1.

Gandhi started his historic Dandi march from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi on 12
March, 1930. Together with 78 chosen followers, Gandhi walked nearly 375 km from
Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi, a village on the Gujarat sea-coast. He reached Dandi on
5 April. This Dandi March signified the beginning of the Civil Disobedience
Movement.
2. Many of the nationalist leaders were not happy or did not support Gandhi’s decision
to boycott the salt-laws. Patel suggested that instead of salt-law, they could have
boycotted land revenue. Another proposition was that they could have boycotted
the export of raw cotton to Britain. But Gandhi said that “Next to air and water, salt
is perhaps the greatest necessity of life.” Gandhi gave the reason for choosing salt as
the item of boycott because land revenue was paid by only a small section of the
people, only the landed aristocracy and the upper-middle class. It would not include
the lower classes. Similarly, boycotting the export of raw cotton textile to Britain
would also affect only one portion of the society. But salt was an item of daily use,
which every section of society had to use. Salt tax represented 8.2% of the
Government’s revenue. So it would mean that the Government’s revenue would go
down by 8.2 % per year.
3. The leader of the Civil Disobedience Movement in the North West Frontier Province
was Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan, also known as ‘Frontier Gandhi’. He was born as Bacha
Khan, and was respectfully known as Fakhr-e-Afghan. In 1929, he founded the
Khudai Khidmatgar organization, also knows as the Red Shirts or the ‘Lal Kurta
contingent’ to fight against the British on non-violent lines.
4. In the Gandhi-Irwin Pact of 1931, Lord Irwin stated that all political prisoners who
had fought on non-violent lines would be released, while those guilty of violence
only would be detained and he allowed peaceful picketing of liquor shops and shops
selling foreign cloth.
5. The British Government summoned in London in 1930, the first Round Table
Conference of Indian leaders and spokesmen of the British government to discuss
the Simon Commission Report. But the National Congress boycotted the Conference
and its proceedings proved abortive; for a conference on Indian affairs without the
Congress was like staging Ramlila without Rama. They needed the Congress to
participate in the Round Table Conference, otherwise no negotiation would be
possible.
6. Two women participants of the Civil Disobedience Movement were Sarojini Naidu
and Kasturba Gandhi.
7. Ramsay MacDonald introduced the Communal Award on 16th August 1932, which is
also known as the Mac Donald Award. The two main proposals were:
a) The Communal Award proposed separate electorates for the minority
communities like Sikhs, Muslims, Indian Christians and Europeans.
b) The Hindu Community was divided into two sections- a caste Hindu and the
backward Hindu.
8. While most of the minority communities and the backward Hindus were in favour of
the Communal Award, the Akali Dal, which was an organization of the Sikhs criticized
the Award because only 19% of the seats were reserved for the Sikhs. They wanted
even more seats to be reserved only for the Sikhs.
9. The Poona Pact was signed on 25 September, 1925 between Gandhi and B.R.
Ambedkar. The Pact recognized dual system of election for the Hindus and the
 number of seats for the Scheduled Caste and the Scheduled Tribe candidates were
doubled.
10. The Civil Disobedience Movement gradually lost importance. Gandhi continued the
individual satyagraha from 1 August, 1933 to March 1934. After this, the individual
satyagraha also lost relevance and in a meeting of the All-India Congress Committee
in Patna in May, 1933, Gandhi officially suspended the Civil Disobedience Movement.
But most of the leaders did not participate in this meeting. On 8 May, 1934, Gandhi
withdrew the Movement.