS: 12-Sp
TR: 4-Sp HR: 6
Suspension: Minor damage 0 Immobilized
WEAPON DATA AMMUNITION

Use the ammo records providedon page 253 of Twilight: 2000
TOW 2 to recordconsumptionof 25mm, 7.62mm, and 5.56mm ammunition.
Type Rld MaxRng Damage Pen
TOW2A 2 3500 C:l2, B:l5 220C1180C’ TOW 2 Missiles (7 missiles)
TOW28 2 3500 C:12, B:15 120Cx2 OOOUOOO
VS.reactive armorhs. other armor
25mm Autocannon WEAPON DATA

Weapon ROF Mag Rng Ammo Damage Pen
25mm 5 lOOB 250 APFSDSDU 14 131913 M231 Firing Port Weapon
250 API 14 4101-2 -Remil-
250 HE C:l, B:3 -8C Weapon ROF Dam Pen Bulk Mag SS Burst Rng
M231 5 2 1-Nil 314 20130 1 4 25
MAG MG
-Recoil--
MAG 10 4 2-3-Nil 6 1008 1 6 65
bipod 10 4 2-3-Nil 6 1008 1 4 90
tripod 10 4 2-3-Nil 6 1OOB 1 2 125
77

Price: $75,000 (S/R) M113A3 (Armored Personnel Carrier): Atracked, amphibi-

Armament: M2HB MG (C) ous armored personnel carrier. There is a hatch on the left front
Ammo: 2000x.50 BMG deck for the driver, a hatch in the center of the deck for the com-
Fuel Type: D, A mander-which has a weapons mount (C)-a large, rear drop
Load: 2 tonnes ramp for access to the vehicle interior, and a. large rectangular
Veh Wt: 11 tonnes hatch on the rear deck. There are two other weapons mounts
Crew: 2+11 (P): one on either side of the large rear deck hatch. These are
Mnt: 6 used by passengers standing up in the open large hatch; how-
Night Vision: Headlights, passive IR ever, no weapons are provided.
Tr Mov: 130/85
Damage Record
Crewmembers: Commander 0 Driver 0 Corn Mov: 30/20/4
Passengers:l 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 1 0 0 Fuel Cap: 360
11 0
SighWision: Night vision equipment 0
Fuel Cons: 90
Radio: 0
MZHB MG: 0 Combat Statistics
Engine: 0 Config: NoTrt HF: 6
Fuel ("A consumed or destroyed):00 00000 00 Susp:T: 2 HS: 4
Suspension: Minor damage 0 Immobilized 0 HR: 4
AM MUNITION
WEAPON DATA 2000 to record consumption of 5 0 BMG ammunition.
M2HB MG
-Recoil-
M2HB 5 8 2-2-3* 8 1058 3 13 65
tripod 5 8 2-2-3' 8 1058 2 6 150
' 5 0 SLAP ammunition has a penetration of 1-1 -2.

Leonidas APC
Price: $75,000 (-IS) LeonidasAPC (Armored Personnel Carrier): Leonidas is

Armament: M2 HB MG the name given by the Greeks to their licensed version of the
Ammo: 300x50 BMG Austrian Steyr 4K 7FA armored personnel carrier. There is a
Fuel Type: D, A driver's hatch on the front left roof, a commander's hatch with
Load: 800 kg an M2HB MG (C) slightly forward of center, and a pair of side-
Veh Wt: 14.8 tonnes opening roof hatches on the reardeck leading to the passenger
Crew: 2+8 compartmentbelow. Passengeregress is providedthrough two
Mnt: 5 doors in the back of the vehicle
Night Vision: Passive IR (driver only), headlights The passenger roof hatch features pintle mounts for three
Radiological: Enclosed LMGs (NLT equivalent), one each on the left, right, and rear
sides of the deck hatch. These are for the squad machineguns,
Damage Record which are removed when the squad debarks. The Leonidas is
Crewmembers: Commander/Gunner0 Driver 0 normally encountered only with the Greek armed forces.
Passengers:l 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0
SighWision: Night vision equipment 0 Tr Move: 130/85
Radio: 0
M2HB MG: 0 Corn Move: 30/20
Engine: 0 Fuel Cap: 360
Fuel (99 consumed or destroyed): 0000000000
Fuel Cons: 176
WEAPON DATA Combat Statistics:
Config: No Trt HF: 12
MZHB MG Susp:T 3 HS: 6
-Recoil- HR: 4
M2HB 5 8 2-2-3' 8 1058 3 13 65 AMMUNITION
tripod 5 8 2-2-3' 8 1058 2 6 150 Use the ammo records provided on page 253 of Twilight:
'50 SLAP ammunition has a penetration of 1-1-2. 2000 to record consumption of 5 0 BMG ammunition.
79

East Europe Sourcebook I GDW
MI-60P
Price: $75,000 (R/S) M-60P (Armored Personnel Carrier): ThisYugoslavAPC

Armament: M2HB MG (C), MG-42 MG dates from the 1960s, and had been assigned to second line
Ammo: 500x.50 BMG, 200Ox8mmM and militia units when the civil war brought everything resem-
Fuel Type: D, A bling a military vehicle back into active service. The driver and
Load:l tonne co-driver (an archaic arrangement) both sit in the front of the
Veh Wt: 11 tonnes vehicle, the driver on the left. The commander’s cupola is
Crew: 4+10 located on the left side, slightly behind the driver. Passengers
Mnf: 4 exit the vehicle through twin doors in the rear. The M-60 is
Night Vision:Active IR, driver only armed with a7.92mm MG42 in ahull mount, fired byco-driver.
Radiological: EncIosed An M2HB MG is mounted in the gunner’s cupola on the right
side of the vehicle. The M-60 carries a tripod to allow WHB
Damage Record to be dismounted and used separately from the vehicle.
Crewmembers:Commander 0 Driver 0 Co-Driver 0 Gun- The M-60P is more common with Croatian and Bosnian
ner 0 forces than Serbian. It is not normally encountered outside
Passengers:l 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 U 7 0 8 0 9 0 100 Yugoslavia.
Radio: E
l Tr Move: 85/65
M2HB MG:O
MG-42 MG: 0
Corn Move: 20115
Engine: 0 Fuel Cap: 150
Fuel (“4consumed or destroyed): 0000000000 Fuel Cons: 68
Combat Statistics:
WEAPON DATA
M2HB MG susp:T: 2 HS:5
--Remi& HR: 3
M2HB 5 8 2-2-3’ 8 105B 3 13 65 AM MUNITION
tripod 5 8 2-2-3* 8 105B 2 6 150 Use the ammo records provided on page 253 of Twilight:
‘50 SLAP ammunition has a penetration of 1-1 -2. 2000 to record consumption of S O BMG, and 8mmM ammu-
nition.
MG42 MG
-Remi&
MG-42 10 4 2-3-Nil 6 508 2 8 65
bipod 10 4 2-3-Nil 6 50B 1 4 90
tripod 10 4 2-3-Nil 6 50B 1 2 125
88

Saurer 4K 4FA-GI & G2
Price: $100,000 (W-) Saurer 4K 4FA-GllG2 (Light Combat Vehicle): The Aus-
Armament20mm autocannon (4K4FA-G2) or M2HB MG (C) trian Saurer4K 4FA-G2 is armed with a20mm autocannon (this
(4K 4FA-G1) is the version illustrated). The 4K 4FA-G1 replaces the 20mm
Ammo: 10Ox20mm (4K 4FA-G2) or 500x.50 BMG (4K 4FA-G1) turret with an M2HB MG mounted in a simple cupola.
Fuel Type: D, A The MG cupola provides some protection for the gunner
Load: 800 kg (although not as much as the turret) and has an AV of 1 for all
Veh Wf:15 tonnes (4K 4FA-G2) or 12.5 tonnes (4K 4FA-G1) faces (it is open-topped).There is adriver’s hatch on the front left
Crew: 2+8 deck, roof hatches for passengers on the rear deck, and the
Mnt: 5 (4K 4FA-G2), 4 (4K 4FA-G1) main armament (20mm or .50-caliber MG) in between passen-
Night Vision: Headlights gers may enter and exit through twin doors in the rear. Com-
Radiological: Enclosed mand, ambulance, and 81mm mortar carrier variants exist.
Small numbers are in service with Slovenian armed forces in the
Damage Record former nation of Yugoslavia.
Crewmembers: CommanderIGunner 0 Driver 0
Passengers:l 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 Tr Move: 130/85
Radio: 0 Corn Move: 30/20
20mm Autocannon (4K 4FA-G2 only): 0 Fuel Cap: 184
M2HB MG (4K 4FA-G 1 only): 0
Traverse (4K 4FA-G2 only): 0
Fuel Cons: 130
Engine: 0
Fuel (“Aconsumed or destroyed):0000000I700 Combat Statistics:
Config:Trt* TF: 10’ HF:7
Susp: T: 2 TS: 5* HS: 4
WEAPON DATA TR: 4* HR: 2
*4K 4FA-G2 only; 4K 4FA-G1 is No Trt
20mm Autocannon (4K 4FA-G2 only)
Weapon ROF Mag Rng Ammo Damage Pen AMMUNIT10N
20mm 10 lOOB 250 API 10 31-21-5 Use the ammo records provided on page 253 of Twilight:
250 HE C:l , B:3 -8C 2000 to record consumption of 20mm or 5 0 BMG ammunition.
MPHB MG (4K 4FA-G1 only)

-Recoik
M2HB 5 8 2-2-3’ 8 105B 3 13 65
tripod 5 8 2-2-3’ 8 105B 2 6 150
*.50 SLAP ammunition has a penetration of 1-1-2.

TAB-72
Price: $100,000 ( 4 s ) TAB-72 (Armored Personnel Carrier): The TAB-72 is the

Armament: KPV MG, PK MG coaxial Romanian version of the Soviet BTR-60, incorporating a differ-
Ammo: 500x14.5mm, 2000x7.62mm ent turret and more powerful engines. The driver and com-
Fuel Type: D, A mandersit in the front, and each has a roof hatch. The turret has
Load: 800 kg a hatch for the gunner. Each side of the vehicle has a door and
Veh Wt: 11 tonnes three firing ports (capable of accepting any assault rifle). Two
Crew: 3+8 roof hatches cover the troop compartment also. The vehicle is
Mnf: 4 seldom encountered with other than Romanian military forces.
Night Vision:Active IR driver only
Radiological: Enclosed Tr Move: 195/85
Damage Record Corn Move: 45/20/5
Crewmembers: Commander 0 Driver 0 Gunner I7 Fuel Cap: 290
Passengers:l 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0
SighWision: Night vision equipment 0 Fuel Cons: 220
Radio: 0
KPV MG: 0 Combat Statistics:
PK MG: 0 C0nfig:Tt-t TF: 2 HF: 3
Traverse: 0 Susp: W(2) TS: 1 HS: 2
Engine: 0 TR: 1 HR: 2
Fuel (“7 consumed or destroyed): 0000000000
Suspension: Minor damage 0 ImmobilizedI7 AMMUNITION
WEAPON DATA 2000 to record consumption of 14.5mm and 7.62mm ammuni-
tion.
KPV MG
-Recoik
KPV 5 12 2-2-3 10 1008 * 150
*The KPV is always mountedon avehicle or field carriage, and
has negligible recoil.
PK MG
-Recoik
Weapon R O F Dam Pen Bulk Mag SS Burst Rng
PK 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 50B 2 5 65
bipod 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 50B 1 3 90
tripod 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 50B 1 2 125
82

TAB-77
Price: $110,000 ( 4 s ) TAB-77 (Armored Personnel Carrier): The TAB-77 is the

Armament: KPV MG, PK MG coaxial Romanian version of the Soviet BTR-70, using the same turret
Ammo: 500x14.5mm, 2000x7.62mm as the TAB-72. The driver and commander sit in the front, and
Fuel Type: D, A each has a roof hatch. The turret has a hatch for the gunner.
Load: 900 kg Each side of the vehicle has a door and three firing ports
Veh Wt: 11.5 tonnes (capable of accepting any assault rifle). Two roof hatches cover
Crew: 3+9 the troop compartment also. The vehicle is seldom encountered
Mnt: 4 with other than Romanian military forces.
Radiological: Enclosed Tr Move: 175165
Damage Record Corn Move: 40/1515
Crewmembers: Commander 0 Driver 0 Gunner 0 Fuel Cap: 350
Passengers:l 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0
SighWision: Gun sight 0 Range finder 0 Night vision Fuel Cons: 187
equipment 0
Radio: 0 Combat Statistics:
KPV MG: 0 Config: Trt TF: 2 HF: 3
PK MG: 0 Susp: W(2) TS: 1 HS: 2
Traverse: 0 TR: 1 HR: 2
Engine: 0
Fuel (“7 consumed or destroyed):00 000 000 AMMUNITION
Suspension: Minor damage 0 Immobilized 0 Use the ammo records provided on page 253 of Twilight:
2000 to record consumption of 14.5mm and 7.62mm ammuni-
WEAPON DATA tion.
KPV MG WEAPON DATA

-Recoi&
Weapon ROF Dam Pen Bulk Mag SS Burst Rng PK MG
KPV 5 12 2-2-3 10 100B 150 -Re coil-
*The KPV is always mounted on a vehicle or field carriage, Weapon ROF Dam Pen Bulk Mag SS Burst Rng
and has negligible recoil. PK 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 50B 2 5 65
bipod 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 50B 1 3 90
tripod 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 50B 1 2 125
nn

Type 531
Price: $50,000 ( 4 R ) Type 531 (Armored Personnel Carrier): The Type 531 is
Armament: DShK MG (C) also known as the YW 531, and is a Chinese armored personnel
Ammo: 1120x12.7rnm carrier sold to the Albanian military. The driver and co-driver sit
Fuel Type: D, A to the front, with the commander behind them. The passenger
Load: 1.3 tonnes compartment is in the rear, and egress is through a single large
Veh Wt: 12.6 tonnes door in the rear hull and two overhead hatches. Each side of the
Crew: 3+13 vehicle has a single firing port capable of accepting any assault
Mnt: 4 rifle.Thevehicle is armed with acupola-mountedDShK MG fired
Night Vision: Headlights by the vehicle commander. The vehicle is normally encountered
Radiological: Enclosed only with Albanian forces.
Damage Record Tr Move; 130/110

Crewmembers: Commander/Gunner 0 Driver 0 Co-driver 0
Passengers:lO 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 1 0 0 Corn Move: 30/25
11 0 1 2 0 1 3 0 Fuel Cap: 480
Radio: 0 Fuel Cons; 250
DShK MG: 0
Engine: 0 Combat Statistics:
Fuel (% consumed or destroyed): 0 0000 00 0 Config: No Trt HF: 4
Suspension: Minor damage 0 Immobilized 0 susp:T: 2 HS: 2
HR: 2
WEAPON DATA
A MMUNIT10N
DShK HMG Use the ammo records provided on page 253 of Twilight:
-Recoik 2000 to record consumption of 12.7mm ammunition.
DShK 5 9 2-2-3 8 50B 7 15 65
tripod 5 9 2-2-3 8 50B 3 7 150
84
M93 Fox NBC

Reconnaissance Vehicle
Price: $180,000 (W-) M93 Fox NBC Reconnaissance Vehicle (Light Combat
Armament: MAG MG (C) Vehicle):The M93 Fox is the NBC (nuclear/biological/chemical)
Ammo: 1000x7.62mm reconnaissance variant of the German TPz 1 fuchs, and as
Fuel Type: D, A such is very similar in external appearance, the main difference
Load:l tonne being the “NBC tai1”extension built into the rear. The vehicle is
Veh Wf; 17 tonnes equipped to conduct detection and sampling tests for radioac-
Crew: 4 tive, biological, or chemical warfare agents, and to mark con-
Mnf: 6 taminated areas. These tests are carried out from inside the
Night Vision:Active/passive IR (driver only), headlights vehicle’s protected environment by using on-board instruments
Radiological: Shielded and remote-samplingtools installed in the NBC tail. One ofthese
is a special full-length arm glove that protrudes from a work
Damage Record opening in the rear of the vehicle, similar to the arrangement
Crewmembers: Commander/Gunner 0 Driver 0 Equipment used in scientific glove boxes to prevent contamination.Indeed,
operator 1 0 Equipment operator 2 0 one might view the Fox as a sort of glove box in reverse, where
SighWision: Night vision equipment 0 the dangerous materials are outside and the protected people
Radio: D are inside. Other instruments include radiation detectors, air
MAG MG; 0 samplers (to detect nerve agents and otherchemical weapons),
Engine: 0 and two detectorwheel units (visible in the illustration) which are
f u e l (“Aconsumed or desfroyed): 000 000000 lowered to the ground to collect samples from the surface while
Suspension: Minor damage 0 Immobilized 0 the vehicle is in motion.
WEAPON DATA Tr Move: 215/85

MAG MG
Corn Move: 50/20/5
-Recoik Fuel Cap: 390
Weapon ROF Dam Pen Bulk Mag SS Burst Rng Fuel Cons; 205
MAG 10 4 2-3-Nil 6 100B 1 6 65
bipod 10 4 2-3-Nil 6 1008 1 4 90
tripod 10 4 2-3-Nil 6 1008 1 2 125 Combat Statistics:
Susp: W(3) HS: 3
HR:3
AMMUNITION
2000 to record consumption of 7.62mm ammunition.
85

MI097 HHV
(Heavy Hummer Variant)
Price: $20,000 (CIS) M1097 HHV (Heavy Hummer Variant) (Light Combat
Armament: Pintle mount (NHT-capable)carrying either Mk-19 Vehicie):Thisvehicle is the up-armoredversionofthestandard
AGL or M2HB MG HMMWV, intended for use as a weapons carrier or light recon-
Ammo: 15Ox40mm grenades or 525x50 BMG naissance vehicle fitted with either a Mk-19 AGL or an M2HB
Fuel Type: D,G,A machinegun. Aside from the increased armor protection and a
Load: 1.25 tonnes larger fuel tank (the extra weight increases fuel consumption),
Veh Wt: 10 tonnes the vehicle is almost identical to the standard "Hummer."
Crew: 3
Mnt: 3 Tr Move: 215185
Night Vision: Headlights
Radiological: Open Corn Move: 50/20
Fuel Cap: 94
Damage Record
Crewmembers: Commander 0 Driver U Gunner 0 Fuel Cons: 31
Sight/Vision:Gun sight 0 Range finder 0 Night vision equip-
ment 0 Combat Statistics:
Radio: Config: Veh HF: 3
Mk- 19AGL: 0 Susp: W(2) HS: 3
or HR: 3
M2H8 MG:
Engine: 0 AMMUNITION
Fuel ("A consumed or destroyed): 000 0 000 Use the ammo records provided on page 253 of Twilight:
Suspension: Minor damage 0 Immobilized 0 2000 to record consumption of S O BMG or 40mm ammunition.
WEAPON DATA
M2HB MG
-Recoi&
M2H8 5 8 2-2-3* 8 1058 3 13 65
tripod 5 8 2-2-3* 8 1058 2 6 150
*.50 SLAP ammunition has a penetration of 1-1-2.
Mk-19 AGL
Weapon ROF Mag Rng Ammo Damage Pen
Mk-19 5 200 3 km HVHE C:3, B:15 Nil
200 3 k m HVHEDP C:3, B:15 4C
86

M8 AGS
M8AGS (Light CombatVehicle): The M 8 armored gun sys-

tem is a light, airportable system intended to get mobile fire support
for light forces to distant trouble spots in a hurry. It is not a tank.
It is based on the Bradley Fighting Vehicle hull and carries a
crew of three. The driver has a hatch in the center of the front
deck, and the gunner and commander each have a hatch on
Price: $250,000 (RIR) the starboard turret deck.
Fire Control: +2 To better respond to crisis situations yet remain airportable,
Armament: 105mm gun, MAG MG coaxial, M2HB(C) the AGS has three different weightlarmorconfigurations. Level
Stabilization: Good 1 allows the AGS to be air-dropped; Levels 2 and 3 provide
Ammo: 30x105mm, 4500~7.62mm,600x.50 BMG greater protection with modular add-on armor. The vehicle
Fuel Type: D,A weight and armor entries have three entries for Level Iflevel 2/
Load: 200 kg Level 3.
Veh Wt:38.5/44.5/49.5 tonnes The commander’s weapons station can alternately be fitted
Crew:3 with a MAG MG or MK 19 AGL.
Mnt: 10 Due to the nature of the M8’s turret, a turret (but not hull) hit
Night Vision: Passive IWthermal which results in an ammunition explosion (see Twilight: 2000,
Radiological: Shielded page 219) does not automatically kill the crew and destroy the
vehicle. Instead, consider all armament, sensors, and electron-
Damage Record ics to be damaged and inoperative. Then apply 50 points of
Crewmembers: Commander 0 Driver 0 Gunner 0 concussion damage to the commander and gunner.
SighWision: Gun sight Range finder 0 Night vision
equipment
Radio: 0 Tr Mov;150/130
705mm Gun: 0 Corn Mov;35/30
MAG MG: 0
M2HB MG: 0
Fuel Cap: 570
Loader: 0 Fuel Cons; 170
Traverse:0
Fuel (“9 consumed or destroyed): 0000000000
Config: Trt TF: 6/6/16-Sp HF: 4/6-Sp/2O-Sp
S U S ~T. ’4 TS: 6 - S p / 6 - S p / l 6 - S ~HS: 3/6-Sp/l4-Sp
TR: 4-Sp/4-Sp/4-Sp HR: 4-Sp/4-Sp/4-Sp
WEAPON DATA
AM MUN IT1ON
105mm Gun Use the ammo records provided on page 253 of Twilight:
Type Rld Max Rng Damage Pen 2000 to record consumption of 50 BMG, and 7.62mm ammu-
105mm APFSDS 500 26 80ff 0160140 nition.
Rld:1 APFSDSDU 500 26 100190180160
HEAT 400 C:6, B:15 80C 105mm Gun (30 rounds)
WP 400 C:3, B:25 Nil 0000000000
Flech (LC) 500 * 1-Nil 0000000000
’See Shotguns and Flechettes, Twilight: 2000, page 204. 0000000000
MAG MG M2HB MG
-Remi& -Recoirl
Weapon ROF Dam Pen Bulk Mag SS Burst Rng Weapon ROF Dam Pen Bulk Mag SS Burst Rng
MAG 10 4 2-3-Nil 6 lOOB 1 6 65 M2HB 5 8 2-2-3’ 8 1058 3 13 65
bipod 10 4 2-3-Nil 6 lOOB 1 4 90 tripod 5 8 2-2-3* 8 105B 2 6 150
tripod 10 4 2-3-Nil 6 100B 1 2 125 ‘50 SLAP ammunition has a penetration of 1-1-2.
87
I-
OT-62A/TOPAS &
OT=62B/TOPAS=2A
Price (OT-62tWOPAS): $80,000 ( 4 s ) OT-62B (Light Combat Vehicle): This vehicle series was a
Price (OT-62BflOPAS-2A):$90,000 ( 4 s ) joint development by the Czech and Polish governments. The
Armament (OT-62BflOPAS-2A only): 82mm RR, PK MG (C) Czech designation is OT-62 (Obreny Transporter), the Polish
Ammo(OT-62BflOPAS-2A only): l2x82mm recoilless rifle, designation is TOPAS (Transporter Obreny Pasovy Sirendi).
1250x7.62mm The OT-62MOPAS is unarmed, but its stats are otherwise
Fuel Type: D, A identical to those of the OT-62BTTOPAS-2A. The OT-62B/
Load: 1.8 tonne TOPAS9A has PK MG mounted in a turret that is rated as a
Veh Wt: 15 tonnes cupola because of its small size. This turret also has an 82mm
Crew (OT-62tWOPAS): 2+18 recoilless rifle mounted externally. The recoilless rifle can be
Crew (OT-62BflOPAS-2A):3+18 aimed and fired from inside, but the gunner must reload from the
Mnt: 5 outside, and receives no armor protection for head, arms, or
Night Vision: IR searchlight chest while doing so.
Radiological: Enclosed Thereis adriver’s hatch onthefrontglacisand acommander‘s
hatch on the left front deck. The right front deck on the OT-62N
Damage Record TOPAS is fitted with a simple hatch; on the OT-62BTTOPAS-2A
Crewmembers (OT-62tWOPAS): Commander 0 Driver 0 it is the 82mm/MG turret. The troop compartment has two
Crewmembers (OT-62WOPAS-2A):Commander 0 Driver 0 overhead doors on the vehicle roof and one door on each side.
Gunner 0 The vehicle has two firing ports (capable of accepting any
Passengers1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 1 0 0 assault rifle) on each side, one in the door.
110 120 130 140 150 160 170 1 8 0 The OT-62MOPAS was usually assigned to the mecha-
SighWision: Gun sight 0 Night vision equipment 0 nized infantry component of Czech and Polish tankdivisions, but
Radio: 0 it can be encountered almost anywhere Czech, Slovak, or Polish
82mm RCL (OT-62BflOPAS-2A only): 0 armed forces are found, and is also used by the Bulgarians.
PK MG (C) (OT-62BflOPAS-2A only): 0
Engine: 0 Tr Move: 130/85
Fuel (“Aconsumed or destroyed): 0000000000 Corn Move: 30/20/5
Fuel Cap: 417
WEAPON DATA Fuel Cons: 212
PK MG Combat Statistics:
-Recoi& Config: No Trt HF: 3
Weapon ROF Dam Pen Bulk Mag SS Burst Rng susp:T:
PK 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 SOB 2 5 65
HS: 2
bipod 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 50B 1 3 90 HR: 2
tripod 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 50B 1 2 125
AMMUNITION
82mm RCL Use the ammo records provided on page 253 of Twilight:
Type Rnd Rng Damage Pen 2000 to record consumption of 7.62mm ammunition.
82mmR HE 100 C: 3, B: 8 4C
82mm RCL (12 rounds)
ooonoooooo
00
88

Price: $110,000 ( 4 R ) OT-62CTTOPAS-2AP(Light Combat Vehicle): This vehicle

Armament: KPV MG, PK MG coaxial is the same chassis as the OT-62, discussed on page 88. The
Ammo: 500x14.5mm, 2000x7.62mm vehicle is identical in most respects to the OT-62MOPAS,
Fuel Type: D, A except for the addition of a turret (identical to the one used on
Load: 1.2 tonnes the OT-64) armed with a 14.5mm KPV MG and a coaxially
Veh Wt: 16.4 tonnes mounted PK MG.
Crew: 3+12
Maint: 6 Tr Move: 130185
Night Vision: IR searchlight
Radiological: Enclosed Corn Move: 30/20/5
Fuel Cap: 520
Damage Record
Crewmembers: Commander 0 Driver 0 Gunner 0 Fuel Cons: 219
Passengers:lO 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 1 0 0
110 120 Combat Statistics:
SighWision: Gun sight 0 Night vision equipment 0 Config:Sm Trt TF: 2 HF: 3
Radio: 0 Susp: T: 2 TS: 1 HS:2
KPV MG: 0 TR: 2 HR:2
PK MG: 0
Traverse: 0 AMMUNITION
Engine: 0 Use the ammo records provided on page 253 of Twilight:
Fuel ("A consumed or destroyed): 0000000000 2000 to record consumption of 14.5mm and 7.62mm ammuni-
Suspension: Minor damage 0 Immobilized 0 tion.
WEAPON DATA
KPV MG
-Re coil-
KPV 5 12 2-2-3 10 lOOB * 150
'TheKPVisalwaysmountedon avehicleorfieldcarriage,and
PK MG
-Recoi&
PK 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 508 2 5 65
bipod 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 506 1 3 90
tripod 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 506 1 2 125
89

OT-651FUG
Price: $65,000 (WS) OT-65 FUG (Light CombatVehicIe):The4~4FUG (Felderito

Armament: PK MG (P) Uszo Gepkosci) is a Hungarian scout car known to the Czechs
Ammo: 1250x7.62mm as the OT-65, and fulfills a combat role similar to the Soviet
Fuel Type: D, A BRDM, that of light reconnaissancevehicle with minimal armor
Load: 400 kg and armament. The only access to the vehicle is through the
Veh Wf: 7 tonnes rooftop hatches, which is also the location of a pintle-mounted
Crew: 2+4 PK MG. The driver and vehicle commander sit in the front of the
Mnt: 2 vehicle; the passengers occupy seats along the sides.
Radiological: Open Tr Move: 175/65
Damage Record Corn Move: 40/15/6
Crewmembers: Commander/Gunner0 Driver 0 Fuel Cap: 200
Passengers: 1 0 2 3 0 4 0
SighWision: Night vision equipment Fuel Cons: 116
Radio: 0
PK MG: 0 Combat Statistics:
Engine: 0 Config: No Trt HF: 2
Fuel (“Aconsumed or destroyed):0000000000 Susp: W(2) HS: 1
Suspension: Minor damage 0 Immobilized 0 HR: 1
WEAPON DATA A MMUNIT10N

PK MG 2000 to record consumption of 7.62mm ammunition.
-RecoiC
PK 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 508 2 5 65
bipod 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 50B 1 3 90
tripod 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 50B 1 2 125
90

PSZH=IV/OT=66
Price: $95,000 ( 4 s ) PSZH-IV (Light Combat Vehicle): This 4x4 armored vehicle
Armament: KPV MG, PK MG coaxial is based on the Hungarian FUG chassis, with the addition of a
Ammo: 500x14.5mm, 2000x7.62mm heavy machinegun turret. The driver and commander sit in the
Fuel Type: D, A front, with hatches on the glacis for each. The gunner sits in the
Load: 300 kg turret, but enters through one of the doors on each side of the
Veh Wt7.5 tonnes vehicle, which are also used by the passengers. Two firing ports
Crew: 3+6 (which can accept any assault rifle) are located on each of the
Mnt: 3 left and right vehicle sides.
Night Vision: IR searchlight, headlights The PSZH-IV is in use by the armed forces of Hungary, the
Radiological: Enclosed Czech and Slovak Republics (where it is known as the OT-66),
and Bulgaria.
Damage Record
Crewmembers: Commander 0 Driver I7 Gunner 0 Tr Move: 170/65
Passengers: 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0
SighWision: Gun sight 0 Night vision equipment Corn Move: 40/15/5
Radio: Cl Fuel Cap: 200
KPV MG: 0
PK MG: 0
Fuel Cons: 128
Traverse: 0
Fuel (“Aconsumed or destroyed):0000000000 Config: Trt TF: 3 HF: 3
Suspension: Minor damage 0 Immobilized 0 Susp: W(2) TS: 2 HS: 2
TR: 2 HR: 2
WEAPON DATA
AMMUNITION
KPV MG Use the ammo records provided on page 253 of Twilight:
-Recoi& 2000 to record consumption of 14.5mm and 7.62mm ammuni-
Weapon ROF Dam Pen Bulk Mag SS Burst Rng tion.
KPV 5 12 2-2-3 10 lOOB 150
*TheKPVisalwaysmountedonavehicleorfieldcarriage,and
PK MG
-RecoiC
PK 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 508 2 5 65
bipod 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 508 1 3 90
tripod 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 50B 1 2 125
91

PT-76
Price: $110,000 (RIS) PT-76 (Light Combat Vehicle): The PT-76 (Plavayufschiy
Armament: 76.2mm gun, PK MG coaxial Tank = amphibious tank) is a tracked light reconnaissance
Ammo: 40x76.2mm, 1000x7.62mm vehicle manufactured by the Soviets and in service with the
Fuel Type: D, A armies of the Warsaw Pact. It was replaced in front line Soviet
Load: 300 kg units by various recon models of the BMP, but it can still be found
Veh Wf: 14 tonnes in smaller armies and in reserve units. The driver sits in the front
Crew: 3 of the vehicle, and has a hatch on the front deck. The remainder
Mnf: 5 of the crew sit in the two-man turret, and make use of a single
Night Vision:Active IR for driver only hatch on the turret deck. Optional rear-deck fuel tanks add 180
Radiological: Enclosed liters to the fuel capacity.
Damage Record Tr Move: 85/65

Crewmembers: Commander 0 Driver 0 GunnerlLoader 0
SighWision: Gun sight 0 Night vision equipment 0 Corn Move: 20/15/5
Radio: 0 Fuel Cap: 250
76.2mm Gun: 0
PK MG: 0 Fuel Cons: 169
Traverse: 0
fuel (“Aconsumed or destroyed): 0 0 000 0000 Config:Trt TF: 5 HF: 8
Suspension: Minor damage 0 Immobilized 0 Susp:T: 2 TS:5 HS: 3
TR: 3 HR: 1
WEAPON DATA
AM M UNIT1ON
76.2mm Rifled Gun Use the ammo records provided on page 253 of Twilight:
Type Rnd Rng Damage Pen 2000 to record consumption of 7.62mm ammunition.
76.2mm APHE 300 16 8/42
Rld: 1 HVAP 300 16 12l613 76.2mm (40 rounds)
HEAT 300 C:8, B: 14 40C 0000000000
HE 300 C: 6, B: 12 -3C 17000000000
17OOOOODOOO
PK M G OOOOOOUUOO
-Recoi&
PK 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 50B 2 5 65
bipod 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 50B 1 3 90
tripod 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 508 1 2 125
92

Challenger 2
Price: $850,000 (R/-) Challenger 2 (Main Battle Tank): This British tank entered
Fire Control: +2 service in the 1990s. It is an improved version of the earlier Chal-
Ammenf:120mmrifledgun(L30), MAGMGcoaxial,MAGMG(C) lenger main battle tank, with an improved turret and firecontrol,
Stabilization:Good and an all-new more powerful model of the 120mm rifled gun.
Ammo: 52xl20mm, 4000x7.62mm There is adriver’s hatch on the middle front deck, and agunner’s
Fuel Type: D, G, AvG, A hatch and commander’s hatch on the turret deck. A weapons
Load: 500 kg mount is located by the commander’s hatch.
Veh Wf: 62.5 tonnes Commander has a stabilized independent day sight.
Crew: 4
Mnf: 16
Nighf Vision:White light/l R searchlight, active/passive/therrnal Tr Mov; 130/110
imaging (shared by commander and gunner)
Radiological: Shielded Corn Mov; 30125
Fuel Cap: 1800
Damage Record Fuel Cons: 500
Crewmembers: Commander 0 Driver Gunner 0 Loader 0
SighWision: Gun sight Range finder 0 Night vision Combat Statistics:
equipment 0 Config: Trt TF: 120-Cp HF: 200-Cp
Radio: 0 Susp:T: 6 TS: 40 HS: 24
120mm Rifled Gun: 0 TR: 16 HR: 20
L7A2 MG: 0
L 7A2 MG (C): 0 AMMU NlTlON
Traverse:0 Use the ammo records provided on page 253 of Twilight:
Engine: 0 2000 to record consumption of 7.62mm ammunition.
Fuel (“Aconsumed or destroyed): 0 00 00000
WEAPON DATA
WEAPON DATA
L7A2 (MAG MG)
120mm Rifled Gun -Re coil-
Type Rnd Rng Damage Pen Weapon ROF Dam Pen Bulk Mag SS Burst Rng
120 Rfld L30 APFSDS 600 28 1101100190/70 L7A2(MAG) 10 4 2-3-Nil 6 1008 1 6 65
Rld: 1 APFSDSDU 600 28 150114011 301110 bipod 10 4 2-3-Nil 6 1008 1 4 90
HESH 450 C:14, B:25 IOOC tripod 10 4 2-3-Nil 6 1008 1 2 125
93
Leopard 2(1)
Price: $650,000 (SIR) Leopard2(1) (Main BaltleTank): Despite its name, the Leop-
Fire Control: +2 ard 2 actually represents an entirely new design rather than an
Armament: 120mm smoothbore gun, MG3 coaxial, MG3 (C) upgrade of the Leopard I.Protection has been enhanced by the
Stabilization: Good use of a form of compound armor, and the Leopard 2 was the
Ammo: 42x120mm, 4750x7.62mm first Western tank to mount the 120mm smoothbore gun which
fuel Type: G, D, A has since become nearly universal. The version listed here is
Load: 700 kg the improved, up-armoredversion introduced in the mid-1990s.
Veh Wt: 62.5 tonnes There is adriver’s hatch on the middle front deck, and a loader’s
Crew: 4 hatch and commander’s hatch on the turret deck. A weapons
Mnt: 14 mount is located by the commander’s hatch.
Night Vision: White light or IR searchlight, active/passive IR
Radiological: Shielded Tr Mov: 140/110
Damage Record Corn Mov: 35/25
Crewmembers:Commander 0 Driver 0 Gunner 0 Loader 0
SighWision: Gun sight 0 Range finder 0 Night vision
Fuel Cap: 1200
equipment 0 Fuel Cons: 315
Radio: 0
120mm Smoothbore Gun: 0 Combat Statistics:
MG3 MG (C): 0 Config: Trt TF: 100-Cp HF: 160-Cp
MG3 MG (coaxial): 0 Susp:T: 6 TS: 24 HS: 24
Traverse: 0 TR: 20 HR: 10
Engine: 0
Fuel (“Aconsumed or destroyed): 0000000000
Suspension: Minor damage 0 Immobilized AMMUNITION
WEAPON DATA 2000 to record consumption of 7.62mm ammunition.
120mm Smoothbore Gun 120mm (42 rounds)

Type Rnd Rng Damage Pen 0300000000
120mm Smth APFSDS 500 28 11011 00/90/70 0000000000
Rld: 1 APFSDSDU 500 28 150114011301110 on0oooclnoo
HEAT 400 C:10, B:25 11OC 0000000000
WP 400 C:3.B:45 Nil 00
MG3 MG
-Recoil-
MG3 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 lOOB 1 4 65
bipod 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 1008 1 2 90
tripod 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 1008 1 1 125
94

Price: $400,000 ( 4 R ) M-84 (Main BattleTank): The M-84 is the Yugoslav licensed
Fire Control: + 1 version of the Soviet T-72 main battle tank, and features a
Stabilization: Basic number of modificationsto adapt the vehicle to Yugoslav ser-
Armament: 125mm gun, PK MG coaxial, M2HB MG (C) vice. The layout is conventional for an MBT, with the driver in the
Ammo: 42xl25mm, 3000x7.62mm, 500x.50 BMG front of the hull, and the other two crewmembers in the turret.
Fuel Type: D, A The M-84, like the T-72, features an autoloader for the 125mm
Load: 500 kg main gun, so no human loader is required.
Veh Wt:41 tonnes
Crew: 3 Tr Move: 130185
Mnt: 13
Night Vision: White IighVlR searchlight, headlights Corn Move; 30120
Radiological: Shielded. Fuel Cap: 1200+400*
Damage Record Fuel Cons; 350
Crewmembers: Commander 0 Driver 0 Gunner 0 in jettisonable rear drums
SighWision:Gun sight 0 Range finder 0 Night vision equip-
ment 0 Combat Statistics:
Radio: 0 Config:Trt TF: 70 HF: 100-Cp
725mm Gun: 0 Susp:T 6 TS: 24 HS: 16
PK MG: 0 TR: 20 HR: 10
M2HB MG: 0
Loader: 0 AMMUNITION
Traverse: 0
Engine: 0 125mm gun (42 rounds)
Fuel (“7 consumed or destroyed): 0000000000 0000000000
Suspension: Minor damage 0 Immobilized0 00170000000
000000000cl
WEAPON DATA 00073000000
00
125mm Gun
Type Rnd Rng Damage Pen WEAPON DATA
125mrn APFSDS 450 28 100/90/80/60
R/d:2 APFSDSDU 450 28 1101100/90/70 M2HB MG
HEAT 400 C:10, B:25 11OC -Recoik
HE 400 C:14. B:35 1C Weapon ROF Dam Pen Bulk Mag SS Burst Rng
M2HB 5 8 2-2-3’ 8 1058 3 13 65
PK MG tripod 5 8 2-2-3’ 8 105B 2 6 150
-Recoik ‘50 SLAP ammunition has a penetration of 1-1-2.
PK 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 50B 2 5 65
bipod 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 50B 1 3 90
tripod 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 508 1 2 125

I MIA2
Price: $700,000 (R/R) MlA2(Main Batt1eTank):An improved MIA1 with moread-

Fire Control: +2 vanced electronics and communications.
Armament: 120mm gun, MAG MG coaxial, M2HB MG (C), MAG One important feature of the MIA2 is the addition of adiesel
MG (L) auxillary power unit. This allows avast increase in fuel efficiency,
Stabilization: Good as the gas turbine engine uses huge amounts of fuel even when
Ammo: 4Ox120mm, 100Ox.50 BMG, 11400x7.62mm only idling to provide basic electrical power.
Fuel Type: D, G, AvG, A Commander has an independent, stabilized thermal sight.
Load: 700 kg
Veh Wt: 63 tonnes Tr Mov: 130/110
Crew: 4
Mnf: 16 Corn Mov: 30/25
Night Vision: Passive IWthermal (for each commander, driver, Fuel Cap: 1900
and gunner)
Radiological: Shielded Fuel Cons: 600
Damage Record Combat Statistics:
Crewmembers: Commander 0 Driver 0 Gunner 0 Loader
COnfig:Ttt TF: 120-Cp HF: 200-Cp
SighWision: Gun sight 0 Range finder 0 Night vision
equipment 0
Susp: T 6 TS: 40 HS:16-Sp
Radio: 0
TR: 20 HR: 16
120mm Smoothbore Gun: 0
MAG MG (coaxial):0 AMMUNITION
MAG MG (C): 0
2000 to record consumption of 5 0 BMG and 7.62mm ammuni-
MAG MG (L): 0
tion.
M2HB MG: 0
Traverse: 0 WEAPON DATA
Engine: 0
Fuel ("A consumed or destroyed): 0000 00000 MAG MG
Suspension: Minor damage 0 Immobilized 0 -Recoik
WEAPON DATA MAG 10 4 2-3-Nil 6 lOOB 1 6 65
bipod 10 4 2-3-Nil 6 lOOB 1 4 90
120mm Smoothbore Gun tripod 10 4 2-3-Nil 6 100B 1 2 125
Type Rnd Rng Damage Pen
120mmSmth APFSDS 500 28 1101100/90/70 MSHB MG
Rld: 1 APFSDSDU 500 28 150/140/130/110 -Remi&
HEAT 400 C:lO, B:25 llOC Weapon ROF Dam Pen Bulk Mag SS Burst Rng
WP 400 C:3, B:45 Nil M2HB 5 8 2-2-3' 8 105B 3 13 65
tripod 5 8 2-2-3* 8 1058 2 6 150
'50 SLAP ammunition has a penetration of 1-1-2.

T-90
T-90 (Main Battle Tank): Unveiled in 1993, the T-90 marks

a return to diesel power following the gas turbine T-80. As an
improved T-80, the T-90 also has the same layout as the T-72.
TheT-90alsofiresanATGMfrom its 125mmgun, the9M119
Reflecks (known by NATO as the AT-11 “Sniper”).
Attachment lugs for reactive armor are fitted to the turret and
hull front (TF and HF).
Price:$600,000 (R/R)
Fire Control: +2 Tr Mov; 150/110
Armament: 125mm gun, PK MG coaxial, DShK MG (C)
Stabilization: Good
Corn Mov: 35/25
Ammo: 36xl25mm, 6xReflecks ATGM, 300x1 2.7mm, Fuel Cap: 1000+400*
1250~7.62mm
Fuel Type: D, G, AvG, A
Fuel Cons; 350
Load: 500 kg *in jettisonable rear drums
Veh Wt45 tonnes
Crew: 3 Combat Statistics:
Mnt: 18 Config-Trt TF: 90 HF: 140-Cp
Night Vision: White IighVlR spotlight, active/passive IR Susp:T 6 TS: 24 HS: 25-Sp
Radiologicai: Shielded TR: 20 HR: 10
Damage Record AMMUNITION
Crewmembers: Commander 0 Driver 0 Gunner 0 Use the ammo records provided on page 253 of Twilight: 2OOO
SighWision: Gun sight 0 Range finder 0 Night vision to record consumption of 12.7mm and 7.62mm ammunition.
equipment 0
Radio: 0 Reflecks ATGM (6 missiles)
725mm Gun: 0 000000
PK MG: 0
DShK MG: 0 125mm Gun (36 rounds)
Loader: 0 monoamon
Traverse: 0 nonoonmoo
Engine: 00000017000
Fuel (“Aconsumed or destroyed): 00 17017 017 00 000000
WEAPON DATA
WEAPON DATA
PK MG
Reflecks (AT-11 “Sniper”) ATGM -t?ecoik
Type Rld MaxRng Damage Pen Weapon ROF Dam Pen Bulk Mag SS Burst Rng
Reflecks (AT-11 “Sniper”) 6 5000 C:12, B:15 170C/130C‘ PK 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 50B 2 5 65
‘vs. reactive armor/vs. other armor bipod 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 508 1 3 90
tripod 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 508 1 2 125
125mm Gun
Type Rnd Rng Damage Pen DShK MG
125mm APFSDS 450 28 100/90/80/60 -Recoik
Rld.2 APFSDSDU 450 28 1101100/90/70 Weapon ROF Dam Pen Bulk Mag SS Burst Rng
HEAT 400 C:10, B:25 11OC DShK 5 9 2-2-3 8 50B 7 15 65
HE 400 C:14. B:35 1C tripod 5 9 2-2-3 8 508 3 7 150
97

I TR-85
Prim: $300,000 ( 4 3 ) TR-85 (Main Battle Tank): The TR-85 is a Romanian im-
Fire Control: +1 provement to the Soviet T-55 tank, incorporating a locally built
Stabilization: Basic version of the Chinese Yangzhou laser range finder, a German
Armament: 100mm gun, PK MG coaxial, DShK HMG (C) diesel engine (necessitating a lengthened chassis), and im-
Ammo: 43xlOOmm, 3000x7.62mm,500x12.7mm proved suspension and engine-cooling systems. The layout is
Fuel Type: D, A conventional for an MBT, with the driver in the front of the hull,
Load: 0.4 tonnes and the other two crewmembers in the turret. The vehicle is
Veh WC36 tonnes armed with a turret-mounted 1OOmm gun, acoaxial PK MG, and
Crew: 4 a DShK MG in a cupola mount on the turret.
Mnt: 12 TR-85s are found primarily in Romanian service, and are
Night Vision:Activetpassive IR, IR searchlight seldom encountered outside that nation.
Tr Move: 85/65
Damage Record
Crewmembers: Commander 0 Driver 0 Gunner 0 Loader 0 Corn Move: 20/15
SighWision:Gun sight 0 Range finder 0 Night vision equip- Fuel Cap: 965+400*
ment 0
Radio: 0 Fuel Cons; 420
7OOmm Gun: 0 in jettisonable rear drums
PK MG: 0
DShK MG: 0 Combat Statistics:
Traverse: 0 Config: Trt TF: 41 HF: 40
Engine: 0 Susp:T: 6 TS: 26 HS: 16
Fuel (“Aconsumed or destroyed):0000000000 TR: 12 HR: 12
AMMUNITION
WEAPON DATA Use the ammo records provided on page 253 of Twilight:
2000 to record consumption of 12.7mm and 7.62mm arnmuni-
1OOmm Gun tion.
lOOmm APDS-T 350 26 70/60/50/30 1OOmm (43 rounds)
Rid: 1 APHE 300 C:6, B:15 55/45/35/25 OOObO0OObO
HEAT 250 C:4,B:5 60C 0000000000
WP 250 C:3, B:25 Nil 0000000000
0000000000
PK MG 000
-RecoiC
Weapon ROF Dam Pen Bulk Mag SS Burst Rng WEAPON DATA
PK 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 50B 2 5 65
bipod 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 508 1 3 90 DShK HMG
tripod 5 4 2-3-Nil 6 50B 1 2 125 -Recoik
DShK 5 9 2-2-3 8 50B 7 15 65
tripod 5 9 2-2-3 8 50B 3 7 150
98

Dana (Vzor 77) 152mm SPH
Price: $120,000 ( 4 R ) Dana (Vzor 77) 152mm SPH (Self-Propelled Artillery):

Armament: 152mm howitzer, DShK MG (C) The Dana 152mm self-propelled howitzer is a Czech design
Ammo:28x152mm rounds and powdercharges,300x12.7mm based on the chassis of the Tatra 815 8x8 heavy truck. The
Fuel Type: D, G, AvG, A vehicle has a fully enclosed, armored cab in the front for the
Load: 500 kg driver and commander, and a fully enclosed (but separate)
Veh Wt: 23 tonnes armored turret in the center of the vehicle. The turret consists of
Crew: 5 two crew compartments on either side of the gun tube and its
Mnt: 8 elevating mechanism.
Nighf Vision: Headlights, active/passive IR driver only The engine occupies still another separate armored com-
Radiological: Enclosed partment in the rear. The cab has roof hatches for the driver and
commander which represent their only access to the vehicle.
Damage Record Each of the turret compartments has a door on each side and
Crewmembers: Commander 0 Driver 0 Gunner 0 Loader aroof hatch. In addition, there is a hatch with acupola-mounted
1 0 Loader 2 0 DShK MG (C) on the right compartment roof. The vehicle is
SighWision: Gun sight 0 Night vision equipment 0 encountered primarily in the Czech armed forces, less com-
Radio: 0 monly with Slovak forces, and seldom encountered with any
152mm Howitzer: 0 other military.
DShK MG: 0
Traverse: 0 Tr Move: 150/40
Engine: 0 Corn Move: 35/10
Fuel (% consumed or destroyed): 00000000 00
Suspension: Minor damage 0 Immobilized 0 Fuel Cap: 690
Fuel Cons: 221
WEAPON DATA
152mm Howitzer Combat Statistics:

Config:Trt TF: 4 HF: 4
152mm HE 300 C:24, B:45 3C Susp: W(4) TS: 3 HS:3
/FR:19 km APHE 350 C:8, B:15 80C TR: 3 HR: 2
R/d:2 WP 300 C:3,B:55 Nil
Chem 300 C:3, B:35 Nil AMMUNITION
ICM - B:75 Grenade' Use the ammo records provided on page 253 of Twilight:
ILLUM - B:2505 Nil 2000 to record consumption of 12.7mm ammunition.
'See Submunitions (ICM), Twilight: 2000, page 207.
152mm (28rounds and powder charges)
DShK MG 0000000000
-Recoirl 0000000000
Weapon ROF Dam Pen Bulk Mag SS Burst Rng 00000000
DShK 5 9 2-2-3 8 508 7 15 65
tripod 5 9 2-2-3 8 50B 3 7 150
99

M53/59 SPAA
Price: $85,000 ( 4 3 ) M53/59 SPAA (Self-Propelled Artillery): This vehicle is a

Fire Control: +1 heavily modified Czech Praga V3S 6x6 truck chassis mounting
Armament: 2x30mm autocannon twin 30mm AA autocannons. The vehicle was originally de-
Ammo: 80Ox30mm signed as a self-propelled antiaircraft gun, but is more com-
Fuel Type: D, A monly used against ground targets in the year 2000. The M53/
Load: 500 kg 59 is found in service with the armies of the Czech and Slovak
Veh Wt: 10.3 tonnes Republics, and with the armies of the former Yugoslavia (prima-
Crew: 5 rily Serbia and Croatia)
Mnt: 3 The driver and commander sit in the front in an enclosed
Night Vision: Headlights compartment (the commander has a Plexiglassdome cupola in
Radiological: Open the compartment roof). The gunner and loaders occupy the
open deck in the vehicle rear while the vehicle is in action. They
Damage Record normally ride in another vehicle while in transit.
Crewmembers: Commander 0 Driver 0 Gunner 0 Loader
1 0 Loader 2 0 Tr Move; 130/40
Sight/Vision:Gun sight0 Range finder0 Night vision equip-
ment 0 Corn Move: 30/10
Radio: 0 Fuel Cap: 120
30mm Autocannon: 0
Traverse:
Fuel Cons: 58
Engine: 0
Fuel (“A consumed or destroyed): 0000000000 Combat Statistics:
Suspension: Minor damage 0 Immobilized 0 Config: Veh HF: 3
Susp: W(2) HS: 2
WEAPON DATA HR: 2
30mm Autocannon AMMUNITION

Weapon ROF Mag Rng Ammo Damage Pen Use the ammo records provided on page 253 of Twilight:
30mm 5 100B 250 API 16 5111-2 2000 to record consumption of 30mm ammunition.
250 HE C:l , B:3 -6C
100
tiuw t a s i Europe 3ourceuuuK
VEHICLE RATINGS
These represent all vehicles included with Willght: 2000 version 2.2 (except those reproduced within this book on pages 70-loo), and represent the current ratings. Load and vehicle
weight are in tonnes unless otherwise noted.
Abbreviations: PIR = passive IR, A/PIR = activelpassive IR, WUlR SL = white IighVlR spotlight, P I W h = passive IRhhermal, WL or IR SL = white light or IR searchlight, II = image
intensification.
Movement Combat Statistics
Travel Combat Fuel Fuel Vehide Config Susp TF TS TR HF HR
Vehicle Move Move Capacity Consumption
HMMWV Veh wm - - - 1 1 1
UAZ-469 Veh - - 1 1 1
%-ton
.- truck
.. - - . Veh wm - - - 1 1 1
Wagon None (driver g d passenger@)are mounted targets)
10000-1tank truck Veh - - 1 1 1

Civilian Car Veh wizj - - - 1 1 1
M1 Trt T6 80-CD 40 16 160-CD 16-SD 16
T-72 Trt T6 70 24 20 10
in jettisonable rear drums T-80 Trt T6 90 24 20 20-Cp 16 10
101
Vehicle Ratings
0.015 1+1 1 -
Infantry FightingVehicles
BMP-2 150,000 (R/S) - 30mm autocannon Basic 50Ox30mm D,G, 1.5 14.3 3+8 12 PIR, II Shielded
AT-5 Launcher 4xAT-5 AvG,A
PK MG 2000x7.62mm
MAG MG coaxial 1840x7.62mm APIR
BTR-80 75,000 (S/C) - KPV MG - 500x14.5mm D,A 2.5 13.6 3+7 6 Headlights Shielded
PK MG coaxial 2000x7.62mm
OT-64 80,00O(S/C) - KPV MG - 500x14.5mm D.A 3 14 2+15 6 Headlights Shielded
PK MG 2000x7.62mm
LAV-25 100,000 (S/R) +1 25mm autocannon Basic 63Ox25mm D.A 2 12 3+6 6 PIR Enclosed
MAG MG coaxial 1620x7.62mm
Load depends on rider. See Twilight: 2000, page 25.

t For driver
* Shared by commander and gunner

tiuw tasr: turope a o u r c e ~ w o ~
Vehicle Ratings, cont.

Fire Fuel Vehicle NQht
Control Armament Stabilization Ammo TYP Load Webht Crew Mnt Vision Rad.
MI 600,000 (R/R) +2 105mm gun Good 55xl05mm D,G, 0.7 54 4 14 PIf?/Th* Shielded
MAG MG coaxial 1OOOx.50 BMG AvG,A
M2HB MG (C) 11.400x7.62mm
MAG MG ILI
M1A1 650,0OO(wR) +2 120mm SB-gun Good 40xl20mm D,G, 0.7 63 4 14 PIR/Th$ Shielded
MAG MG coaxial 1OOOx.50 BMG AvG, A
M2HB MG (C) 11,400x7.62mm
MAG VG (L)
Leopard I 420,000 (SIR) +1 105mm gun Basic 60x105 D,GA 0.7 40 4 8 WLor IR SL, Shielded
MG3 MG coaxial 5500x7.62mm NPIR
MG3 IC\
\-I
hA60A3 350,0OO(S/R) +I 105mmgun Basic 63xl05mm D,A 0.66 52.6 4 10 PlFiKh Shielded
M2HB MG (C) 900x.50 BMG WVlR SL
MAG MG coaxial 5950x7.62mm
M48A5 350,000 (SA?) +I 105mm gun Basic 54xl05mm D,A 0.5 49 4 10 PIR, WUSL Enclosed
MAG coaxial 10,000x7.62mm
MAG MG IC)
EPC"Lec1er-c" 700,00O(S/R) +2 120mmsbgun Good 40xl20mm D,A 0.7 53 3 14 WLSL,11 Shielded
M2HB coaxial
MAG MG (C)
C-1 "Ariete" 700,000 (SIR) +2 120mm sb gun Good 40xl20mm D,A 0.7 54 4 12 WLSL. II Shielded
MAG coaxial 2000x7.62mm
MAG MG (C)
T-72 400,000 (WR) +1 125mm gun Basic 45xl25mm D,A 0.5 44.5 3 16 WUlR SL, Shielded
PK MG 2000x7.62mm APIR
DShK MG (C1 300x12.7mm
T-80 ~00,000
(FWQ +2 1Bmm gui ' Basic 36xlZmm D,G 0.5 43 3 16 WRSL, Shielded
PK MG 5xAT-8 ATGM AvG, A APIR
DShK MG (C) 300x12.7mm
1250x7.62mm
6 10 Headlights Shielded
.PK
. . MG
...- (C\
\-I
1000x7.62mm
___
ZSO-30-4 100,000 (WR) +1 4x30mm guns Basic l904x30rnm D, A 0.6 34 4 12 Headlights Shielded
8xSA-19 missiles 8xSA-19
103
\

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Erin Tabakovic (Order #36286371)

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Erin Tabakovic (Order #36286371)

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