Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali

Jinnah: From Indian Nationalist to

Muslim Nationalist.
Introduction:
 Indian Nationalist:
Quaid e Azam believed in oneness of India.
He advocated home-rule (self government) for India.
He opposed separate state for the Muslims.
 Muslim Nationalist:
He started to believe in separate state for Muslims.
He considered Muslims as a separate nation.
Jinnah’s Entry into Politics:
He started politics as a stern Indian nationalist with no
Communal feelings.
He was rational, liberal, and democratic person.
He joined Indian National Congress in 1906.
He did not join All India Muslim League because he
believed that it would divide the nation into Hindus and
Muslims.
He became member of Imperial legislative council in
1910.
Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity:
 He joined All India Muslim League on the insistence of Sayyed Wazir
Hassan and Muhamad Ali Jouhar in 1913.
 He tried his best to bring the two political parties closer together.
 His efforts borne fruit when Indian National Congress and All India Muslim
League held joint session in 1916 in Lucknow.
 Lucknow Pact (1916) was signed to his alone effort.
 He then earned the title of “Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity”. This title
was given by Sarojini Naidu.
 Due to his efforts, Indian National Congress accepted separate electorate in
Lucknow Pact.
 To further show his desires for self govt, he joined Home Rule League in
1917.
 It was established by B. G. Tilak and Annie Besant, in 1916
Lucknow Pact: 1916
 New era of cooperation between the Muslims League and The INC
 Great Leader, Muhammad Ali Jinnah played a significant role in bringing
the two communities closer together
 British was engaged in WWI
 Both the league and the Congress was ready to give concessions
 They held heir annual session at Lucknow and signed the pact
Main Features :
 Hindus agreed to the right of separate electorate. For the first and last time
 Hindus agreed to one third representation of Muslims in imperial legislative
council
 A weightage formula was introduced under which Muslims would get less
representation in provinces in which they were in majority (Bengal and
Punjab) and more representation in provinces in which they were in
minority (UP, Madrass etc)
 No bill or motion related to any community to be passed by non-official
member unless approved by three-fourth members of that community
 Shift from Indian Nationalist to
Muslim Nationalist:
 He did not agree with Gandhi’s Satiyagrah and non-cooperation
movements.
 He considered that such policies would lead to political anarchy.
 He left Indian National Congress and Home-Rule League
 Nehru report in 1928 further alienated him
 He presented fourteen points in 1929. in those points, he spoke as a staunch
Muslim nationalist.
Jinnah’s 14 points:
 In response to Nehru Report in 1928, Jinnah presented his 14 points.
 Main Points:
 The form of the future constitution should be federal, with the residuary
powers to be vested in the provinces.
 A uniform measure of autonomy shall be granted to all provinces.
 All legislatures in the country and other elected bodies shall be constituted
on the definite principle of adequate and effective representation of
minorities in every province without reducing the majority in any province
to a minority or even equality.
 In the Central Legislature, Muslim representation shall not be less than one
third
 Representation of communal groups shall continue to be by separate
electorates: provided that it shall be open to any community, at any time, to
abandon its separate electorate in favor of joint electorate.
Conti..
 Any territorial redistribution that might at any time be necessary shall not in
any way affect the Muslim majority in the Punjab, Bengal and the NWFP
 Full religious liberty i.e. liberty of belief, worship, and observance, propaganda,
association, and education, shall be guaranteed to all communities.
 No bill or resolution or any part thereof shall be passed in any legislature or any
other elected body if three fourths of the members of any community in that
particular body oppose such a bill, resolution or part thereof on the ground that
it would be injurious to that community or in the alternative, such other method
is devised as may be found feasible practicable to deal with such cases.
 Sind should be separated from the Bombay Presidency.
 Reforms should be introduced in the NWFP and Balochistan on the same
footing as in other provinces Etc….
Conti..
 Analysis:
 These points removed all misunderstandings of Hindu nationalist that India
consisted of only one nation. Jinnah’s vision and far sightedness proved
once again that Muslims were not minority but nations with distinct culture
and values; that they would not be subjugated by Hindu majority; that they
would not endure dictatorship of Hindu majority.
 It also cleverly highlighted Muslims interests. Jinnah’s fourteen points
widened the gap between the two communities.
 It was charter that no future constitutional arrangements would be accepted
without considering these demands.
Cont..
 Those fourteen points of Quaid-e- Azam was rejected by Indian National
Congress which forced to announce-this is parting of ways.
 Since then, he became champion of Muslim cause.
 He organized All India Muslim League under single leadership.
 He represented Muslims at Round Table Conferences.
Jinnah: The Sole Spokesman
 He raised Muslim Leagues in ten years (1937-47) from a poorly organized
political party to a force that can challenge the British and Hindus
combined.
 When he took up leadership of Muslim League in 1934, the Muslims were
a weak lot without any leadership and surrounded by intolerant and
arrogant Hindu majority
 Within a short time he became the accredited leader of the Muslims who
affectionately bestowed on him the title of Quaid e Azam (this title was
given by Maulana Mazruddin in 1938)
 Two-Nation Theory in the Lights of
Speeches of Jinnah:
 Jinnah used the term NATION for the Muslims of India in February 1935 in
Legislative Assembly.
 “Muslims are not a minority. Muslims are a nation by any cannon of law”.
 “Muslims have own culture, civilization, language, literature, values and
customs”.
 “Muslims and Hindus are two nations and they are going to live as a nation
and playing part as a nation”.
Cont..
 “By all cannons of international law, we are a nation”.
 “There are only two parties in India: Indian National Congress and British.
The other must line-up. Jinnah replied, “There is a third party to be
reckoned with and that is All India Muslim League”.
 “ they neither intermarry nor inter-dine. They receive aspirations from
different sources.”