TRNC02961 10001

Practice Workbook
This workbook is designed for use in Live instructor-led training and for OnDemand self-study. The explanations
and demonstrations are provided by the instructor in the classroom, or in the OnDemand eLectures of this course
available on the Bentley LEARNserver (learn.bentley.com).
This practice workbook is formatted for on-screen viewing using a PDF reader. It is also available as a PDF
document in the dataset for this course.
SACS – Collapse Analysis with Seismic

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This workbook contains exercises to introduce you to seismic analyses with collapse in SACS
TRNC 02961-1/0001
Copyright © Bentley Systems, Incorporated DO NOT DISTRIBUTE – Printing for student use is permitted 1
Description and Objectives
Course Description
In this workbook, we will learn the fundamental skills to perform a collapse analysis using seismic results.
Skills Taught
 Spectral Collapse Analysis
 Dynamic Response Input: Define the dynamic response input file to generate equivalent static loads for collapse analysis.
 Dynamic Response Analysis: Perform an earthquake analysis with the dynamic response input.
 Collapse Input: Define a collapse input file using the equivalent static loads as the load sequence.
 Collapse Analysis: Perform a collapse analysis with the collapse input.
 Time History Collapse Analysis
 Dynamic Response Input: Define the dynamic response input file to generate collapse input.
 Collapse Input: Define a collapse input file using the dynamic response analysis as the load sequence.
 Dynamic Response Analysis: Perform an earthquake analysis with collapse input.
Creating the Spectral Collapse Analysis Directory
In this section, we will create the time history collapse analysis directory.
1. Open SACS Executive
Create the directory for the time history collapse analysis: Spectral Collapse
Make the directory the current work directory.
Copy dynmod.dat, dynmas.dat, seainp.dat, and sacinp.dat from the reference analysis files directory provided with this training and paste them in the
current work directory.
Create the Dynamic Response Input File
In this section, we will create the dynamic response input file to define the dynamic response options, the load case output options and the time history load
case input.
1. Launch the Datagen program by clicking on Modeler icon in the Interactive window of SACS Executive.
Click on the Create New Data File radio button in the Data Generator Dialog. Click OK.
Click on the Dynamic tab in the Select File Type dialog and select Spectral Earthquake Input File option. Click OK.
First, we will define the general dynamic response program options. This line will define the dynamic response analysis type as a base driven spectral
analysis, determine the number of modes used for the analysis and some general geometric parameters for the model. Go to Home > Tools > Insert
Input Line in the menu bar and select DROPT.
Enter the following options in the Line Assistant:
 Analysis Option: SPEC
 Number of Modes Included: 15
 Vertical Coordinate: +Z
 Mudline Elevation: -261.
Note: If input for an option is not specified. The value should be left blank and SACS will use the default option.
Structural damping is required for a dynamic response analysis. We will now define the structural damping using the SDAMP line. Go to Home > Tools >
Insert Input Line in the menu bar and select SDAMP. Enter the following options:
 Overall Modal Damping: 5.0
We need to tell SACS that the dynamic response analysis should generate equivalent static loads and there are a few options that need to be defined as
well. Go to Home > Tools > Insert Input Line in the menu bar and select EQKLOD. Enter the following options:
 Load Type: BS
 Reverse Option: STND
We can now enter the spectral load data to the input file. First, we will need to add a load header line to indicate the load data for SACS. Go to Home >
Tools > Insert Input Line in the menu bar and select LOAD.
There are a variety of ways to enter spectral loads into SACS dynamic response. In this example, we will be using a API spectral analysis load. Go to
Home > Tools > Insert Input Line in the menu bar and select SPLAPI. Enter the following options:
 Overall Response Factor: 0.3
 Directionality Factor – X Direction: 1.0
 X-Direction Soil Type: B
 Directionality Factor – Y Direction: 1.0
 Y-Direction Soil Type: B
 Directionality Factor – Z Direction: 0.5
 Z-Direction Soil Type: B
 Output Modal Combinations: CQC
 Create Response Spectrum Plots: Yes
Finally, enter END at the end of the file to indicate that the input file is complete.
Go to File > Save As in the menu bar and save the file as dyrinp.dat in the current working directory.
Creating the Spectral Earthquake Analysis Run File.
In this section, we will create the spectral earthquake analysis run file and run the analysis. In the current directory, there should be four input files: dynmas.dat
containing the dynamic mass matrix information, dynmod.dat containing the dynamic mode shape information, sacinp.dat containing the model information,
and dyrinp.dat containing the dynamic response options and spectral earthquake input information.
1. In SACS Executive, select Analysis Generator and set the following:
 Analysis Type: Dynamic
 Analysis Subtype: Spectral Earthquake
 File ID: eqksp
 SACS Section Library: AISC 13th
 In the Analysis Options, the following analysis options should be selected:
 Earthquake Options
 SACS Model File: sacinp.dat
 Dynamic Response Input File: dyrinp.dat
 Dynpac Mode Shape File: dynmod.dat
 Dynpac Mass File: dynmas.dat
The analysis generator settings shall look like following:
Click Run Analysis to run the analysis. A SACS OCI file dyroci.eqksp should be generate containing the equivalent static loads with the maximum base
shear from the spectral earthquake analysis.
Create the Collapse Input File
The spectral earthquake analysis generates an OCI file with the maximum base shear, but we need to tell collapse to use that load as our pushover load case.
In this section, we will create the collapse input file for the collapse analysis.
Click on the Static tab in the Select File Type dialog and select Collapse Input File option. Click OK.
First, we will define the general collapse program options. These options are mainly related to the non-linear convergence criteria (e.g. number of
iterations and convergence tolerances) and general behavior of the structure (e.g. joint flexibility, member elasticity, local buckling effects, etc.). Go to
Home > Tools > Insert Input Line in the menu bar and select CLPOPT.
For this exercise, we will mostly be using default convergence criteria which can be found on the CLPOPT line in the Collapse manual. Enter the following
options in the Line Assistant:
 Max. Iterations per Load Increment: 60
 Number of Member Segments: 8
 Max. No. of Member Iterations: 60
 Continue if Max. Iterations Exceeded: Yes
 Joint Flexibility Effects: JF
 Joint Strength Option: API
 Deflection Tolerance: 0.100 in
 Rotation Tolerance: 0.001 rad
 Member Deflection Tolerance: 0.01 in
 Collapse Deflection: 500 in
 Strain Hardening Ratio: .005
 Include Arc-Length Solver: No
 Include Sub-Incrementation: No
Next, we will define the load sequence and enter the gravity loading as the first load cases in the sequence. Go to Home > Tools > Insert Input Line in
the menu bar and select LDSEQ. Enter the following options:
 Load Sequence ID: AAAA
 Load Case Name: MISC
 Number of Increments: 1
 Ending Factor: 1.0
 Load Case Name: EQPT
 Load Case Name: GRVZ
We still need to define the seismic load as part of our load sequence. Go to Home > Tools > Insert Input Line in the menu bar and select LDSEQ. Enter
the following options:
 Load Case Name: 1
Note: Be sure to leave load sequence name blank.
Go to File > Save As in the menu bar and save the file as clpinp.spclp in the current working directory.
Creating the Collapse Analysis Run File.
In this section, we will create the collapse analysis run file and run the analysis. In the current directory, there should be three input files: dyroci.eqksp containing
the model information and seismic equivalent static load, seainp.dat containing the gravity load case information, and clpinpt.spclp containing the collapse
options and load sequence information.
 Analysis Type: Static
 Analysis Subtype: Full Plastic Collapse/Pushover
 File ID: eqksp
 Environmental Loading Options
 Solve Options
 Non-Linear / Plastic Options
 Seastate Input File: seainp.dat
 SACS Model File: dyroci.eqsp
 Collapse Input File: clpinp.spclp
Click Run Analysis to run the analysis. A new window Analysis Output should appear showing some key information from the collapse analysis. The table
includes the solve number (NSLV); the load case, increment, and loop; the critical deflection and rotation information and the deflection difference used for
convergence. This table is useful for troubleshooting various convergence errors that may be occurring during the course of the analysis.
Creating the Time History Collapse Analysis Directory
In this section, we will create the time history collapse analysis directory.
1. Open SACS Executive
Create the directory for the time history collapse analysis: Time History Collapse
Make the directory the current work directory.
Copy dynmod.dat, dynmas.dat, dyrthi.elcentro, seainp.dat, and sacinp.dat from the reference analysis files directory provided with this training and
paste them in the current work directory.
Create the Dynamic Response Input File
In this section, we will create the dynamic response input file to define the dynamic response options, the load case output options and the time history load
case input.
Click on the Dynamic tab in the Select File Type dialog and select Time History Earthquake Input File option. Click OK.
First, we will define the general dynamic response program options. This line will define the dynamic response analysis type as a base driven time history
analysis, determine the number of modes used for the analysis and some general geometric parameters for the model. Go to Home > Tools > Insert
Input Line in the menu bar and select DROPT.
Enter the following options in the Line Assistant:
 Analysis Option: TIME
 Number of Modes Included: 15
 Vertical Coordinate: +Z
 Mudline Elevation: -261.
Structural damping is required for a dynamic response analysis. We will now define the structural damping using the SDAMP line. Go to Home > Tools >
Insert Input Line in the menu bar and select SDAMP. Enter the following options:
 Overall Modal Damping: 5.0
We can now enter the time history load data to the input file. First, we will need to add a load header line to indicate the load data for SACS. Go to Home >
Tools > Insert Input Line in the menu bar and select LOAD.
There are a variety of ways to enter time history loads into SACS dynamic response. In this example, we will be using a separate time history input file.
We will also need to convert each time step into a load case for the collapse analysis and create a collapse input file with each load step included as part
of the load sequence. We can define the time history source and tell SACS to automatically generate the SACS OCI file and collapse input file using the
THLOAD line. Go to Home > Tools > Insert Input Line in the menu bar and select THLOAD. Enter the following options:
 Time History Source: FILE
 Damping Type: SDO
 Time History Interpolation: LN
 First Selection: ALL
 Second Selection: CLP
Note: Additional charts and reports may be generated using selection input but will not be utilized in this example.
We need to define the time integration controls for the time history input. This will determine the length of time, time interval for each time step and the
minimum integration time step. Go to Home > Tools > Insert Input Line in the menu bar and select TIME. Enter the following options:
 End Time: 35.0
 Output Time Interval: 0.02
 Minimum Time Integration Step: 1.0E-8
Go to File > Save As in the menu bar and save the file as dyrinp.dat in the current working directory.
Create the Collapse Input File
The time history seismic collapse analysis will automatically generate a collapse input file, but we need to define some of the collapse options and initial load
sequence parameters in a partial input file. In this section, we will create the collapse input file for the dynamic response analysis.
Click on the Static tab in the Select File Type dialog and select Collapse Input File option. Click OK.
First, we will define the general collapse program options. These options are mainly related to the non-linear convergence criteria (e.g. number of
iterations and convergence tolerances) and general behavior of the structure (e.g. joint flexibility, member elasticity, local buckling effects, etc.). Go to
Home > Tools > Insert Input Line in the menu bar and select CLPOPT.
For this exercise, we will mostly be using default convergence criteria which can be found on the CLPOPT line in the Collapse manual. Enter the following
options in the Line Assistant:
 Max. Iterations per Load Increment: 60
 Number of Member Segments: 8
 Max. No. of Member Iterations: 60
 Continue if Max. Iterations Exceeded: Yes
 Joint Flexibility Effects: JF
 Joint Strength Option: API
 Deflection Tolerance: 0.100 in
 Rotation Tolerance: 0.001 rad
 Member Deflection Tolerance: 0.01 in
 Collapse Deflection: 500 in
 Strain Hardening Ratio: .005
 Include Arc-Length Solver: No
 Include Sub-Incrementation: No
Next, we will define the load sequence and enter the gravity loading as the first load case in the sequence. Go to Home > Tools > Insert Input Line in the
menu bar and select LDAPL. Enter the following options:
 Load Sequence ID: DTN1
 Load Case Name: EQKS
Go to File > Save As in the menu bar and save the file as clpinp.thclp in the current working directory.
Creating the Time History Collapse Analysis Run File.
In this section, we will create the time history collapse analysis run file and run the analysis. In the current directory, there should be seven input files: dynmas.dat
containing the dynamic mass matrix information, dynmod.dat containing the dynamic mode shape information, sacinp.dat containing the model information,
seainp.dat containing the load case information, dyrthi.elcentro containing the time history accelerations, clpinp.dat containing the collapse options and load
sequence and dyrinp.dat containing the dynamic response options and time history input information.
 Analysis Type: Dynamic
 Analysis Subtype: Force Time History
 File ID: eqkth
 Dynamic Response Input File: dyrinp.dat
 Environmental Loading Options
 Forced Response Options
 Solve Options
 Non-Linear / Plastic Options
 Seastate Input File: seainp.dat
 SACS Model File: sacinp.dat
 Dynpac Mode Shape File: dynmod.dat
 Dynpac Mass File: dynmas.dat
 Time History Input File: dyrthi.elcentro
 Collapse Input File: clpinp.dat
Click Run Analysis to run the analysis. A new window Analysis Output should appear showing some key information from the collapse analysis. The table
includes the solve number (NSLV); the load case, increment, and loop; the critical deflection and rotation information and the deflection difference used for
convergence. This table is useful for troubleshooting various convergence errors that may be occurring during the course of the analysis.
Check the Analysis Results
In this section, we will review any warnings or errors that appear in the error log and check some key data in the dynamic response listing file.
1. After the analysis finishes, check the Error Log in SACS Executive to make sure that there is no error message reported. You should get a couple of
maximum iteration warnings and warnings regarding the structural collapse.
Open the dynamic response listing file in the Files tab in SACS Executive by double-clicking on the file. You can search for a number of reports that were
specified on the CLPRPT line here. You can also search for PLASTICITY to find which members yield and at what load step. This can be useful for finding
view later in collapse view.
*** PLASTICITY OCCURRED ON MEMBER 838- 807 AT LOAD STEP 21
Note: You can search WARNING, ERROR, and INFO in your text editor to find the logged information in the listing file.
The collapse solution summary can be found towards the end of the file. It contains the same information that was displayed in the Analysis Output
window.
*************** COLLAPSE SOLUTION SUMMARY ***************
LOAD SEQUENCE 1
LOAD LOAD NO. * MAXIMUM DEFLECTION * ** MAXIMUM ROTATION ** ** SOLUTION DATA ** *** REACTION SUMMATION ***
INCR CASE FACTOR LOOPS DEFL. JOINT DOF ROT. JOINT DOF MAX. JOINT DOF FX FY FZ
IN DIGITS KIPS KIPS KIPS
1 EQKS 0.20 1 -0.366 830 DZ 0.0017846 838 RX 2 836 DY 0.00 0.00 321.78
2 EQKS 0.40 1 -0.733 830 DZ 0.0035697 838 RX 2 836 DY 0.00 0.00 643.56
3 EQKS 0.60 1 -1.100 830 DZ 0.0053546 838 RX 2 836 DY 0.00 0.00 965.34
4 EQKS 0.80 1 -1.468 830 DZ 0.0071386 838 RX 2 836 DY 0.00 0.00 1287.12
5 EQKS 1.00 1 -1.837 830 DZ 0.0089211 838 RX 2 836 DY 0.00 0.00 1608.90
6 2 1.00 1 -1.839 830 DZ 0.0089174 838 RX 2 836 DY 0.00 0.00 1608.90
7 3 1.00 1 -1.860 830 DZ 0.0090010 838 RX 2 836 DY -10.38 1.92 1548.71
8 4 1.00 1 -1.771 830 DZ 0.0090185 838 RX 2 836 DY -58.36 15.72 1447.68
9 5 1.00 1 -1.672 830 DZ 0.0090603 838 RX 2 836 DY -102.39 41.82 1306.84
10 6 1.00 1 1.928 844 DX 0.0090381 838 RX 2 836 DY -144.31 54.93 1151.65
11 7 1.00 1 2.900 844 DX 0.0088875 838 RX 2 836 DY -193.91 70.63 1083.15
Also, since the joint strength check option is selected, a joint failure summary report is included in the dynamic response listing file.
****************** JOINT FAILURE SUMMARY REPORT ******************
LOAD SEQUENCE 1
No joint failures to report
Check the Analysis Results Using Collapse View
In this section, we will review view some results in the collapse restart file using collapse view.
1. The dynamic response listing file is quite useful for quickly accessing a lot of data and diagnosing and potential modeling or convergence errors that might
have occurred, but collapse view provides a great way to visualize the results and generate additional reports and graphs. Double-click on the collapse
restart file, clprst.dat in the Files tab in SACS Executive to open it in collapse view. You should see something like this:
The first thing that we typically want to view in collapse view is the deflected shape with plasticity. Select Load Step > General > Last to display the final
load step where the structure collapses. You can use the other buttons under Load Step > General to navigate to other load steps.
Note: Sometimes the final load step may show some odd geometries with members disconnected and deformed in unnatural positions. Keep in mind that
the collapse analysis only will stop after the deflection criteria is met which may require a sudden collapse of the structure. The prior load step is
usually more beneficial for illustrative purposes in these cases.
We can also animate the loads sequence selecting Load Step > Animation > Animate to open the Loadstep Animation dialog. Enter the following
information and click Play to start the animation:
 Deflected Shape Factor: 1
 Starting Loadstep: 30
 Ending Loadstep: 37
Additional reports can be generated without the user modifying the collapse input file and rerunning the analysis. Select File > Generate Report to open
the Report Selection dialog. Select Work Done from the Report Type drop-down menu and click OK to generate a report with work done on the structure
during the pushover analysis.
We can also generate graphs using collapse view. Select Load Step > General > Graphs to open the Graph Settings and Format dialog. Select Load Step
in the X-Axis window and Base Shear in the Y-Axis window. Click Add to add the graph to the list of saved graphs. Click Show Graphs to display the
graph. You should see something like this:

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Practice Workbook

SACS – Collapse Analysis with Seismic

 Spectral Collapse Analysis

 Collapse Analysis: Perform a collapse analysis with the collapse input.

 Time History Collapse Analysis

 Dynamic Response Analysis: Perform an earthquake analysis with collapse input.

1. Open SACS Executive

Make the directory the current work directory.

 Analysis Option: SPEC

 Number of Modes Included: 15

 Mudline Elevation: -261.

 Overall Modal Damping: 5.0

 Reverse Option: STND

 Overall Response Factor: 0.3

 Directionality Factor – X Direction: 1.0

 X-Direction Soil Type: B

 Directionality Factor – Y Direction: 1.0

 Directionality Factor – Z Direction: 0.5

 Z-Direction Soil Type: B

 Output Modal Combinations: CQC

 Create Response Spectrum Plots: Yes

1. In SACS Executive, select Analysis Generator and set the following:

 Analysis Type: Dynamic

 Analysis Subtype: Spectral Earthquake

 File ID: eqksp

 SACS Section Library: AISC 13th

 In the Analysis Options, the following analysis options should be selected:

 SACS Model File: sacinp.dat

 Dynamic Response Input File: dyrinp.dat

 Dynpac Mode Shape File: dynmod.dat

 Dynpac Mass File: dynmas.dat

 Max. Iterations per Load Increment: 60

 Number of Member Segments: 8

 Max. No. of Member Iterations: 60

 Continue if Max. Iterations Exceeded: Yes

 Joint Flexibility Effects: JF

 Joint Strength Option: API

 Deflection Tolerance: 0.100 in

 Rotation Tolerance: 0.001 rad

 Member Deflection Tolerance: 0.01 in

 Collapse Deflection: 500 in

 Strain Hardening Ratio: .005

 Include Arc-Length Solver: No

 Load Sequence ID: AAAA

 Load Case Name: MISC

 Ending Factor: 1.0

 Load Case Name: EQPT

 Ending Factor: 1.0

 Load Case Name: GRVZ

 Ending Factor: 1.0

 Load Case Name: 1

 Number of Increments: 100

 Ending Factor: 5.0

Note: Be sure to leave load sequence name blank.

1. In SACS Executive, select Analysis Generator and set the following:

 Analysis Type: Static

 Analysis Subtype: Full Plastic Collapse/Pushover

 File ID: eqksp

 SACS Section Library: AISC 13th

 In the Analysis Options, the following analysis options should be selected:

 Environmental Loading Options

 Non-Linear / Plastic Options

 Seastate Input File: seainp.dat