Appendix 1: Key To Families (Or Subfamilies o F Phyllostomidae) o F Bats

645
Appendix 1
Field key to the bats of the Guianan subregion.
Key tofamilies (or subfamilies o f Phyllostomidae) o f bats

la Nose with erect projection of skin (noseleaf), folds, or wrinkles on (New World leaf-nosed
face above the chin bats) Phyllostomidae 2a
2a Tail membrane long; ears usually large Phyllostominae
2b Tail membrane relatively short; ears not greatly enlarged 3a
3a Rostrum elongated; tongue long; noseleaf small and simple Glossophaginae
3b Rostrum not elongated; tongue not long; noseleaf variable 4a
4a Muzzle narrow; stripes never present; FA < 45; chin with large cen Carolliinae
tral wart surrounded by smaller bumps
4b Combination not as above 5a
5a Prominent noseleaf; incisors not larger than canines; hind limbs not Stenodermatinae
robust; thumbs not noticeably enlarged
5b Noseleaf reduced to bump or ridge and not plainly evident; incisors Desmodontinae
enlarged and blade-like; thumbs well developed; hind limbs robust
lb Upper face and snout plain and simple with no noseleaf 6a
6a Tail protrudes from the dorsal surface of the uropatagium 7a
6b Tail completely enclosed in uropatagium or emerges from the poste 9a
rior margin
7a Fur long and lax; overall body shape thin and delicate; glandular sac Emballonuridae
often present in tail or fore-wing membrane
8a Upper lip split, enlarged, and drooping; hindfeet and claws great Noctilionidae
ly enlarged; dorsal fur short, ranging from grey-brown to orange;
body is robust; strong musty odour obvious
8b Upper lip not split and drooping; hindfeet and claws not noticeably Mormoopidae
enlarged; lips or chin with flaring fleshy plates or folds of skin
9a Ears large, funnel-shaped; eyes small, nearly hidden by ears; face (Natalus tunudirostrisG;
flattened, almost duck-like; dorsal fur ranges from yellowish funnel-earred bat)
brown to orange; small delicate bat; FA 38-42 Natalidae
10a Tiny thumb almost completely enclosed in membrane of wing and Furipteridae (Fwipterus
with reduced claw; dorsal fur long, dense and greyish; tiny, delicate horrejisG; thumbless
bat; FA 33-38 bat)
% 10b Thumb well-developed, and with a claw 11a
1la Rounded suction disc on wrists and ankles; tail slightly longer than Thyropteridae
tail membrane
1lb No suction discs on wrists or ankles 12a
12a Long, thin tail is enclosed in and extends to end of pointed mem Vespertilionidae
brane; fur relatively long and lax; hind limbs long and thin; ear
and wing membranes thin and delicate
12b Long, thick tail extends well beyond end of main tail membrane; Molossidae
body tends to be dorso-ventral ly flattened with short, stocky legs
and relatively narrow' wings; fur short and oily; ear and wing mem
branes thick and leathery
Key to the species o f Phyllostominae (family Phyllostomidae)

la Base of noseleaf completely surrounded by cup-shaped rim; body 2a
size larger
lb Base of noseleaf not completely rimmed; body size variable 3a
646
Appendix 1. Continued.
2a FA 98-110; largest bat in the Neotropics; short brownish fur; dorsal (great false vampire bat)
stripe can be faint; no tail Vampyrum spectrum
2b FA 77-87; long, wooly greyish fur; no dorsal stripe; short tail (woolly false vampire bat)
Chrotopterus auritus^
3a Elongated papillae-like projections around mouth; FA 57-66 (frog-eating bat) Trachops
cirrhosus01
3b No papillae-like projections around mouth 4a
4a Tail reaches edge of tail membrane 5a
4b Tail shorter than legs and tail membrane 8a
5a Noseleaf broad; tail membrane squarish with horizontal rows of (long-legged bat)
prominent dots; legs long; feet large; FA 34-37 Macrophyllum
macmphyllum^
5b Noseleaf greatly elongated; posterior margin of tail membrane point (Lonchorhina;
ed in middle, not straight across; no rows of dots; feet not enlarged sword-nosed bats) 6a
6a Dorsal fur dark brown to reddish brown; FA 47-54; WT 12-22 L. ciuritcF^
6b Dorsal fur variable; FA < 46; WT < 11 7a
7a Dorsal fur pale brown; ears larger (29-31); no accessory processes L. orinocensis
at base of noseleaf
7b Dorsal fur medium brown; ears small (19); small accessory process L. femandezi
es projecting from base of noseleaf
8a Chin with elongated smooth pads in a simple V-shape (Micronycteris; big-earned
bats) 9a
8b Chin with a series of flat round bumps 19a
9a Ears separated, not joined across head by band 10a
9b Ears joined across top of head by connecting band 13a
10a Two prominent upper incisors; FA > 50; dorsal fur unicolor grey- M. daviesf^
brown
10b Four upper incisors; dorsal fur variable, not uni color; FA < 45 11a
11a Dorsal fur tricoloured with dark bases and tips; calcar shorter than 12a
HF
lib Fur faintly bicoloured dark brown or orangish with slightly paler bas M. brachyotisGI
es; distinct orangish-red ruff on throat and upper chest; FA 39-43;
calcar as long as HF
12a Fur long and strongly tricoloured with dark brown bases and tips M. sylvestrisGl
alternating with paler middle band; FA 39-43; ears large (21-22)
12b Fur shorter and faintly tricoloured greyish-brown to orange; faint M.niceforf51 / PM
mid-dorsal line; FA 36-41; ears small (17-20)
13a Ear joined by a low, faintly notched band; FA 41—46; dorsal fur bi M. hirsute
coloured, brownish with paler bases
13b FA < 39 14a
14a Venter white or pale 15a
14b Venter brown or dark 18a
15a Fur long and pale brown with wide white basal band; notch in ear M schmidtorum
band moderate; FA 33-38; calcar longer than hindfoot
16a Pale grey ventral lur; short hairs on leading edge of ears; calcar long M. brossetf^
er than hindfoot; FA 31-34
17a Smooth membrane-covered depression behind deeply-notched con M. homezfi
necting membrane between ears; long clump of hairs on leading
edge of ears; FA 34-37
647
17b Fossa, ear band, and notch less prominent; hairs on ears short; FA M. minutaGl
31-38
18a Fur on leading edge of ear >4; FA 32-36 M. megalotisGI
18b Fur on leading edge of ear <4; FA 30-36 M microtiP^
19a Noseleaf long and lancet-shaped; ears large, pointed, and hairy (Minton; lancet-nosed bat)
20a
20a FA 50-58; no dorsal stripe; dorsum pale brown; noseleaf smooth, M. bennettP
hairless, and light brown
20b FA 47-55; prominent white dorsal stripe on dark brown or blackish M. crenulatunP1
dorsum; noseleaf hairy, serrated, and pinkish
21a Tail membrane longer than legs; ears large and rounded (Tonatia; round-eared bats)
22a
21b Tail membrane shorter than legs; ears medium-sized and triangular 26a
22a FA 46-52; venter white T carrikerP*
22b Venter not white 23a
23a FA 42-45; prominent warts on forearm; venter paler than dorsum T schulzP1
23b No warts cm FA 24a
24a Body size small; FA 33-40; dorsum warm brown T brasilienseGl
24b Body size large; FA > 50 25a
25a FA 52-61; ear 29-34; FA hairy; ears separate and do not fold back; T sauropitilcP1
stripe on forehead between ears (sometimes faint)
25b FA 50-59; ear 36-41; FA naked; ears connected and can fold back; T. silvicolaGI
no stripe on forehead
26a Noseleaf continuous with lip; pale face and wings; wings and body (pale-faced bat )Phylloder~
often with irregular white spots; FA 67-73 ma stenopP^
26b Noseleaf with free skin flap around base; dark face and wings; body (Phyttostomus;
and wings seldom with white spots spear-nosed bats) 27a
27a FA 77-94; WT 64-110; dorsal fur short, blackish or reddish brown P hastatwP1
27b FA < 70 28a
28a Calcar < HF; venter pale; FA 55-69; ear 19-26; dorsal fur short P. discoloP *
greyish to orangish brown, sometimes with greenish tinge
28b Calcar > HF; venter dark 29a
29a FA 61-69; tibia > 24; common; WT 30-57; venter dark brown with P elongatuP1
out frosting
29b FA 56-60; tibia < 23; rare; WT 25-30; venter brown with light frost P latifoliuP
ing
Key to species o f Glossoplutginae (family Phyllostomidae)
la No lower incisors 2a
lb Lower incisors present 8a
2a Tail membrane hairy and greatly reduced not reaching beyond knees; (Anoura; hairy-legged
tail absent or tiny long-tongued bats) 3a
2b Tail membrane longer, reaching beyond knees 5a
3a FA 34-39; WT 9-13; base of hairs dark, tips paler brown; small tail A. candifercP
3b FA > 39; tail absent 4a
4a FA 39—45; WT 13-19; base of hairs pale, tips darker brown; venter A. geoffroyP1
ujiiformly brown; premolars narrow
4b FA 40-46; WT ca. 16; dorsum faintly bicoloured with greyish-brown A. latidem P
tips and pale bases; whitish throat and chest; premolars wider,
more robust
648
5a Dorsal fur tricoloured with dark brown bases and tips with pale mid (dark long-tongued bat)
dle band; FA 31-34; wings attach near base of toes; tail present, Uchonycteris ohscurcP
shorter than naked tail membrane; lower jaw slightly longer than
upper
5b Fur bicoloured 6a
6a Second phalange of thumb longer than first; one long whisker from (Ega’s long-tongued bat)
below the front of each ear, whiskers around mouth and nose not Scleronycteris ega
prominent; dorsal fur blackish brown with pale bases; venter light
er brown; FA 35
6b Phalanges of thumb equal in length; whiskers around mouth as (Choemniscus; long-nosed
prominent as those around nose; no long whisker in front of ear long-tongued bats) 7a
7a FA 31-35; venter paler than dorsum; dorsal fur pale at base, brown C. godmanfi
at tips
7b FA 32-37; venter similar colour to dorsum C minor01
8a Lower lip distinctly split with groove; fur bicolour; wing attaches at (Glossophaga; common
ankle long-tongued bats) 9a
8b Lower lip without groove 10a
9a FA 35-41; lower incisors weakly cusped, not tightly spaced; found G. longimstris^
primarily in savanna
9b FA 32-38; lower incisors peg-like, crowded together; found primar G. soricina^
ily in rainforest
10a Fur more strongly bicoloured than G. soricina; inner upper incisors (spear-nosed long-tongued
large, more than twice the outer; FA 30-34 bat) Lonchophylla thomasf51
10b Fur unicolour; wing converges towords leg above ankle but attaches (chestnut long-tongued bat)
near base of toe; FA 32-37 Uonycteiis spwrellfi1
Key* to the species o f Carolliinae (family Phyllostomidae)
la Short tail present; fur tri-banded; size relatively larger (Carollia; short-tailed fruit
bats) 2a
lb Tail absent; fur unicolour greyish brown; size relatively smaller (Rhinophylla\ little fruit
bats) 4a
2a FA 35-39; tibia 14-17; WT 8-16; restricted to southwestern Vene C. castanea
zuela; chestnut brown fur with indistinct banding pattern
2b Medium to dark brown with more distinctive banding pattern on dor 3a
sal fur. More widely distributed in the Guianan subregion
3a FA 36-39; tibia 16-17; WT 9-17; less common; dorsum blackish C. hrevicaudaG1
brown with distinct dark bases and tips with pale middle band
3b FA 39-45; tibia 17-21; WT 9-21; very common; dorsum dark brown C. perspicillataGi
with dark bases and tips with pale middle band
4a FA 31—39; WT 6-15; dorsal fur medium grey-brown; fur on legs R. pumilio®
relatively short; widely distributed is the Guianan subregion
4b FA 29-34; WT 5-11; dorsal fur pale grey-brown; fur on legs rela R. fischerae
tively long; restricted to southwestern Venezuela
Key to the species o f Stenodermatinae (Family Phyllostomidae)

1a Interfemoral membrane absent; legs hairy; shoulders stained yellow- (Stumira; yellow
red, especially in males shouldered bats) 2a
lb Interfemoral membrane present; shoulders not stained 3a
2a FA 38-45; dorsum bicolor; inner upper incisors spade-like S. liliumGl
649
2b FA 44—51; dorsum tricolor; inner upper incisors rectangular S. tildae01

3a White patch on shoulder 4a
3b Shoulders without white patch 6a
4a Noseleaf well-developed 5a
4b Noseleaf not well-developed; conspicuous fold of skin from brow (visored bat) Sph-
presses forward; FA 37-42 aeronycteris
toxophyllum
5a FA 25-33; face short and broad; body size small; males noticeably (little white-shouldered
smaller than females bat) Ametrida centuricf^
5b FA 36-41; double lip from base of noseleaf to comer of mouth (double-lipped bat)
Pygoderma hilahiatwn
6a inner upper incisors bifid, not much longer than outer incisors la
6b Inner upper incisors not bifid, longer than outer incisors 17a
7a Dorsal stripe present; inner upper incisors less than twice the size of (Uroderma; tent-making
outer incisors; base of noseleaf bilobed bats) 8a
7b No dorsal stripe; inner upper incisors more than twice the size of (Artibeus; fruit-eating bats)
outer incisors 9a
8a Facial stripes distinct; white outer edging on ears; FA 39-47; com U. bilobatunf51
mon
8b Facial stripes indistinct; white outer edging on ears absent; FA 41-45 U. magnirostrurrP
rare
9a FA < 53 10a
9b FA > 53 14a
10a Facial stripes very faint, almost absent; FA 43-52 A. concolor®
10b Facial stripes present; FA < 43 11a
11a Fur very dark brown or blackish and velvety short; facial stripes A. Enchisthenes) hartii
buffy and distinct; base of noseleaf continuous with lip; FA 38-42
lib Fur medium brown; facial stripes white 12a
12a FA 34—39; third lower molar present; ears and base of noseleaf with A. gnornwf^
yellow or less often white edging
12b No third lower moloar; edging on ears and base of noseleaf usually 13a
pale or white
13a FA 36-42; dark face and waist; facial stripes and edging on ears sub A. giaucusGl
dued
13b FA 38-43; pale face and wrist; facial stripes and edging on ears dis A. cinereus^
tinct
14a Fur long and dark brown to blackish; facial stripes feint; FA 56-63 A ohscw vs^
14b Fur shorter and greyish brown; facial stripes obvious 15a
15a Facial stripes bright white; venter flat brown (not frosted); upper sur A. Hturatwf'31
face of tail membrane well haired; FA 65—74
15b Facial stripes present but dull white; ventral hairs conspicuously 16a
frosted; tail membrane nearly naked
16a Bottom of noseleaf with free flap of skin; wing tips white; FA 62-71 A. planimstris®
16b Bottom of noseleaf continuous with lip; wing unicolour, not white A amplwP
tipped; FA 65-73
17a Fur pale at base; tail membrane with noticeably hairy fringe 18a
17b Fur dark at base; tail membrane without noticeably hairy fringe 22a
18a FA 46-58; two pairs of upper molars; bright, broad white stripes on (Great stripe-faced bat)
face and down middle of back from between the ears to the rump; Vampyrodescaracciolf^
dorsal fur medium brown; edging on ears and noseleaf yellowish
650
18b Three pairs of upper molars; edging on ears and noseleaf whitish (Platyrrhinns; white-lined
fruit bats) 19a
19a FA 50-55; pelage darkbrown; facial and dorsal stripes distinct P aurariusG
19b FA < 5 0 20a
20a FA 43-49; dorsum medium brown; venter paler P. lineatus
20b FA < 43 21a
2 la FA 35-40; facial lines distinct; lower pm2 without anterior accessory P hellenGl
cusp
21b FA 36-42; facial lines less distinct; lower pm2 with anterior acces P hrachycephalusG
sory cusp
22a Tail membrane furred dorsally; inner upper incisor long and unicus (Chirodenna; big-eyed
pid; eyes relatively large; 4 lower incisors bats) 23a
22b Tail membrane not furred; inner upper incisors not as long or point 24a
ed; eyes relatively small; 2 or 4 lower incisors
23a FA 44-50; indistinct facial stripes; no dorsal stripe C. villoswrf^
23b FA 38-43; facial stripes distinct; pale stripe on lower back C. trinitatwn®
24a Facial stripes present; fur darker brown (Vampyt'essa\ yellow-eared
bats) 25a
24b Facial stripes very faint; FA 29-33; wrist and noseleaf bright yellow; (Macconneil’s
fur very pale buff, sometimes appearing to be a dirty white bat; Mesophylla
macconnellf^
25a Two lower incisors; FA 34-38; dorsal stripe from lower back to head V bidensGl
25b Four lower incisors 26a
26a FA 37.5; small third lower molar; tricoloured dull brown fur with V. melissa
greyish base, whitish middle band, and brown tips; facial stripes
inconspicuous; no back stripe; hairy tail membrane
26b FA < 37; only two lower molars 27
27a Dorsal line faint; FA 32-36; 1st lower premolar with low crown, V. hmckiGl
blade-like
27b Dorsal line absent; FA < 34; 1st lower premolar with high pointed V pnsillaG1
simple cusp
Key to the species o f Desmodontinae (family Phyllostomidae)
la Wings with white tips; 1 long thickened pad under thumb; calcar (white-winged vampire
absent bat) Diaemus youngfi^
lb Wings with dark tips; 2 thickened pads under thumb; tiny calcar (common vampire bat)
present Desmodus rotundusG1
Key to species o f Emhallonuridae (sheath-tailed hats)
la Fur white or whitish brown; glandular sac in tail membrane (Diclidurits; ghost bats) 2a
lb Fur not white; no glandular sacs in tail membrane 5a
2a Fur dirty white with brownish tinge; wings pale brown; FA 60-66; D. isahellus
thumb well developed
2b Fur white; wings white or pale pink; thumb small 3a
3a FA > 69; lower lip with thickened pad split by a groove; dorsal fur D. ingensG^
unicolour, pure white
3b FA < 69; lower lip with a thickened pad that is indented but not split; 4a
dorsal fur bicolour, dark at base, white at tips
4a FA 60-68; ventral fur bicolour; prominent space between upper pre- D. alhusG^
molars
4b FA 50-57; ventral fur unicolour, pure white; no space between upper D. scutatusG
premolars
5a Glandular wing sacs absent 6a
651
5b Glandular wing sacs present 8a

6a Ears short and rounded; fur long and dark grey; FA 45-47; small (smoky bat) Cyttarops
thumb alectiP
6b Combination not as above la
7a Rostrum elongated; forearm with small tufts of white hair; fur griz (river bat) Rhynchonycteris
zled grey-brown with two faint, pale wavy stripes on back; FA 35- nasoG1
41
7b Rostrum not elongated; fur yellowish brown and shaggy; parallel (shaggy bat) Centronycter-
rows of dots on tail membrane; wings attach to base of toes; FA is maximilianf^
41-49
8a Glandular sac near edge of wing and aligned with crease of elbow; 9a
no lines on back
8b Wing sac parallel to forearm and close to elbow; two wavy white (Saccopteiyx; two-lined
lines on back (feint or absent in one species) sac-winged bats) 13a
9a Fur rich chestnut or dark brown; glandular sacs present but not prom (chestnut sac-winged bat)
inent, appearing to stop just before anterior edge of wing; posterior Cormura brevirostris01
wing attaches near base of toe; FA 41-50
9b Medium brown; glandular sacs prominent, reach anterior edge of (Peropteryx; dog-like
wing; posterior wing membrane attaches above ankle sac-winged bats) 10a
10a Wings, including digits, white; ears connected by band; FA 41-45; P. leucoptera®
pale brown
10b Wings not white; ears not connected 11a
11a FA 45-53; chin naked; venter dark brown P. kapplerP
11b Chin furred; venter pale brown; FA 38-481 12a
12a Anterior upper premolars with anterior and posterior cusps; FA > 40 P macrotisGI
12b Anterior upper premolars peg-like with no cusps; FA < 40 P trinitatis
13a FA 41-51; dorsum dark blackish-brown with contrasting white S. bilineatd01
stripes; WT 7-12
13b FA < 43; dorsum brownish with less prominent stripes; WT 3-7 14a
14a Dorsal fur grizzled, brownish hairs bicoloured with bases of hairs S. canescens^
darker than tips; chin furred; FA 37-40
14b Dorsal fur brownish and unicolour; chin naked 15a
15a Dorsal fur dark brown with very faint pale lines; ventral fur unicol S. gymnura^
our; FA 33-36
15b Dorsal fur medium brown with distinct pale lines on back; ventral S. lepturcP
fur bicolour; FA 36-42
Key to the species of Noctilionidae (bulldog bats)
la FA 60-65; WT 20-40; hindfeet and claws moderately developed N. albiventris
lb FA 77-88; WT 44-90; hindfeet and claws greatly enlarged N. leporinus
Key to the species o f Mormoopidae (leaf-chinned or moustached bats)
1a Chin with fleshy folds protruding forward; ears rounded and sur (leaf-chinned bat)
round the eyes; FA 51-59; WT12-20 Monmops megalophylla
lb Lips with fleshy plates protruding forward; stiff hairs above upper (Pteronotus; moustached
lip; ears pointed but not surrounding the eyes bats) 2a
2a Wmgs meet on midline of dorsum giving the appearance of a naked 3a
back
2b Wings meet on side of body; dorsum furred 4a
3a Size smaller; FA 41-49; WT 6-11 P davyn
3b Size larger; FA 49-56; WT 12-16 P. gymnanoms^
4a Size larger; FA 55-66; WT 11-28 P pamelliP1
4b Size smaller; FA 40-47; WT 6-9 P personatusGl
652
Key to the species o f Thyropteridae (disc-winged bats)

la Venter distinctly white or cream, contrasting with brown back; two Thyroptera tricolor®
bumps on calcar; FA 35-38
lb Venter only slightly paler or same colour as dorsum; 1 bump on cal T. discifertP
car; FA 32-36
Ke\> to the species o f Vespertilioniclae (evening bats)
la Ears large (28-32); FA 45-47; restricted to high elevations in ex (big-eared bats) Histiotus
treme southern Venezuela humboldti
lb Ears small (<27) 2a
2a Tail membrane densely furred; ears short and rounded (Lasiurus; hoary bats) 2a
2b Not as above 7a
3a Reddish colour 4a
3b Yellowish brown colour 6a
4a FA 50; dorsum red with bully median band; venter red; wings blade L. egtegius
4b FA < 50
5a FA 36-42; red wings and face; venter brown or greyish buff L. hlossevillifi1
5b FA 45-47; black wings and face; venter black and white L. atratus01
6a Yellowish brown colour without frosting; FA 43-51 L. egaG
6b Pale yellow with variegation or frosting on trips; FA 50-57 L. cinereus
7a Fur yellow, frosted with brown and with pale bases; two upper inci (Rhogeessa*; little yellow
sors bats) 8a
7b Fur dark at base; four upper incisors; dorsal fur brownish 9a
8a Body size slightly smaller; FA < 30 R. io°
8b Body size slightly larger; FA > 30 K hussoni
9a Fur with pale tips, dark base; no gap after upper canine; tragus slight (Eptesicus*; big brown
ly curved and gradually tapers at the tip bats) 10a
9b Fur usually uniformly dark (except for M. albescens); gap after upper (Myotis*; little brown bats)
canine; tragus straight and sharply pointed 13a
10a Dorsal hair on the back relatively short (<7 mm) 11a
10b Dorsal hair on the back relatively long (>7 mm) 12a
11a FA 39-42; dorsal fur ranging from orangish to dark brown; venter E.furinalisG
yelloVrish
1lb FA 41-46; dorsal fur medium brown; venter brownish E. brasiliensis®
12a FA 37-44; dorsal fur dark brown with slightly paler hairs on lower E. andinus
back
12b FA 43-49; dorsal fur dark brown or blackish E. chiriqtiinusG
13a Dorsal hairs blackish and conspicuously frosted with white; tragus M. albescensGT
slightly tapered; FA 34-37; venter frosted whitish
14a Fur on uropatagium usually extends to foot; fur weakly bicoloured; M. keaysi
usually orangish brown; found over 1000 m; FA 40-43
15a Relatively large; FA 37-43; dorsal fur long (5-6 mm) M oxyotus
15b Size relatively small; dorsal fur short (<5 mm) 16a
16a FA 34-40; dorsal fur variable, greyish to reddish to blackish brown; M. riparius®
second upper premoiar reduced; less than 1/4 the height of first
upper molar
16b Dorsal fur blackish; FA 32—35; second upper premolar greater than M. nigricans
1/4 the height of first upper molar
653
Key to the species ofMolossidae (free-tailed bats)

la Upper lip with deep vertical wrinkles; ears joined at midline (Nyctinomops; broad-eared
free-tailed bats) 2a
lb Upper lip smooth 3a
2a Size large; FA 58-64; Ear 25—32; longer fur, bicoloured with whitish N. macmtis^
base
2b Size relatively small; FA 40-47; Ear 19-21 N. laticaudatwP
3a Midline of muzzle between eyes and nose raised in a ridge 4a
3b Midline of muzzle flat, not raised in a ridge 13a
4a Long hairs form crest between ears; four lower incisors; throat dark (Promops; crested mastiffbats)
er than brown belly; domed palate; no long hairs on rump; lower 5a
posterior edge of ear thin and narrow
4b Hairs between ears same length as on neck (not forming crbst); (Molossmf ; common mastiff
two lower incisors; throat paler than belly; palate not noticeably bats) 6a
domed; long hairs on rump; lower posterior edge of ear flattened
laterally
5a Size relatively small; FA 46-50; dorsum cinnamon brown P. nasutusG
5b Size relatively large; FA 51-57; dorsum reddish to blackish brown P centralvP
6a Dorsal fur unicolour 7a
6b Dorsal fur not unicolour 8a
7a FA 47-54; face and membranes black; common and widespread M. aterGl
7b FA 41-49; face and membranes not black, slightly paler; restricted M. pretiosusG
to savannahs
8a Dorsal fur between shoulders short <3.5; indistinctly bicoloured 9a
8b Dorsal fur between shoulders long >3.5; bicoloured 11a
9a FA 34—35; dorsal hair with distinct white bases M. hamesi
9b FA > 35; dorsal hair with indistinct paler bases 10a
10a FA 35-36 M. coibensvP
10b FA 36-38 M. aztecus
11a Size relatively large; FA 46-50 M. sinaloaeG
lib Size relatively small; FA < 46 12a
12a FA 35-36 M. spG
12b FA 37-43 M. molossus^
13a Ears long, joined on brow, reach nose when flattened; upper lip squa (Eumops; bormetted bats) 14a
rish in outline when viewed ventrally
13b Ears not joined, not reaching nose when flattened; upper lip triangu 19a
lar in outline
14a FA < 55 15a
14b FA > 55 17a
15a FA 51-53; band of white hair on ventral surface of wing alongside E. maurusG
the body
15b FA < 50; no band of whi te hair on ventral surface of wing 16a
16a Bases of ventral hairs not pure white; antitragus narrows at base; FA E. hansaeGl
37-41; lower incisors evenly spaced and crowded
16b Ventral hairs usually white at base; antitragus broad at base: FA 37- E. bonanensisG
49
17a Ear > 35; tragus large, broad, and square; FA 74-83 E. tn an bullP
17b Ear < 35; tragus small, pointed, or square 18a
18a Tragus small and pointed; dorsum dark; 62-66 E. auripendulus01
18b Tragus small broad and square; dorsal fur bicoloured with white bas E. glancinusG
al band; FA 57-63
654
19a Forearm covered with tiny bumps on the skin; head flattened; size (flat-headed bats)
tiny; FA 27-31; dorsal fur bicoloured with pale bases of hairs Neoplatymops
showing throught the brown tips mattoginssensL'P
19b Not as above 20a
20a Snout pointed; ears pointed; hair on head continues onto face (Molossops; dog-faced
bats) 21a
20b Snout rounded; ears rounded; hair on head head stops between ears {Cynomops dog-like bats) 22a
21a FA 36-39; WT 9-16; dark belly M. neglectusa
21b FA 30-32; WT 4-9; venter frosted or paler than dorsum M. temininckif*
22a FA > 40; dorsum blackish brown C. abrasus*31
22b FA < 4 0 23a
23a Venter pale; dorsum medium brown; whitish throat and midventral C. planirostrvP
region; FA 29-35
23b Venter dark 24a
24a FA 30-36; dorsum dark brown; last upper molar relatively large C. paranus01
with extra posterior cusp; four lower incisors
24b Dorsum reddish brown; FA 33—38 last upper molar reduced to V C. greenhallf^
shape; two lower incisors
° Indicates a species that is known to occur in Guyana and 1 indicates a species that is known to occur
in Iwokrama Forest. * Indicates some genera (Eptesicus, Myotis, Rhogeessa, Molossus) with species that
are difficult to identify in the field; a combination of cranial, dental, and chromosomal features often are
required for positive identification.
References
Ascorra CF, Wilson DE and Handley CO Jr (1991) Geographic distribution of Molossops neglectus Wil
liams and Genoways (Chiroptera: Molossidae). Journal of Mammalogy 72: 828-830
Ascorra CF, Gorchov DL and Cornejo F (1993) The bats of Jenaro Herrera, Loreto, Peru. Mammalia 57:
533-552
Barques RM, Giannini NP and Mares MA (1993) Guide to the bats of Argentina: guia delos murcielagos
de Argentina. Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, Norman, Oklahoma
Bonaccorso FJ (1979) Foraging and reproductive ecology in a Panamanian bat community. Bulletin of the
Florida State Museum, Biological Series 24: 359-408
Brosset A and Charles-Dominique P (1990) The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and
ecological approach. Mammalia 54: 509-560
Brosset A, Charles-Dominique P, Cockle A, Cosson J-F and Masson D (1996) Bat communities and de
forestation in French Guiana. Canadian Journal of Zoology 74: 1974-1982
Chao A (1984) Nonparametric estimation of the number of classes in a population. Scandinavian Journal
of Statistics 11: 265—270
Colwell RK and Coddington JA (1994) Estimating terrestrial biodiversity through extrapolation. Philo
sophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 345: 101-118
Corbet GB and Hill JE (1991) A World List of Mammalian Species, 3rd edn. Oxford University Press,
Oxford
Davis WB (1966) Review of South American bats of the genus Eptesicus. Southwestern Naturalist 11:
245-274
Davis WB (1976) Notes on the bats Saccopteryx canescens (Thomas) and Micronycteris hirsuta (Peters).
Journal of Mammalogy 57: 604-607
Dobson GE (1878) Notes cm recent additions to the collection of Chiroptera in the Museum d’Histoire
Naturdle at Paris, with descriptions of new and rare species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of
London 1878: 87S-880
CHAVE DE ID E N T IFIC A Ç Ã O PARA M O R C EG O S BRA SILEIRO S
Baseada em chave de identificação para morcegos da Amazônia, elaborada por Charles Handley em
Janeiro 1996
Traduzida e adaptada por Enrico Bemard - Março 2010
Chave para as Famílias
IA - Cauda presente, livre, grossa e longa (“cauda de rato”), estendendo-se por cerca de mais da
metade de seu comprimento além da borda posterior da membrana inter-femural (MI); MI bem
desenvolvida-------------------------------------- M OLOSSIDAE
1B - Cauda ausente, ou, se presente, envolvida pela MI, e estendendo-se até a borda da MI, ou caso se
estenda além da MI, não mais do que metade de seu comprimento----------------------------------------------- 2
2A - Focinho com folha nasal proeminente, sendo que sua porção vertical tem formato de lança
(exceto D esm odontinae)------------------------------------------------------------------------ PH YLLO STOM ID AE
2B - Focinho sem folha nasal verdadeira; se existirem apêndices faciais, estes nunca são em formato de
lança---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
3A - Cauda presente, parcial mente envolvida pela MI; parte da cauda emerge do centro da superfície
dorsal da M I ------------------------- 4
3B - Cauda, se presente, inteiramente envolvida pela MI, ou deixando a MI pela sua margem posterior-
4A - Terceiro dígito com metacarpo e 2 falanges------- -------------------------------------------------------------- 5

4B - Terceiro dígito com metacarpo. e 3 falanges; queixo apresenta placas dermais achatadas e
possivelmente outros ornam entos-------------------------------------------------------------— M O RM OO PIDA E
5A - Lábios superiores apresentam uma fenda profunda (“lábio leporino”); focinho truncado; as asas
conectam-se ao corpo numa porção mais alta do flanco; machos geralmente apresentam odor forte e
característico —.........................................------------------------------- ---------------- ^ ------- NO CTILION ID AE
5B - Lábios superiores norma*s, sem fendas; as asas conectam-se numa porção mediana do flanco——
...................................................................... ....................................................................EM BALLONURIDAE
6A- Terceiro dígito com metacarpo e 3 falanges--------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
6 B - Terceiro dígito com metacarpo e 2 falanges---------------------------------------------------------------------9
7A - Disco adesivo circular proeminente nos punhos e calcanhares-------------------THYRO PTERID AE
7B - Sem disco adesivo circular nos punhos e calcanhares-------------------------------------------------------- 8
8A - Sem cauda externa; MI pouco desenvolvida, estreita e curta, estendendo-se somente até cerca da
metade da tíbia--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DESM ODONTINAE
8 B - Cauda presente, alcançando ou passando pouco além da MI; MI larga, se esticada, estendendo-se
além dos p é s ------------ V ESPERTILIO N ID A E
9A Polegar muito reduzido, envolvo pela membrana anti-braquial; cauda envolta na base de uma MI
muito desenvolvida--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------FU RIPTERID AE
9B Polegar normal; cauda estendendo-se até a porção distai de uma MI muito desenvolvida-----------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ N ATALIDAE
-
CHAVE PARA SUB-FAMÍLIAS DE PHYLLOSTOMIDAE
IA -T ocinho ornamentado, mas sem folha nasal verdadeira.................................. DESMODONTlNAE st Í n a

1B - Folha nasal presente, com uma porção vertical em formato de lança..................................................2
2A - Língua extensível, em formato tubular, mais longa do que a cabeça; lábios inferiores apresentam
na porção medial uma incisão aprofundada..................................................................................................... 3
2B - Língua normal, achatada dorsalmente, curta, não extensível; lábios inferiores contínuos, sem
incisão m edial........................................................................................................................................................ 4
3A - Incisivos superiores mediais são protodo^es (“puxados para fora”), relativamente grandes e
longos; a língua apresenta um sulco profundo lateralmente................................. LONCHOPHYLLINAE
3B - Incisivos superiores mediais ortodontes (“normais”), geralmente muito pequenos, podendo haver
um espaçamento entre o par central; língua sem sulco lateral profundo, com papilas “peludinhas” na
extremidade (“formato de pincel”).............................................................................GLOSSOPHAGINAE
4A - MI reduzida a uma faixa estreita e com pêlos abundantes; cauda ausente; calcar rudimentar.........
........................................................................................................................................................ STURNIRINAE
4B - MI com pelo menos 1 cm de largura, geralmente larga; calcar distinto.............................................. 5
5A - Cauda ausente................................................................................................................................................ 6
5B - Cauda presente e aparente (exceto para Vampyrum spectrum, AB maior que 95 m m ).....................
..................................................................................................................................................................................... P HYLLO
.
6A - Queixo ornamentado com uma verruga central circundada aos lados por verrugas em formato de
crescente.................................................................................................C A RO LLIN A E (gênero Rhinophylla)
6B - Queixo ornamentado, mas não como descrito em 6A............................... STEKNODERMATINAE
7A - Calcar menor do que o pé; queixo ornamentado com uma verruga central circundada aos lados
por verrugas ovaladas menores e espaçadas...........................................CA RO LLIN A E (gênero Carollia)
7B - Calcar de mesmo comprimento ou maior que o pé (se menor, o queixo apresenta ornamentos
diferentes de 7A).............. PHYLLOSTOMINAE
CHA VE DE ID E N T IFIC A Ç Ã O DE ESPÉC IES DA SUB-FAM ÍLIA CAROLLINAE
IA - Pêlo tricolor; queixo ornamentado com uma verruga central circundada por um anel de verrugas
ovaladas menores e espaçadas; asas inseridas à partir do tornozelo; cauda curta...................................... 2
1B - Pêlo bicolor; dorso de cor “apagada”, cinza-amaronz&do; queixo ornamentado com uma verruga
central circundada por duas verrugas em forma de crescente; asas inseridas a partir do meta-tarso; sem
cauda........................................................................................................................................................................4
2A - Pêlo castanho escuro amarronzado, com as cores ao longo do pêlo não tão evidentes; as cúspides
do 4o pré-molar inferior (= 2o dente após o canino) são niveladas em vista dorsal, mais baixas que o Io
molar; AB 34-42.........................................................................................................................Carollia castanea
2B - Pêlo marrom-avermelhado brilhante, com as cores ao longo do pôlo bem evidentes; em vista
lateral as cúspides do 4o premolar inferior são tão altas quanto as cúspides do Io pré-molar inferior e do
M l .............................................................................................................................................................. ..............3
3A - M enor (AB 36-40, joelho-ponta das garras 25-28); pêlo mais longo e macio; AB geralmente
“peludinho”; tíbia geralmente “peludinha”; arcada superior diverge na altura do premolar; mandíbula
tende a ser no formato de U ................................................................................................ Carollia brevicauda
3B - Maior (AB 38-44, joelho-ponta das garras 28-30); pêlo mais curto e menos macio; antc-braço e
tíbia com pêlos esparsos ou sem pêlos; arcada superior não diverge na altura do premolar; mandíbula
tende a ser no fermato de V ............................................................................................. Carollia perspicillata
4A - Menor (AB 30-33); AB, MI e tíbia “peludinhos”; FA 33-37............................Rhinophylla fischerae
4B - Maior (AB 33-37); AB, MI e tíbia com poucos pêlos ou sem p ê lo s ................................. R. pumilio
CHAVE DE ID E N T IFIC A Ç Ã O DE E SPÉ C IE S DA SU B-FAM ÍLIA G LOSSQPHA GINAE
IA - MI estreita, com poucos mm de largura, com pêlos mais densos; dentes incisivos superiores muito
pequenos e geralmente espaçados; sem incisivos inferiores............................................................................2
1B - MI larga, em formato de U invertido, sem pêlos......................................................................................3
2A - Tamanho menor (FA 35-39); cauda muito reduzida, quase imperceptível............ Anoura caudifera
2B - Tamanho maior (FA 39-45); sem cauda........................................................................ Anoura geoffroyi
3A - Asas inseridas no meta-tarso; calcar mais longo que o comprimento dos pés; pêlo dorsal marrom
claro, fios tricolores; incisivos superiores são bem pequenos, próximos dos caninos, sem incisivos
inferiores; FA 32-34...........................................................................................................Lichonycteris degener
3B - Asas inseridas à partir do tornozelo; calcar igual ou menor que o comprimento do pé.................... 4
4A - Incisivos superiores e inferiores visíveis, preenchendo o espaço entre os caninos; FA 33-38
................................................................................................................................................Glossophaga soricina
4B - Incisivos superiores pequenos, posicionados próximos aos caninos, sem incisivos inferiores....... ó
5A - Rostro longo (tão longo quanto a caixa craniana) e afinado; pêlo dorsal de comprimento médio,
escuro com pontas esbranquiçadas; asas. inseridas à partir do meta-tarso; FA 33-38
...................................................................................................................................................Choeroniscus minor
5B - Rostro curto e afinado; pêlo dorsal longo, com cerca de 8 mm; o dorso, queixo e garganta de cor
marFom-escura, com pontas esbranquiçadas; FA 33-35..................................................... Scleronycteris ega
CHAVE DE ID E N T IFIC A Ç Ã O DE ESPE C IE S DA SUB-FAM ILIA LONCHOPHYLLINAE
IA - Pelagem do dorso curta e monocolor, marrom-avermelhada ou marrom-escura; rostro curto; FA

33-38 ............................................................................. ........................................................... Lionycieris spurelli
1B - Pelagem do dorso de comprimento médio, bicolor; rostro alongado (tão longo quanto a caixa
craniana)................................................................................................................................................................... 2
2A Dorso marrom alaranjado claro; ventre mais claro, esbranquiçado; FA 33-37
.............................................................................................................................................. Lonchophylla mordax
2B - Pelagem do dorso de cor marrom <>$ndo marrom-escura na região da cabeça; partes ventrais
marrom; FA 30-33.4.V:'..vr.i..................... . . . _ . ................................................................Lonchophylla thomasi
OBS.: Ausentes da chave: Lonchophylla bokerm anni, Lonchophylla dekeyseri e Xeronycteris
vieirai. 'A ^
CHAVE DE IDENTIFICAÇÃO PARA ESPÉCIES DA SUB-FAMÍLIA DESMODONTINAE
IA - As pontas das asas são brancas; os polegares não são notavelmente desenvolvidos........................
........................................................................................................................................................ Diaemus youngi
1B - Ponta da asa de mesma cor que o restante...............................................................................................2
2A - Polegar bastante alongado; orelhas de tamanho médio, arredondadas; calcar aparentemente
ausente, porém a MI tem cerca de 2 cm de largura medial; a borda da membrana tem pêlos espaçados;
as partes ventrais são esbranquiçadas; FA 55-62............................................................. Desmodus rotundus
2B - Polegar reduzido; orelhas curtas e achatadas; calcar proeminente, MI não desenvolvida, com pêlos
mais adensados na porção central; partes ventrais cinza-amarronzado; FA 4 9 -5 4 ......................................
...................................................................................................................................................... Diphylla ecaudata '
CHAVE DE ID E N T IFIC A Ç Ã O PARA E SPÉ C IE S DA SU B-FAM ÍLIA STURNIRINAE
IA - Tamanho maior (FA 60-70).............................................................................................. Sturnira magna

1B - Tamanho menor (FA menor que 50)......................................... Z............................................................. 2
2A - Incisivos superiores centrais ponteagudos; pêlos dorsais tricolores opacos; FA 35-45...................
...........................................................................................................................................................Sturnira lilium
1B - Incisivos superiores centrais abaulados; pêlos dorsais tricolores brilhantes; FA 45-50....................
........................................................................................................................................... ,................Sturnira tildae
CHAVE DE ID E N T IFIC A Ç Ã O PARA E SPÉ C IE S DA SU B-FAM ÍLIA STENODERM ATINAE
IA - Face com listras evidentes ou parcial mente evidentes........................................................................... 2

1B - Face sem listra s........................................................................................................................................... 17
2A - Dorso listrado................................................................................................................................................. 3
2B - Dorso sem listra s.......................................................................................................................................... 9
3A - MI mais estreita do que o comprimento do calcar; MI tem formato de V e sua margem tem pêlos
densos; a listra dorsal vai até a coroa...................................................................................................................4
3B - MI mais larga do que o comprimento do calcar; MI tem fo rm a ^ d e U e sua margem é nua ou com
pêlos espaçados; a listra dorsal vai até os ombros ou nuca.............................................................................. 5
4A - Tamanho menor (FA 35-42); pelagem do dorso é marrom-alaranjado;
.............. a m argem an te rio r do 2° pré-m olar inferior com um a cúspide................Platyrrhinus helleri
.............. a m argem a n te rio r do 2o pré-m olar inferior coin duas cúspides...............P. brachycephalus
4B - Tamanho médio (55-58); pelagem m arrom -alaranjadlf'
...................................................incisivos inferiores bilobados...................................... Platyrrhinus lineatus
...................................................incisivos inferiores trilobados......................................................P. recifmus
4C - Tamanho maior (58-65); pelagem escura; asas com pontas brancas................Platyrrhinus infuscus
5A - Olhos distintamente grandes; pêlos dorsais distintamente tricolores....................................................6
5B - Olhos menores; pêlos dorsais bicolores ou tricolores indistintos...................................... 7
6A - Listra dorsal bem evidente; tamanho menor (FA 36-41)................................ Chiroderma trinitatum
6B - Tamanho maior................................................................................................................................................
............ listras dorsal e facial apagadas (usualmente ausentes); FA 41-49................ Chiroderma villosum
........... listra dorsal evidente; FA 49-56).............................................................................. Chiroderma doriae
7A - Listra dorsal até a nuca; incisivos superiores centrais são claramente bilobados.............................. 8
7B - Listra dorsal até os ombros ou pescoço; incisivos superiores centrais geralmente inteiros, mas
podem ter cúspides acessórias na porção externa; somente 2 incisivos inferiores; as listras faciais são
bem evidentes; face afinada; FA 3 3 -4 0 ..............................................................................Vampyressa bidens
8A - Listras faciais e dorsal bem evidentes; MI e pernas nuas ou com pêlos espaçados; FA 41-45..........
................................................................................................................................................ Uroderma bilobatum
8B - Listras faciais e dorsal geralmente apagadas ou ausentes; face é larga; MI e pernas com pêlos; FA
43-45...............................................................................................................................Uroderma magnirostrum
9A - Olhos proporcionalmente grandes; incisivos superiores centrais pontiagudos; pêlos dorsais
claramente tricolores ou quadricolores; listras faciais e dorsal apagadas ou ausentes; FA 41-49
............................................................................................................................................... Chiroderma villosum
9B - Olhos pequenos.......................................................................................................................................... 10
10A - Incisivos superiores centrais estreitos e truncados; face larga; listras faciais e dorsal apagadas ou
ausentes; pelagem dorsal levemente tricolor; FA 43-44.........................................Uroderma magnirostrum
10B - Incisivos superiores centrais largos, com as pontas arredondadas; o dorso nunca é listrado; listras
faciais variam de evidentes a ausentes; pêlo dorsal bicolor.......................................................................... 12
1 IA - Tamanho menor (FA 27-33); cor do dorso varia de marrom claro a m arrom ..............................
............................................................................................................................ Vampyressa pusilla ou V. Brocki
11B - Tamanho maior (FA 36-42); pelagem dorsal cor de chocolate amargo; MI estreita e
enrrugada...........................................................................................................................................Artibeus hartii
12A - Tamanho maior (FA maior que 45 mm)..............................................................................................13
12B - Tamanho menor (FA menor que 45 m m)............................................................................................ 15
13A - Tamanho menor (FA 50-66); pêlo longo; dorso de coloração escura (quase negra); listras faciais
apaga las; M l sem pêlos...........................................................................................................Artibeus obscurus
13B - Tam afho maior (FÂ 62-78); pêlo curto; coloração do dorso marrom; listras faciais distintas.... 14
].4 \ _ Mi e pernas com pelagem densa; dorso marrom-chocolate; as asas podem ^ re se n ta r pontas
s s. »i.stías faciais bastante evidentes; FA 67-78,.....,!.................................................JArti^si^lituratus
;I> ívL e pernas nuas ou com poucos pêlos; pelagem do dorso varia de acinzentada à marflfefescura;
istras faciais presentes, mas nem sempre bem definidas.................................................................... '..!......15
15A - A borda inferior da ferradura da folha nasal é contígua ao lábio superior; MI e pWnas levemente
peludas; asas não tem as pontas bráncas (geralmente marrons); FA 65-73........................ Artibeus amplus
15B - A borda inferior da ferradura da folha nasal é livre em relação ao lábio superior; MI e pernas
nuas; as pontas das asas geralmente são brancas; FA 62-70.........................................Artibeusplanirostris
15C - A borda inferior da ferradura da folha nasal tende a ser contígua, porém há uma pequena borda
(intermediário entre 15A e 15B); MI e pernas mais “peludinhaá”; pêlos ventrais geralmente marrom a
marrom-escuro e “grisalhos” ; FÃ>65??.............................................................................Artibeus fimbriatus
16A - Tamanho menor (FA 34-38); as orelhas, suas bordas e o trago são amarelo brilhante; listras
faciais bem definidas e claras..................................................................................................... Artibeus gnomus
I 6B - Tamanho maior (FA 37-41); as orelhas, suas bordas e o trago são de cor creme; listras faciais
não tão bem definidas..............................................................................................................................................
............................... MI com mais pêlos; trago de cor mais escura................ Artibeus anderseni (FA 35-39)
..............................MI quase sem pêlos; trago de cor creme..............................Artibeus cinereus (FA 37-40)
17A - Presença de manchas brancas na pelagem dos ombros..................................................................... 18
17B - Sem manchas brancas na pelagem dos ombros.................................................................................. 19
18A - Tamanho menor (FA 25-32); face com folha nasal tradicional; face achatada, com rostro bem
curto............................................................................................................................................Ametrida centurio
18B - Tamanho maior (FA 37-41); face extremamente estranha, com apêndices em forma de almofada
pressionando a folha nasal; face sem pêlos...................................................... Sphaeronycteris toxophyllum*
*
19A - Tamanho menor (FA 27-33); calcar em formato de foice; orelhas, folha nasal, lábios e dedos de
cor amarelo brilhante..................................................................................................... Mesophylla macconnelli
19B Tamanho maior (FA maior que 40 mm); calcar reto; orelhas, folha nasal, lábios e dedos de cor
amarronzada, creme escuro ou fosco.................................................................................................................20
20A - Olhos grandes; incisivos superiores centrais ponteagudos; a folha nasal é achatada lateralmente;
pêlo dorsal tricolor; listras faciais e dorsal não tão evidentes; FA 41-
49...............................................................................................«,.......................................... Chiroderma villosum
20B - Olhos pequenos; incisivos superiores centrais bilobados; folha nasal é ponteaguda.................... 21
21A - Incisivos superiores centrais largos, com cúspides desiguais; MI com pêlos; FA 43-54
..................................................................................................................................................Koopmania concolor
21B - Incisivos superiores centrais estreitos, com cúspides aparentemente iguais; MI com pêlos; FA
43-44; listras faciais e dorsal geralmente presentes................................................Uroderma magnirostrum
CHAVE DE ID E N T IFIC A Ç Ã O PARA ESPÉ C IE S DA SUB-FAM ÍLIA PH YLLO STOM IN AE
IA - Ante-braço maior que 75 m m .................................................................................................................... 2

1B - Ante-braço menor que 75 m m ............................................................................................. ...................... 4
2A - A borda da asa inserida na base do meta-tarso; pêlo dorsal curto e aveludado; crrlhas pequenas
..........................................................*......................................................................... Phyllostomus hastatus
2B - Borda da asa inserida na baseUos dedos................................................................................................... 3
3 A - Pêlo longo e lanoso; cauda curta; orelhas largas, grandes e arredondadas; FA 76-88 ......................
........................................................................................................................... .......... Chrotopterus " s
3B - Pêlo curto e mais áspero; sem cauda; orelhas arredondadas, mais estreitas; FA 101-108 \
................................................................. ..................................................................... Vampyrum
4 A - Face com papilas dermais; FA 55-64........................................................................Trachopt
4 B - Face normal....................................... ..........................................................................................
5A - Folha nasal muito longa e em formato de espada; orelhas e trago muito grandes; FA 48-.
................................................................... 5....................................................................Lonchorhim.
5B - Folha nasal longa (mas não tão longa quanto em Lonchorhina)....................................................
5C - Folha nasal de proporções normais, as orelhas podem ser grandes, mas não enorm es................
6A - Pêlos dorsais escuros (de marrom a quase preto) com uma listra dorsal mais clara e evidente
(pode estar levemente apagada em alguns indivíduos); a base das orelhas é rosada; a folha nasal é
crenulada e apresenta alguns pêlos; FA 44-53 ................................................................. Mimon crenulat
6B - Dorso sem listras.......................................................................................................................................
7A - A superfície ventral da MI apresenta fileiras evidentes com pequenas verrugas; folha nasal con
base larga; FA 34-39 .........................................................................................Macrophyllum macrophylh
7B - A superfície ventral da MI sem fileiras evidentes com pequenas verrugas; FA > 54; dorso
marrom; as bordas laterais da folha nasal são lisas e sem p ê lo s......................................... Mimon benne
8A - Pêlos do dorso são tricolores (escuro/claro/escuro)..............................................................................
8B - Pêlos do dorso são bicolores ou monocolores........................................................................................
9A - Pêlo dorsal longo, macio e distintamente tricolor; orelhas curtas e largas; FA 38-42 .....................
........................................................................................................................................... Gliphonycteris sylvestr
......................................................................................................................................................................G. behm
9B - Pêlo dorsal mais curto, macio, indistintamente tricolor; presença de uma listra dorsal apagada;
orelhas estreitas, com a ponta arredondadas; FA 36-42.................................................... Trinycteris nicefo^
♦
VorVu - 4*44*
10A - Ventre laranja brilhante ou amarelado; orelhas largas, baixas e triangulares; FA 36-43
...................................................................................................................................... Lampronycteris brachyoíis
10B - Ventre arnarronzado, acinzentado ou esbranquiçado......................................................................... 11
11A - Orelhas relativamente pequenas, não transpassando o focinho quando estendidas para frente
.................................................................................................................................................................................. 12
11B Orelhas grandes, transpassando o focinho quando estendidas para frente...................................... 14
12 A -1 ;ace nua ou com poucos pêlos; as asas estão inseridas na porção mais alta do flanco;.asas pretas
com pontas brancas; presença de glândula guiar; FA 63-74......................................... Phylloderma stenops
12B - Face com pêlos; asas inseridas na porção mediana do flanco............................................................ 13
13A - Pêlo curto e aveludado, preto a castanho no dorso, esbranquiçado a grisalho no ventre; FA 57-68
............................................................................................................................................... Phyllostomus discolor
13B - Pêlo longo, bem macio, preto a marrom; asas pretas, às vezes com pontas brancas; FA 60-70
............................................................................................................................................. Phyllostomus elongatus
14A - Orelhas grandes e largas, com uma ponta acentuada; pêlo longo e bem mole; FA 54-58 .............
.............................................................................................................................................. Glyphonycteris daviesi
14B - Orelhas arredondadas....................................................................................... 15
15A - Tamanho menor; FA menor do que 50 mm......................................................................................... 16
15B - Tamanho maior; FA maior do que 50 m m .......................................................................................... 19
16A - Face com pêlos densos; asas inseridas no calcanhar; sem glândula guiar..................................... 17
16B - Face nua ou com pêlos espaçados; asas inseridas no meta-tarso...................................................... 18
17A - Orelhas separadas, sem prega de conexão; porção interauricular com pêlos; FA 33-34
.................................................................................................................................................... Neonycteris pussila
17B - Orelhas conectadas na base interior por uma prega de pele; porção interauricular sem
pêlos................................................................................................... gênero Micronycetris (veja chave própria)
18A - Tamanho menor (FA 34-38); FA sem rugosidades......................................Lophostoma brasiliense
18B - Tamanho maior (FA 42-43); FA com rugosidades..............................................Lophostoma schulzi
19A - Lobo basal anterior da orelha com pêlos; face com pêlos espaçados; FA 53-60 ..............................
..... presença de listra branca na crista (pode estar levemente apagada), entre as orelha.....Tonatia bidens
.... sem listra branca na crista, entre as orelhas...................................................................Tonatia saurophila
V9B I x>bo basal anterior da orelha sem pêlos, ou com poucos pêlos; face nua ou com poucos
p ê l o s ^ . .. .^ ...................................................................................................................................................... 20
20A A rí|í$ $ da garganta, o peito e até próximo dos genitais é branca; pêlo dorsal curto; as orelhas
podem apreserttaribordas esbranquiçadas; FA 45-48............ ................................. Lophostoma carrikeri
20B Apenas a região da garganta é branca ou esbranquiçada; pêlo dorsal longo; as orelhas tendem a
eurvarcm-sc para trás quando tocadas; FA 49-61 ..................................................... Lophostoma silvicolum
CHAVE DE IDENTIFICAÇÃO PARA ESPÉCIES DA FAMÍLIA NOCTILIONIDAE
IA - Tamanho menor (FA 64-67), calcar longo, mas os pés e garras não são enormes
..................................................................................................................................................Noctilio albiventris
1B - Tamanho maior (FA 79-87), calcar muito longo, pés e garras bastante grandes................................
...................................................................................................................................................... Noctilio leporinus
CHAVE DE ID E N T IFIC A Ç Ã O PARA E SPÉ C IE S DA FA M ÍLIA NATALIDAE
Um morcego de aparência bem delicada, com as pernas e a cauda de comprimento maior do que o
comprimento da cabeça e corpo; pêlos longos, macios, de cor clara (pode ser de mais de uma cor); o
polegar é bem desenvolvido, com garra; o 3o dígito têm o meta-carpo com 3 falanges; orelhas
arredondadas e afuniladas; as asas inserem-se à partir da tíbia.......... .......................Natalus stramineus
(Obs: é provável que seja um complexo de espécies)
CHAVE DE ID E N T IFIC A Ç Ã O PARA E SPÉ C IE S DA FA M ÍLIA FÜRIPTERID AE
Pêlo longo, macio, cinza; orelhas curtas e arredondadas, afuniladas; polegar curto, envolvido pela
membrana anti-braquial, com a garra livre; asas inseridas à partir do metatarso; trago triangular
“peduncular”; MI muito larga, estendendo-se além dos pés; FA 31-36........................ Furipterus horrens
CHAVE DE ID E N T IFIC A Ç Ã O PARA E SPÉ C IE S DA FA M ÍLIA THYRO PTERID AE

IA - Disco adesivo próximo ao punho de formato claramente oval; pêlo dorsal curto e denso; pelagem
ventral bicolor; pequenas verrugas alinhadas na M I........................................................................................2
1B - Disco adesivo próximo ao punho de formato circular; pêlo dorsal longo e menos.denso; pelagem
dorsal de apenas uma cor; não há pequenas verrugas alinhadas na M I ...................................................... 3
2A - Pelagem ventral mais clara, distintamente “grisalha”; fio do pêlo com a base escura (marrom a
quase preto) e as pontas claras (cinza a quase branco); calcar sem espora..................Thyroptera devivoi
2B - Pelagem ventral bicolor, mas não aparentemente grisalha......................................Thyroptera lavali
3A - Pêlo longo, macio, marrom claro, levemente mais claro no ventre; calcar com apenas uma espora;
FA 33-35................................................................................................................................Thyroptera discifera
BB - Pêlo longo, de quase preto a marrom-avermelhado escuro no dorso, e branco no ventre; calcar
com duas esporas; FA 34-38 ............................................................................................... Thyroptera tricolor
(Obs.: T. lavali e T. devivoi só podem ser seguramente diferenciados por caracteres craniais)
CHAVE DE ID E N T IFIC A Ç Ã O PARA E SPÉ C IE S DA FA M ÍLIA VESPERTILIONIDAE
IA - Orelhas extremamente alongadas, estendendo-se bem além do focinho quando pressionadas para
frente; pelagem de coloração clara...................................................................................... Histiotus (velatus)
1B - Orelhas de proporções normais, não ultrapassando o focinho............................................................. 2
2A - MI com pêlos densos (pelo menos na região da base da M I) .............. ..........................................3
2B - MI nua, ou com poucos pêlos espaçados; margem posterior da MI sem pêlos................................. 5
3A - Pelagem do dorso de cor mista (amarelado-amarronzado); FA 44-51 ........................... Lasiurus ega
3B - Pelagem de coloração vermelho brilhante ou avermelhada..................................................................4
3C - Pelagem do dorso p re ta ................................................................................................... L a s f '
4A - Ventre de coloração vermelha, pouco mais clara do que o dorso; FA 4 5 -5 0 .......Lasiu
4B - Ventre de cor mista, preto e branco, acinzentada ou grisalha............................................................ 5
5A - A membrana ao longo dos dedos e do ante-braço tem um contorno avermelhado, em contraste
com um fundo preto das asas; FA 35-41 ......................................................................... Lasiurus blossevillii
5B - A membrana ao longo dos dedos e do ante-braço tem um contorno avermelhado, em contraste
com um fundo preto das asas; FA > 46 m m ........................................................................Lasiurus cinereus
5C - A membrana das asas é preta, sem marcas vermelhas; FA 45-48 ............................Lasiurus atratus
6A ~ Coloração amarelo claro; FA 27-31............................................................. Rhogeessa io //R . hussoni
6B - Coloração marrom escuro ou p re ta ...........................................................................................................7
7A - Em vista lateral, na arcada superior há um espaço evidente entre os caninos e os molares (este
espaço é de fato preenchido por dois dentes muito pequenos).....................................................................8
7B - Em vista lateral, na arcada superior os caninos tocam os m olares.....................................................11
8A - Asas inseridas a partir do tornozelo; pêlo dorsal curto e monocolor; FA 36-38........... Myotis simus
8B - Asas inseridas a partir do meta-tarso; pêlo dorsal mais longo, b ico lo r...............................................9
9A - Pêlo macio, relativamente curto; FA 33-38 .................................................................... Myotis riparius
9B - Pêlo mais longo........................................................................................................................................... 10
10A - No pêlo da região dorsal, as pontas são claramente grisalhas; as partes ventrais são distintamente
mais claras que o dorso; pés maiores e largos; FA 32-36 ...................................................Myotis albescens
10B - Pêlo longo e macio, na região dorsal as pontas não são distintas; coloração preto-amarronzado,
levemente mais clara na região ventral; FA 31 -3 7 ............................................................... Myotis nigricans
11A - Tamanho maior (FA 38-44); coloração m arrom .............................................. Eptesicus brasiliensis
11B - Tamanho maior (FA 41-48); coloração tendendo ao preto..............................Eptesicus chiriquinus
11C - Tamanho médio (FA M 37-40, FA F 37 -4 2 ).........................................................Eptesicus furinalis
11D - Tamanho menor (FA 35-37) ....................................................................................Eptesicus diminutus
OBS.: Ausentes da chave: Espécies cuja identificação deve se basear em caracteres craniais Myotis
levis, M. keaysi e Myotis ruber (este tem uma coloração ferrugem, bastante evidente)
CHAVE DE ID E N T IFIC A Ç Ã O PARA E SPÉ C IE S DA FA M ÍLIA EM BALLONURIDAE
1A Pelagem de cor clara, de branco a branco-amarronzado; orelhas largas e arredondadas; a MI dos

machos pode ter um ornamento em formato de escaravelho na ponta da cauda..........Gênero Diclidurus
1B - Pelagem cinza, marrom ou preta; orelhas estreitas e ponteagudas (“formato de elfo”), MI normal
...............................................................................................................................................................2
2A - Presença de um par de listras dorsais, mais claras que o pêlo do dorso...............................................3
2B - Pelagem dorsal sem listras, de cor uniforme............................................................................................ 7
3A Antebraço apresenta pequenos tufos de pêlos; pelagem dorsal grisalha de cinza e marrom; a
membrana ante-braquial não apresenta nenhum tipo de bolsa; FA 35-41 .......... Rhynchonycteris naso
3 B - Antebraço sem pêlos; presença de uma pequena bolsa na membrana ante-braquial dos machos
(vestigial nas fêm eas)........................................................................................................................................... 4
4 A - Pelagem dorsal negra; tamanho maior (FA 43-52)............................................. Saccopteryx bilineata
4 B - Pelagem dorsal acinzentada ou marrom; FA menor que 43 mm........................ .................................. 5
5A - Pelagem dorsal grisalha (cinza-marrom); pelagem ventral esbranquiçada ou clara; tamanho médio
(FA 34-41).........................................................................................................................Saccopteryx canescens
5 B - Pelagem dorsal marrom-chocolate; pelagem ventral laranja-escura....................................................6
6A Tamanho médio (FA 36-43); listras dorsais claras evidentes............................... Saccopteryx leptura
6B - Tamanho menor (FA 34-35); listras dorsais de cor alaranjada e pouco evidentes, quase
im perceptíveis.....................................................................................................................Saccopteryx gymnura
7A - Asas inseridas à partir da base dos dedos; pêlo longo e bem macio, de cor marrom-alaranjada;
membrana ante-braquial sem bolsa; FA 49........................................................... Cenironycteris maximiliani
7B - Asas inseridas à partir da base do metatarso ou tornozelo; pelagem negra ou marrom-escura........8
8A - Pelagem tendendo a negra, longa e macia; asas inseridas na base do metatarso; membrana ante-
braquial sem bolsa; concavidade na região da testa; FA 45-47..............................................Cytarbps alecto
8B - Pelagem marrom a marrom-escura, longa; testa sem concavidade; membrana ante-braquial com
bolsas nos machos...................................................................................................................................................9
9A - Asas inseridas a partir da base do metatarso.......................................................................................... 10
9B - Asas inseridas no calcanhar; nos machos, a bolsa presente na membrana ante-braquial está
próxima da margem e mais próxima do corpo do animal; as orelhas são bem separadas em sua porção
externa........................................................................................................................................gênero Peropteryx
10A - As asas são negras; nos machos, a bolsa presente na membrana ante-braquial está próxima da
margem da membrana e mais próxima da região mediana; as orelhas são bem separadas na sua porção
interna; FA 44-49 ................................................................................................................Cormura brevirostris
10B - Asas são claras ou translúcidas; nos machos, a bolsa presente na membrana ante-braquial está
próxima da margem e próxima do corpo; as orelhas estão conectadas na sua porção interna por uma
pequena prega de pele; FA 41-47.................................................................................... Peropteryx leucoptera
CHIROFTERA 49
Fig. 9. Diagrams of interfemorai membranes, ventral view, showing the various forms to be
observed in Embalionurinae (a-g) and Noctilionidae (h). a, RhynchonycUris naso (W ied);
b, Saccopleryx bilineaia (Temminck); c, Saccopteryx canescens Thom as; d, Saccopteryx leptura
(Schreber); e, Cormura brevirostris (W agner); f, Peronymus leucopterus Uucopterus (Peters) ;
g, Centronycteris maximiliani maximiliani (Fischer); h, Noctilio labialis albiveniris Desmarest.
46 CHIROPTERA
Fig. 8. Diagram s of interfemorai membranes, ventrai view, showing the various forms to be
observed in Suriname bats, a, Molossidae: Eumuys geijskesi Husson; b, Vespertilionidae:
Lasiurus borealis frantzii (Peters); c, Emballonuridae: Peropteryx kappleri kappleri Peters;
d, Furipteridae: Furipterus horrens (F. Cuvier); e, Noctilionidae: Noclilio leporinus ieporinus
(L.); f, Chilonycterinae: Chilonycteris rubiginosa rubiginosa W agner; g, Desmodidae: Desmodus
rotundus rotundus (E. Geoffroy) ; h, Sturnirinae: Slurnira lilium lilxum (E. Geoffroy).
92 CHIROPTERA
Fig. 19. Diagrams of interfemoral membranes, ventral view, showing the various forms to be
observed in Suriname Phyllostominae. a, Micronycleris megalolis niegalotis (Gray); b, Tonatia
carrikeri (J. A . Allen); c, Mitnon bennettii (Gray); d, Anthorhina crenulata (E. Geoffroy); e,
Phyllostomus elongatus (E. Geoffroy); f, Phyllostomus hastatus hastatus (Pallas); g, Trachops
cirrhosus cirrhosus (Spix); h, Vampyruyn spectrum (L.).
94 CHIROPTERA
observed in Phyllostom inae (a-ej, Glossophaginae (f), and Carolliinae (g, h). a, Macrophyllutn
macrophyllum (Wied); b, Chrotopterus auritus guianae Thomas; c, Lonchorhina aurita Tomes;
d, Phylloderma stenops Peters; e, Phyllostomus discolor discolor (Wagner); f, Anoura caudifer
caudifer (E. G eoffroy); g, Carollia perspicillata perspicillata (L .); h, Rhinophylla pumilio Peters.
124 CHIROPTERA
observed in Suriname Glossophaginae (a-d), and Vespertilionidae (e-h). a, Glossophaga soricina
soricina (Pallas); b, Choeroniscus minor (Peters); c, Lichonycteris obscura Thomas; d, Loncho-
phylla thomasi J. A. Allen; e, Myotis albescens (E. Geoffroy); f, Myolis surinamensis Husson;
g, Epiesictis melanoplerus (Jentink); h, Dasypterus ega ega (Gervais).
i6o CHIROPTERA
Fi&- 3 2- D iagram s of interferuoral membranes, ventral view, showing the various forms to be
observed in Suriname Glossophaginae (a), Desmodidae (b), and Stenodermatinae (c-h). a,
Anoura geoffroyi geoffroyi G ra y; b, Diaemus youngii youngii (Jentink); c, Uroderma bilobalum
bilobatum Peters; d, Vampyrops helleri Peters; e, Chiroderma villosum Peters; f, Amctrida
ccnturio G ra y; g, Ariibeus lituralus fallax Peters; h, P ygoderma bilabiatum (Wagner).
CHIROPTERA 45
F a m il y EM BALLONURIDAE
The main external characters of the Suriname Emballonuridae are as follows:

(i) the third digit has two phalanges only, of which the second is much longer than
the first; (2) the slender tail is of about half the length of the wide interfemoral
membrane, perforating this membrane at about its centre and appearing on its
dorsal surface; (3) the calcar is relatively long, having more than half the length
of the tibia, and (4) in most species a so-called wing sac is present in the antebrachial
membrane, the position and the shape of this wing sac, well developed in males,
rudimentary or absent in females, are characters to distinguish closely related
genera (see Sanborn, 1937: 323 fig. 37).
All genera have the same dental formula: 1 C \, P M §. The upper incisors
are separated by a wide space from each other; this space is caused by the fact
that the premaxillaries are not fused with either each other or with the maxiliaries;
the anterior border of the palate is emarginate. The first upper premolar is minute,
in some genera it is reduced to a structureless spicule.
Of the family Emballonuridae two subfamilies occur in Suriname: the Emballonu-
rinae and the Diclidurinae. The single species of the Diclidurinae known from
Suriname can immediately be distinguished from all other Suriname bats b y the
white colour of its fur and membranes. The Emballonurinae represented in Suriname
show remarkable differences in the size, the colour, and the position of the wing
sac, w'hich even may be absent.
Subfamily E mballonurinae
In the present subfamily the skull has long and curved post-orbital processes
(which often are broken off during cleaning). Eight species of the Emballonurinae
are known with certainty from Suriname. Though not yet actually reported from
Suriname, the species Pcropleryx macrotis macrolis (Wagner) possibly also occurs
there as it is widely distributed on the mainland of South and Central America
from Brazil and Peru northward to Yucatan and Guatemala. For this reason the
species is included in tne following key.
A revision of the subfamily was given by Sanborn (1937); the range of variation
of the external and skull measurements mentioned in the present paper are mainly
based on Sanborn's publication.
K ey to the Suriname Emballonurinae

ia. Calcar much longer than the tibia, about half the length of the forearm; wring
sac absent; small tufts of whitish hairs are present behind and along the dorsal
surface of the forearm; dorsal surface of the body shows a light grizzled appear
ance, the ventral surface is whitish or greyish. Length of forearm varying from
35.5 to about 41 mm; length of upper tooth-row, c-m3, varying from 4.3 to
4.7 m m ......................................................................... Rhynehonycteris naso, p. 48
CHIROPTERA 47
b. Calcar equals the length of the tibia or is shorter than the tibia; no tufts of
whitish hairs along the dorsal surface of the forearm; wing sac usually present 2
2a. Wing membrane from the base of the outer toe or from the side of the foot
above the base of the outer toe (fig. g e ) ............................................................. 3
b. Wing membrane from the distal part of the tibia or from the ankles (fig. gf) . 4
3a. Metacarpal of the third digit equals the length of the forearm; wings from the
base of the outer toes; no wing sac known. Length of forearm varying from
42.6 to 44.5 mm; length of upper tooth-row, c-ms, about 5.8 m m ................
Centronycteris maximiliani maximUiani, p. 67
b. Metacarpal of the third digit considerably shorter than the forearm; wings from
the side of the foot; wing sac long, often extending from near the anterior
border of the antebrachial membrane to near the elbow. Length of forearm
varying from 43.3 to 49.8 mm; length of upper tooth-row, c-m3, varying from
6.1 to 6.8 m m ............................................................. Cormura brevirosiris, p. 62
4a. Ears connected by a low band across the forehead; wing membrane, at least
between the body and a line drawn from the elbow to the knee, white; wing
sac small, about in the middle of the anterior border of the antebrachial mem
brane. Length of forearm varying from 41 to 47 mm; length of tooth-row,
c-m3, varying from 6 to 6.6 mm . . . Peronymus leucopterus teucopterus, p. 66
b. Ears not connected by a low band across the forehead; wing membrane through
out of the same dark c o l o u r ..................................................................................5
5a. Dorsal surface of body with two more or less distinct longitudinal w avy lines of
a whitish or buffy colour from back to rump; wing sac dose to the forearm
near the e l b o w ............................................................................................................. 6
b. Dorsal lines absent; wing sac small, near the anterior border of the antebrachial
m em bran e......................................................................................................................8
6a. Dorsal surface of body black, in specimens with worn pelage more brownish;
wing membranes black; wing sac, at least in males, remarkably large. Length
of forearm varying from more than 44 mm to 51.7 mm; length of upper tooth-
row, c-ms, varying from 6.7 to 7.4 mm (usually more than 7 m m ) ....................
Saccopteryx bilineata, p. 54
b. Dorsal surface of body uniformly brown or greyish brown; wing sac not re
markably developed. Length of forearm less than 44 mm; length of upper
tooth-row, c-m3, varying from 4.6 to 5.5 m m ...................................................... 7
7a. Dorsal surface of body uniformly brown, ventral surface a little lighter; longitu
dinal lines usually distinct. Length of forearm varying from 37.4 to 42.3 mm;
length of tooth-row, c-m3, varying from 5.1 to 5.5 mm, width across molars
from 5.9 to 6.3 m m ......................................................... Saccopteryx leptura, p. 61
b. Dorsal surface of body greyish or brownish with a grizzled appearance; ventral
surface much lighter, grey or buffy; longitudinal lines usually indistinct and
irregular. Length of forearm varying from 35.8 to 40.8 mm; length of upper
tooth-row, c-m3, varying from 4.6 to 5.1 mm, width across molars from 5.1
to 5.6 m m .................................................................. Saccopteryx canescens, p. 59
8a. Length of forearm varying from 45 to 53.6 mm; greatest length of skull varying
from 16 to 17.8 mm, length of the upper tooth-row, c-m3, from 6.7 to 7.8 mm,
width across molars from 7 to 8.3 m m ...................................................................
Peropteryx kappleri kappleri, p. 65
b. Length of forearm varying from 38.3 to 48.2 mm; greatest length of skull
varying from 12 to 15 mm (mean 14.1 mm), length of upper tooth-row, c-m3,
from 4.6 to 6.2 mm, w idth across m olars from 5.5 to 6.8 m m ..........................
Peropteryx macrotis macrotis (Wagner)
Key to the Suriname Molossidae
ia. Inner margins of both ears distinctly separated, thus not arising from one
point on the forehead. Length of forearm varying from 31 to 33.5 m m ................
Molossops planirostris planirostris, p. 187
b. Inner margins of both ears arising from one point on the forehead or joined
together by a low band. Length of forearm varying from 35 to 73 mm . . . 2
2a. Upper lip with deep vertical grooves or wrinkles (see fig. 36c, f); anterior border
of palate emarginate, separating the two inner incisors ................................3
b. Upper lip smooth, without distinct vertical grooves or wrinkles (fig. 36a, b, d, e,
g, h ); anterior border of palate without emargination, so that the inner incisors
are not separated by a distinct s p a c e ................................................................. 4
3a. Length of forearm varying from 40 to 45.5 mm . . . Tadarida europs, p. 189
b. Length of forearm varying from 56.5 to 64 mm . . . Tadarida macrotis, p. 192
4a. Antitragus circular, about as high as long. Only one large premolar in upper
tooth-row; lower jaw with two incisors. In full-grown specimens the knife-like
sagittal crest is greatly develop ed ......................................................................... 5
b. Antitragus half-oval or half-cordate, longer than high. Two premolars in upper
jaw, the anterior being very small; lower jaw w ith four in ciso rs........................ 7
5a. Hairs of the fur unicoloured, the colour of the basal part not different from that
of the distal part. Length of forearm varying from 46 to 53 m m ............................
Molossus ater ater, p. 202
b. Hairs of the fur bicoloured, the basal part whitish, the distal part dark brown . 6
6a. Length of forearm varying from 37 to 41 mm. Fur not extending onto inter-
femoral membrane...................................................... Molossus molossus, p. 199
b. Length of forearm varying from 46.9 to 50 mm. Fur extending distinctly onto
interfemoral m e m b r a n e ........................................ Molossus irinitalus, p. 204
7a. Ventral surface of mesopatagium with a longitudinal area, about 5 mm wide,
covered with white hairs, extending between proximal half of upper arm and
that of thigh; this streak of white colour is sharply set off from the dark brown
of the body. Length of forearm varying from 51 to 53 m m .....................................
Euntops geijskesi, p. 195
b. N u itrea k o f white hairs on ventral surface of m esopatagium .............................8
8a. Length of forearm more than 65 m m .................... Euntops trumbulli, p. 197
b. Length of forearm less than 65 m m ..................................................................... 9
9a. Tragus linear, small, with rounded tip. Small first upper premolar crowded
out of the tooth-row, so that canine and large second premolar are in contact
with each other. Upper parts dark blackish brown, under parts more dark
brown. Length of forearm varying from about 56 to 63 m m .................................
Eutnops auripendulus auripendulus, p. 193
b. Tragus quadrate, small, superior margin straight. Minute first upper premolar
in centre of space between canine and second premolar. Upper parts chestnut-
brown with greyish tinge, under parts much paler. Length of forearm varying
from 58 to 61 mm........................................................... Eumops glaucinus, p. 193
Fig. 33. a, c, Diaemus youngii youngii (Jentink), no. 12088; b, d, Desmodus rolundus rotundus
(E. Geoffroy), no. 3949. a, b, heads; c, d, canines and incisors in front view. W idth across
cingula canines, in mm: c, 5.7; d, 5.8.
Key to the subfamilies of the Suriname Phyllostomidae
ia. Nose leaf absent, lower lip with plate-like outgrowths with numerous small
rounded papillae (fig. i 6 e ) ..................................................... Chilonycterinae, p. 78
b. Nose leaf present, with a distinct vertical, free p o rtio n .....................................2
2a. Tongue very long (fig. 26); upper surface of lower lip in the centre divided by a
deep groove (fig. 2ig); head long and narrow; cusps and commissures of upper
molars so reduced that the W-pattem is absent . . . Glossophaginae, p. 113
b. Tongue normal; upper surface of lower lip not divided by a deep groove . . 3
3a. Interfemoral membrane reduced to a very narrow band along the legs and the
posterior part of the body (fig. 8h), covered with fine long fur; calcar indistinct
(or absent ?); crown of molars with a distinct longitudinal groove (pi. 28 lower
figs.) ..........................................................................................Sturnirinae, p. 134
b. Interfemoral membrane moderately to largely developed; calcar distinct; tail
present or a b s e n t ............................................................................................ 4
4a. External tail absent or hardly v i s i b l e ................................................................ 5
b. Tail d i s t i n c t ......................................................... ....................................................8
5a. Muzzle long and narrow (fig. i6h); length of forearm more than 70 mm . . .
Phyllostominae (genera Vampyrum and Chrotopierus), p. 80
b. Muzzle short and b r o a d ............................ ................................................................
6a. Length of forearm more than 40 m m ........................ Stenodermatinae, p. 138
b. Length of forearm less than 40 m m .....................................................................7
7a. Lower lip with a central wart flanked on each side by a larger elongate wart
(fig. 21c); length of forearm varying from about 30 to 35 mm ....................6
Carolliinae (genus Rhinophylla), p. 126
b. Lower lip with a central wart surrounded by a row of small w a r t s ................
Stenodermatinae, p. 138
8a. Calcar shorter than the foot; length of forearm varying from 40 to 45 mm;
zygomatic arches in co m p lete.................... Carolliinae (genus Carollia), p. 126
b. Calcar equal to or longer than the foot, if shorter (except Vampyrutn and Chro-
topterus) the length of forearm more than 50 mm . . Phyllostominae, p. 80
Key to the Suriname Phyllostominae
ia . External tail absent or rudimentary; length of forearm more than 70 mm 2
b. Tail present; in most species the length of the forearm is less than 70 m m . . 3
2a. Two lower incisors (fig. 17c); tail rudimentary, may be discerned with some
difficulty; length of forearm varying from 77 to 83 mm; wings from the base
of the outer toe; fur long and soft; dorsal surface dark brown, ventral surface
greyish; wing membranes dark brown, the ends being broadly w hite................
Chrotopterus auritus guianae Thomas
b. Four lower incisors (fig. 24a); no external tail; length of forearm about 105 mm
V ampyrum spectrum, p. 107
3a. Tail enclosed in the interfemoral membrane, extending to the posterior
b o rd er....................................................................................................................... 4
b. Tail short, but distinct, enclosed in the interfemoral membrane, reaching the mid
dle of the membrane or reaching less far; in some species the membrane is perfo
rated by the tail, the extreme tip of the tail appearing free on the dorsal surface 5
4a. Length of forearm varying from 34 to 39 mm; the distal part of the ventral
surface of the interfemoral membrane with peculiar dermal denticles which
are arranged longitudinally in more or less parallel rows; wing membrane from
the distal half of the tibia; calcar of about the same length as the tibia (fig.
20a); fur rather long and soft; dorsal surface sooty brown, ventral surface a
shade p a l e r ................................................. Macrophyllum macrophyllum , p. 86
CHIROPTERA 83
16a. Length of forearm varying from 62 to 68 mm ; length of tibia from 24 to 30 mm

Phyllostomus elongatus, p. 99
b. Length of forearm varying from 58 to 60 m m ; length of tibia from 21 to 23 mm
(see pages 100 and 1 0 1 ) ..................................... Phyllostomus latifolius Thomas
82 CHIROPTERA
b. Length of forearm varying from 47 to 52 mm; calcar about two-thirds the

length of the tibia; wing membrane sheathing the extremity of the tibia and
arising from the proximal extremity of the calcar (fig. 20c); nose leaf long and
slender (fig. 18b); dorsal surface dark brown, ventral surface a shade paler . .
Lonchorhina aurita Tomes
5a. Two lower i n c i s o r s ................................................................................................. 6
b. Four lower in c is o r s ............................................................................................... 10
6a. Ears connected by a low band across the f o r e h e a d .................................... 7
b. Ears not connected by a low band across the forehead..................................... 8
7a. Length of forearm varying from 53 to 59 m m ....................................................
Tonalia, silvicola laephotis, p. 89
b. Length of forearm about 45 m m .................................Toruitia carrikeri, p. 88
8a. Wing membranes from the ankles; length of forearm varying from 51 to 53 mm
Mimon benneitii, p. 91
b. Wing membranes from the side of the hind feet near the base of the outer
t o e .................................................... 9
9a. Nose leaf with margin of the lancet finely crenulate (fig. 21a), fringed with
straight hairs; length of forearm varying from 45 to 51 m m ............................
Anthorhina crcnulata, p. 95
b. Nose leaf with margin of the lancet entire; length of forearm varying from
about 55 to 59 mm (see page 9 1 ) ..................................... Tonalia bidcns (Spix)
ioa. Length of forearm less than 50 m m ................................................................. 11
b. Length of forearm more than 50 m m ............................................................. 12
n a . Length of forearm varying from 31.8 to 36.2 mm; ears connected by a low
band across the forehead (fig. 16a); first phalanx and second phalanx of
the third digit of about equal l e n g t h .....................................................................
Micronycieris megalotis megalotrs, p. 83
b. Length of forearm about 40 mm; ears not connected by a low band across the
forehead; first phalanx of third digit much shorter than the second phalanx,
being about 14 and 18 mm, respectively. . . Micronycteris brachyotis, p. 85
12a. Nose leaf with the margin of the lancet finely toothed (fig. 2i f ) ........................
Trachops cirrhosus cirrhosus, p. 105
b. Nose leaf with the margin of the lancet e n t i r e ................................................. 13
13a. Calcar distinctly shorter than the hind f o o t ..................................................... 14
b. Calcar about as long as or longer than the hind f o o t ..................................... 15
14a. Length of forearm varying from 67 to 70 m m ; wing membrane from the side
of the hind foot (fig. 2 o d )..................................... Phyllodcrma stenops Peters
b. Length of forearm varying from about 55 to 65 m m ; wing membranes from the
ankles (fig. 2 o e ) ......................................... PhyUostomus discolor discolor, p. 97
15a. Length of forearm varying from 79 to 88 mm ; nose leaf shorter than the hind
f o o t .............................................................. Phyllostomus hastatus hastatus, p. 102
b. Length of forearm less than 75 mm . .............................................................. 16
CHIROPTERA 139
Only one genus, Sturnira, and two species of the present subfamily are known
with certainty from Suriname. These species may be distinguished with the help of
the following key (after Goodwin & Greenhall, 1961: 251):
ia. Pelage bicoloured, hair buffy from base and tipped with dark brown; crowns of
upper molars occupied by a deep, longitudinal groove; length of forearm, 40.5
to 43.6 m m ................................................................. Sturnira lilium lilium, p. 135
b. Pelage tricoloured, dusky at base, followed by a pale buffy band and tipped
with dark brown; crowns of upper molars occupied by a shallow, longitudinal
groove; length of forearm 45.1 to 46.0 m m .................... Sturnira tildae, p. 137
Key to the Suriname Stenodermatinae

ia. Length of forearm less than 35 mm; crown of head considerably elevated above
the short m u z z l e ...................................................... A rmtrida centurw, p. 155
b. Length of forearm more than 35 m m .....................................................................2
2a. Length of forearm more than 60 mm . . . . Artibeusliluratus faUax, p. 149
b. Length of forearm less than 52 m m ................................................. .................... 3
3a. Upper (outer and inner) incisors distinctly bilobed (fig. 30a), the innerabout
twice as high as the outer. Length of forearm varying from about 39 to 45 mm;
whitish dorsal stripe as well as the whitish supraorbital and infraorbital streaks
usually d is tin ct......................................... Uroderma bilobatum bitobatum, p. 140
b. Outer upper incisors without distinct lo b e s ......................................................... 4
4a. Inner upper incisors slender, much longer than broad, about three times as long
as the outer incisors (fig. 30c); nasal bones absent. Length of forearm varying
from 45 to 48.5 mm; ventral surface of the interfemoral membrane densely haired
Chiroderma villosum villosum, p. 145
b. Inner upper incisors short and b r o a d ..................................................................5
5a. Length of forearm about 50 m m ; inner upper incisors bilobed.............................
Artibeus concclor, p. 148
b. Length of forearm less than 45 mm; interfemoral membrane narrow, central
part of its posterior margin reaching at most to the level of the middle of the
t i b i a e ...........................................................................................................................6
6a. A dense fur covers the legs from the tibia to the ankle as well as the whole
surface of the interfemoral membrane; a fringe of hairs extends along the poste
rior margin of that membrane. Length of forearm about 38 mm; postorbital
constriction about 7.5 m m ..................................... Pygoderma bilabiaium, p. 153
b. Tibia and interfemoral membrane thinly haired or for the greater part naked.
Postorbital constriction less than 6 m m ..............................................................7
7a. Inner upper incisor distinctly bilobed, about twice as long as the outer (see fig.
3od); two upper and two lower molars; length of upper tooth-row, c-m2, less
than 7 mm. Length of forearm varying from 38.7 to 43.5 mm; the posterior
margin of the ventral surface of the interfemoral membrane fringed m its middle
onjy .................................................... Artibeus cinereus cinereus, p. 146
b. Inner upper incisor faintly trifid, much larger than the outer (fig. 30b); three
upper and three lower molars; length of upper tooth-row, c-ms, more than 7 mm.
Length of forearm varying from 36.5 to 41.3 mm; the entire posterior margin of
the interfemoral membrane is f r in g e d .................... p. 143
Key to the Suriname Carolliinae

ia . Length of forearm varying from about 38 to 44 mm; length of upper tooth-row,
c-ms, 7.0 mm or m o r e ........................ Carollia perspiciUata p. 128
b. Length of forearm less than 38 mm; length of upper tooth-row, c-ms: less than
2a Length of forearm varying from 30 to 35 mm; no external tail; length °f upper

tooth-row, c-m\ less than 6 mm. Lower lip with a rounded central wart flanked
on each side by a large elongate wart (fig. 2 1 c ) ................................ ; ' ' ' '
Rhinophylla pum uio, p. 133
b. Length of forearm varying from 34 to 38 mm; external tail slender; length of
upper tooth-row, c-ms, varying from 6.1 to 6.7 mm. Lower lip with a arge
central rounded wart bordered by a row of small warts (like in C. ;
see fig 2ie) .............................................Carollia castanea castanea, p. 127
K e y to the Suriname Glossophaginae

ia . Interfemoral membrane very nairow, extending to about the knee; inner upper
incisors smaller than the outer (fig. 25c). Dental formula: I §, C 1, P §, M | . . 2
b. Interfemoral membrane larger, extending to about the a n k l e s ........................3
2a. Length of forearm varying from 40.5 to 44 mm; calcar rudimentary; inter
femoral membrane densely haired ................ Anoura geoffroyi geoffroyi, p. 123
b. Length of forearm varying from 34 to 36.5 mm; calcar small but distinct;
interfemoral membrane thinly pubescent . . . Anoura caudifer caudifer, p. 120
3a. Lower incisors, at least in adults, absent. . . ............................................ 4
b. Lower incisors present. Dental formula: I f , G j, P |, M § ....................................5
4a. Upper incisors evenly and widely spaced between the canines (fig. 25d); wing
membrane from the base of the outer toe. Dental formula: I §, C J, P §, M f
Lichonycteris obscura, p. 119
b. Upper incisors in pairs separated by a distinct space from each other as well as
from the canines, wing membrane from the foot above the base of the outer toe.
Dental formula: I §, C J, P M | .................................Choeroniscus minor, p. 118
5a. Upper incisors of about equal size, forming a continuous row almost from canine
to canine (fig 25a); zygomatic arch complete Glossophaga soricina soricina, p. 114
b. Upper outer incisors conspicuously smaller than the inner, separated by spaces
both from these and from the canines (fig. 25b); zygomatic arch incomplete . 6
6a. Bases of the hairs darker than the t ip s .................... Lionycteris spurreUi Thomas
b. Basal two-thirds of the hairs light buffy whitish, distinctly fighter than the
brown t i p s ..................................................................Lonchophylla thomasi, p. 125
CHIROPTERA
Fig- 5- V entral view of a b a t. — i, thum b; 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , second, third, fourth and fifth finger respectively; a, m etacarpal; at, antitragus;
b, first phalanx; c, second phalanx; ca, calcanéum or calcar; d, d actylopatagium ; e, ear; fe, femur; fo, forearm; h, humerus; hf, hind-
foot; m, free margin of uropatagium ; me, m esopatagium ; p, propatagium ( = antebrachial membrane); t, tail; ti, tibia; tr, tragus;
u, uropatagium ( = interfemoral membrane).
CHIROPTERA 43
Fig. 6 . Skull of a bat pictured in ventral, dorsal and lateral view to show the measurements
and terms used in this paper, a, width across the cingula of the canines; b, width across the
molars; br, width of braincase; cl, length from condyle to front of can in e; c-m s, length of upper
tooth-row; h, height of braincase; ib, width of interorbital constriction; jb, zygomatic breadth;
pi, length of palate; tl. greatest length of skull; C, canine; I, incisor; M, molar; P, premolar.
CHIROPTERA
58
b( Sac-
Fig. 13. Canines and incisors in front view, a ■17361;
a, 3 2;
b, 4-T ; c, 3 9. d, 9-5-
CHIROPTERA I9I
Fig. 3 7 . Canines and incisors in front view, a, Molossops planirostris planirostris (Peters),
no. 12 9 0 0 ; b, Tadarida europs (H. Alien), no. 1 5 9 1 9 ; c, Eumops auripendulus auripendulus
(Shaw), no. 1 2 9 0 7 ; d, Molossus ater ater E . Geoffroy, no. 12998 . W idth across cingula canines,
in mm: a, 4 .2 ; b, 3 .7 ; c, 6 .2 ; d, 5 .4 .
13
CHIROPTERA
F ig. 3 1 . Canines and incisors in front view, a, Pygodenna bilabiatum (Wagner), no. 1 7 3 9 2 ;
b, Ametrida centurio Gray, SM N no. 1 6 3 3 ; c, Furipterus horrens (F. Cuvier), SMN no. 6 8 4 ;
d, Thyroptera tricolor tricolor Spix, SM N no. 130 2 - 2 . W idth across cingula canines, in mm:
a, 6 .4 ; b, 4 .5 ; c, 2 .8 ; d, 2 .9 .
t
172 CHIROPTERA
Fig. 3 4 . Canines and incisors in front view, a, M yotis nigricans nigricans (Schinz), no. 1 7 2 7 9 ;
b, Eptesicus tnelanoplerus (Jentink), SM N no. 264 a; c, Lasiurus borealis franlzii (Peters), no.
1 7 2 8 2 ; d, Dasypterus ega ega (Gervais), no. 1 7 3 7 1 . W id th across cingula canines, in mm: a, 3 .2 ;
b, 4 .6 ; c, 4 .2 ; d, 6 . 1 .
n6 CHIROPTERA
F ig. 2 5 . Canines and incisors in front view, a, Glossophaga soricina soricina (Pallas), no. 1 3 5 1 4 *'
b, Lonchophylla thomasi J. A. Allen, SM N no. 264 , 14 10 - 6 ; c, Anoura caudifer caudxfer (E.
Geoffroy), no. 1 3 4 8 7 ; d, Lichonycteris obscura Thomas, B M N H no. 9 6 . 10 . 1 .20 . W idth across
cingula canines, in m m : a, 3 .4 ; b, 3 .7 ; c, 4 .0 ; d, 3 .3 .
io6
CHIROPTERA
Anthorhina crenulata (E. M imon ben™ilii (Gray), ZMB no. 3350 b- 1

"0-15903; d, Phylhderm a P
slenopï eters“ ™ * TOdth”" “* <K“ ?’tor (WaSner
a,* 5.5
D -bu> 5u-4 -- rc, 7.4; 7 ,dth
n]'- d, 5.9. acr0ss cm&uIa canines, in mm
CHIROPTERA 103
Fig. 2 2 . Canines and incisors in front view, a, Tonatia silvicola lacphotis Thomas, no. 1 5 7 8 5 ;
b, Chilonycteris rubiginosa rubiginosa W agner, no. 16 4 2 0 ; c, Micronycteris mcgalotis mcgaloiis
(Gray), no. 1 7 2 9 5 ; d, Trachops cirrhosus cirrhosus (Spix), no. 1 3 1 2 7 . Width across cingula
canines, in m m: a, 5 .8 ; b, 6 .2 ; c, 3 .3 ; d, 6 .5 .
CHIROPTEFA §7
Fig. 1 7 . Canines and incisors in front view, a, Lonchorhina aurita Tomes, no 16 8 4 4 ; b, Macro-
phyllum macrophyllum (Wied), B M N H no. 1 1 .4 .28 .7 ; c, Chrotoptcrus aurilus guianae Thomas,
no. 50 0 1 . W idth across cingula canines, in mm: a, 4 .5 ; b. 3 .5 ; c, 7 .7 .
of several other names assigned to Wied. The indication “ P.M ax.” after the name
"Phyllost. macrophyllum" by Schinz is not sufficient to make Wied the author of
that nam e: Prince Maximilian may have been responsible for the name (and he most
likely was), but there is no indication whatever that he also was responsible for the
description.
The specimens from lots 2, 3 and 4 all were found in culverts under highways.
CHIROPTERA
Fig. 30 . Canines and incisors in front view, a, Uroderma bilobatum bilobatum Peters, no. 130 8 0 ;
b, Vampyrops helleri Peters, no. 16 5 1 1 ; c, Chiroderma villosum Peters, SM N no. 1 4 5 0 ; d, Artibeus
lituratus fallax Peters, SM N no. 686 - 1 . W id th across cingula canines, in mm: a, 5 .5 ; b, 5 .6 ;
c, 6.1 ; d, 8 .6 .
CHIROPTERA 109
Fig. 2 4 . Canines and incisors in front view, a, Vampyrum spectrum (L.), SM N no. 1 6 3 1 ; b,
Rhinophylla pumilio Peters, no. 1 2 5 1 0 ; c, Carollia perspicillata perspicillata (L.), no. 1 7 5 6 5 ;
d, Slurnira liliutti lilium (E. Geoffroy), SM N no. 1064 - 1 . W idth across cingula canines, in mm:
a, 9 .8 ; b, 4 .6 ; c, 4 .9 ; d. 6 .3 .
Key to the Families and Genera o f Rainforest Mammals 255
Families and Genera of Anteaters, Sloths, and Armadillos (Xenarthra)

1
Head and body covered with armor plates, usually little or no h a i r .....................................
..........................................................................................Armadillos (Dasypodidae) . . . 6
1' No armor plates on body, head and body covered with hair .............................................. 2
2 Muzzle elongated, head conical, limbs short and thick, no t e e t h ..........................................
...................................................................................Anteaters (Myrmecophagidae) . . . 3
2' Muzzle short, head round, limbs long and thin, teeth present ..............................................
................................................................. Sloths (Bradypodidae, Megalonychidae) . . . 5
3 Size very large (HB > 1,000 mm), tail bushy with hanging p lu m e .....................................
...............................................................................Giant anteater, Myrmecophaga (p. 38)
3' Size smaller (HB < 700 mm), tail slender, not b u sh y ......................................................... 4
4 Size large (HB > 500 mm), fur stiff, glossy bristles .............................................................
.............................................................................................. Tamanduas, Tamandua (p. 39)
4' Size small (HB < 300 mm), fur soft and w o o lly .........Pygmy anteater, Cyclopes (p. 41)
5 Forefeet with three claws, short stumpy tail, face flat, without large caninelike teeth . . .
.........................................................Three-toed sloths (Bradypodidae), Bradypus (p. 43)
5' Forefeet with two claws, no visible tail, muzzle protruding, with large, caninelike teeth
.................................................. Two-toed sloths, (Megalonychidae), Choloepus (p. 44)
6 Ears arising close together on top of head, bases nearly to u c h ..............................................
.............................................................................Long-nosed armadillos, Dasypus (p. 49)
6' Ears set far apart on sides of head, wide armored crown between ................................... 7
7 Upperparts sprinkled with long, conspicuous, stiff, whitish hairs, foreclaws not greatly
enlarged ..................................................................Yellow armadillo, Euphractus (p. 46)
7' Upperparts without conspicuous hairs, foreclaws greatly enlarged ................................... 8
8 Size enormous (HB > 700 mm), hindlegs disproportionately large and thick .................
......................................................................................Giant armadillo, Priodontes (p. 48)
8' Size smaller (HB < 500 mm), hindlegs not enlarged .............................................................
............. .........................................................Naked-tailed armadillos, Cabassous (p. 46)
Families of Bats (Chiroptera)

1 W ith a freestanding, spear-shaped noseleaf behind nostrils, or if without, with naked,
grotesquely w rinkled face and ladderlike pattern in w in g .................................................
.......................................................................................... L eaf-n osed bats (Phyllostom idae)
1' W ithout spear-shaped noseleaf or wrinkled face and ladder pattern in w ing .................... 2
2 W ith a pair o f low, horseshoe- or M -shaped folds behind nostrils, one behind the other,
and central incisor teeth larger than canine t e e t h .........Vam pire bats (Phyllostom idae)
2' W ithout any folds behind nostrils, incisors sm aller than canines ...................................... 3
3 W ith long, robust tail projecting free beyond ed ge o f tail membrane for at least one-third
o f its length ........................................................ Free-tailed or m astiff bats, (M olossidae)
3' W ith tail either com pletely or alm ost com pletely (more than three-fourths o f its length)
within tail membrane, or shorter than tail m embrane and with any free tip protruding
above the m iddle o f the m embrane ......................................................................’ .............4
4 W ith sucker disks on base o f thumb and on ankle . . Sucker-footed bats (Thyropteridae)
4' W ithout sucker disks on thumb or a n k l e ................................................................................... 5
5 C hin with a large con cave plate on each side, or lips m eaty and flared out forward, and
w in gs som etim es m eeting at m idline o f back so that back looks naked .........................
.............................................................Leaf-ch in n ed and m ustached bats (M orm oopidae)
5' Lips and chin not as above, back not n a k e d ............................................................................. 6
6 U pper lip split near nose, form ing drooping, bulld oglike folds, size large (F A > 60), fur
extrem ely short, one pale stripe down m idback ..............B u lld o g bats (N octilionidae)
6' Upper lip not split and drooping, size sm aller (F A < 58), fur not extrem ely short, back
not striped or with tw o s t r i p e s ...............................................................................................7
256 A p p e n d ix B
7 Thum b a rudimentary stub encased in membrane, em erging claw tiny, tail h alf as long as
tail membrane, entirely enclosed within it .................... Thum bless bats (Furipteridae)
7' Thum b with w ell-d evelo p ed digit and claw outside membrane, tail either as long as tail
membrane or, if shorter, with tip protruding free above i t ................................. ............. 8
8 Tail much shorter than legs or tail membrane, tip sticks up free above from m iddle o f
membrane, glandular sac som etim es present in propatagium in front o f elbow, or
beside t a i l ................................................................... Sheath-tailed bats (Emballonuridae)
8' Tail longer than legs, reaches ed ge o f tail membrane, w in g sac never present in propata
gium ...........................................................................................................................................9
9 T w o phalanges on third finger, legs very long, ears funnel-shaped, w ings and body always
p a l e ..........................................................................................Funnel-eared bats (Natalidae)
9' Three phalanges on third finger, legs not greatly elongated, ears not funnel-shaped, wings
and bod y black to p a l e ...........................................V espertilionid bats (Vespertilionidae)
Genera of Sheath-tailed Bats (Emballonuridae)

Color white, grayish white, or whitish b u f f ........................Ghost bats, Diclidurus (p. 37)
Not w hitish................................................................................................................................ 2
Nose elongated in a proboscis, forearm with spaced tufts of white hair ............................
...........................................................................Long-nosed bat, Rhynehonycteris (p. 53)
Nose not in a proboscis, forearm without white tufts ........................................... 3
Wing membrane attaches high on foot near base of toe ....................................................4
Wing membrane attaches at a n k le ............................................................................: .......... 5
Fur long and shaggy, covers face and chin, ear tips pointed, no wing sac, color yellowish
to orangish ..................................................................Shaggy bat, Centronycteris (p. 54)
Fur not shaggy, face not hairy, ear tips rounded, large wing sac present, blackish to red
dish brown .....................................................Chestnut sac-winged bat, Cormura (p. 56)
Wing sac absent, ears short and rounded ............................ Smoky bat, Cyttarops (p.68)
Wing sac present or indicated by a fold, ears triangular and slightly pointed ................. 6
Wing sac close to bone of forearm beyond elbow, back with a pair of wavy pale lines of
ten present, fur on forehead gradually decreases down face and muzzle . . ....................
............................................................. White-lined sac-winged bats, Saccopteryx (p. 53)
6' Wing sac in middle or forward edge of membrane, back without white lines, tuft of fur on
crown ends abruptly on line between e a r s ....................................................................... 7
Wing sac extends from forward edge of propatagium, muzzle short and broad, calcar twice
as long as f o o t ............................................Doglike sac-winged bats, Peropteryx (p. 55)
7' Wing sac in center of propatagium, muzzle narrow and pointed, calcar only slightly
longer than f o o t ....................................... Least sac-winged bats, Balantiopteryx (p. 56)
Genera of Leaf-chinned, Mustached, and Naked-backed Bats

(Mormoopidae)
1 Chin with large, platelike folds, ears short, rounded, and joined by a band across forehead
................................................................................... Leaf-chinned bats, M ormoops (p. 61)
1' Chin without plates, ears pointed and w id ely separated, not join ed by band across brow
...................................................... M ustached and naked-backed bats, Pteronotus (p. 60)
Subfamilies of Leaf-nosed Bats (Phyllostomidae)

1 W ith a pair o f low, horseshoe- or M -shaped noseleaves one behind the other behind nos
trils, and central incisor teeth larger than canine t e e t h ............................... .. ; .................
.............................................................................................. Vam pire bats (Desmodontinae)
K e y to th e F a m ilie s a n d G e n e r a o f R a in f o r e s t M a m m a ls 257
r W ith a freestanding, spear-shaped noseleaf behind nostrils, or if without, with naked, gro
tesquely w rinkled face and ladderlike pattern in w ing, incisor teeth sm aller than canine
teeth ............................................................................................................................................. 2
2 M u z z le elongated, narrow, lower ja w often longer than upper, tongue very long, noseleaf
short, spear-shaped, with no free horseshoe below and beside nostrils, size small (FA
^ 4 5 ) ..........................................................................L o n g-to n gu ed bats (G lossophaginae)
2' M u zzle and tongue not greatly elongated; if spear-shaped noseleaf present, nostrils at
least partly flanked by free fold or horseshoe, size small to l a r g e ..................................3
3 Tail membrane nearly as long to longer than legs, tail usually present, ears usually large,
m uzzle narrow .............................................................Spear-nosed bats (Phyllostom inae)
3' Tail membrane much shorter than legs or absent, tail usually absent, ears medium, m uzzle
usually broad ............................................................................................................................. 4
4 Tail alw ays absent, m uzzle short and broad, chin tip without large central wart, pale facial
stripes and/or m idback stripes often present ........................................................................
...............................................................................Neotropical fruit bats (Stenoderm atinae)
4' Tail present or absent, m uzzle narrow, chin tip with large central wart, stripes never pre
sent, size alw ays small (F A ^ 45) ..........................................................................................
............................................... Little spear-nosed and short-tailed fruit bats (Carolliinae)
Genera of Spear-nosed Bats (Phyllostominae)

1 Tail absent or a short stub hidden in base o f membrane, size large (F A > 77 ; HB > 94),
noseleaf and horseshoe raised to form a deep hollow cup with unbroken rim around
n o s t r i l s ....................................................................................................................................... 2
1' Tail alw ays present and obvious, size large to small, noseleaf not form ing an unbroken
cup around n o s tr ils ...................................................................................................................3
2 Giant size (F A > 98; H B > 135; W T > 125 g), fur medium length, dark brown to orange,
pale stripe down b a c k ............................................. False vampire bat, Vampyrum (p. 69)
2' Large size (F A = 7 7 - 8 7 ) , fur long and w oolly, gray-brown, no stripe on back ...............
................................................................. W oolly false vampire bat, Chrotopterus (p. 69)
3 Tail longer than legs, reaches edge o f tail membrane ........................................................... 4
3' Tail much shorter than legs and tail m e m b r a n e ......................................................................5
4 Noseleaf extremely long, narrow, sword-shaped, as long as ears, ears very large, pointed,
tail membrane comes to a point at tail tip . . . . Sword-nosed bats, Lonchorhina (p. 63)
4' Noseleaf broad, spear-shaped, much shorter than ears, ears large and rounded, tail mem
brane square at end, does not come to a point* at tail t i p ....................................................
.......................................................................... •. Long-legged bat, Macrophyllum (p. 64)
5 Chin, lips, and muzzle around nose studded with long projecting tubercles ......................
..................................................................................... Fringe-lipped bat, Trachops (p. 68)
5' Lips and muzzle around nose not studded with projecting tubercles .............................. 6
6 Chin tip with single, long, smooth pads angled to form a V, size usually small ...............
........................................................................Little big-eared bats, Micronycteris (p. 62)
6' Chin tip with rows of flat, roundish warts, size usually medium to l a r g e ........................7
7 Noseleaf very long, lance-shaped, much longer than broad, ears very large, pointed . . . .
..........................................................................................Hairy-nosed bats, Mimon (p. 66)
1' Noseleaf spear-shaped, not much longer than broad; ears, if large, rounded; if medium
sized, p o in te d ........................................................................................................................ 8
8 Ears large, rounded, hair long but not dense, tail membrane longer than l e g s ...................
....................................................................................... Round-eared bats, Tonatia (p. 65)
8' Tail membrane equal to or shorter than legs, fur medium to short and velvety, ears
broadly triangular..................................... ............................................................................9
9 Horseshoe around nostrils with free flange completely around base, lips and noseleaf
dark ...................................................................... Spear-nosed bats, Phyllostomus (p. 66)
9' Horseshoe around nostrils with free flange only on sides, continuous with upper lip in
center, lips and noseleaf pinkish mottled b ro w n .................................................................
............................................................ Pale-faced spear-nosed bat, Phylloderma (p. 67)
Genera of Long-tongued Bats (Glossophaginae, Lonchophyllinae)

1
Tail absent or greatly reduced, tail membrane virtually absent, reduced to a narrow, hairy
band much shorter than k n e e s ...........Hairy-legged long-tongued bats, Anoura (p. 73)
1' Tail always present (though sometimes short), tail membrane longer than knees...........2
2 Lower incisors p re se n t............................................................................................................. 3
2' Lower incisors ab sen t............................................................................................. .................5
3 Tongue with deep groove on s i d e .............................................................. Lonchophyllinae 4
3' Tongue without deep groove on side, dorsal fur bicolored, noseleaf short, does not reach
eye, w in g attached at ankle opposite calcar, color pale brown or g r a y .............................
.............................................................Com m on long-tongued bats, Glossophaga (p. 72)
4 Dorsal fur bicolored, pale at base and dark at tip, m uzzle only moderately elongated,
noseleaf large, reaches eye when fla tt e n e d ...........................................................................
...................................................... Spear-nosed long-tongued bats, Lonchophylla (p. 7 1 )
4' Fur unicolored chocolate brown or chestnut to base, n oseleaf short, w ing attached half
w ay down foot near base o f toe beyond origin o f calcar ...................................................
....................................................................Chestnut long-tongued bat, Lionycteris (p. 70)
5 Dorsal fur tricolored, dark at base (som etim es faint, like a shadow) and tip, pale in middle
................................................................................................................................................... 7
5' Dorsal fur bicolored pale at base and dark at t i p ...................................................................6
6 D istal thumb join t (outside membrane) longer than proxim al (inside membrane), long
whisker in front o f ear, color blackish, South A m erica only ............................................
........................................................................E ga long-tongued bat, Scleronycteris (p. 74)
6' Thum b joints about equal in length, no long whisker in front o f ear, border o f deep chin
notch rippled with tubercles on edge throughout length, color dark brown, Central and
South A m e r i c a ............................. Lon g-n osed long-tongued bats, Choeroniscus (p. 74)
7 M u zzle robust, deep chin notch extends under chin as a slit without rippled border o f tu
bercles, elbow s thinly furred above, underparts paler than back, Central and South
A m erica ................................................... Dark long-tongued bats, Lichonycteris (p. 74)
7' M u zzle narrow and tubelike, border o f deep chin notch with long, smooth pads near lip
that extend under chin as deep slit with edges o f rippled tubercles, elbow s thickly
furred above and below, underparts about the same as back, Central Am erica only . . .
........................................................ U n derw ood’s long-tongued bat, Hylonycteris (p, 75)
Genera of Short-tailed and Little Fruit Bats (Carolliinae)

l Tail present, tip sticks up freely from m iddle o f tail membrane, Central and South Am erica
.................................................................................Short-tailed fruit bats, Carollia (p, 76)
l' Tail absent, South A m erica o n l y ..................................Little fruit bats, Rhinophylla (p. 77)
Genera of Neotropical Fruit Bats (Stenodermatinae)

1 Tail membrane virtually absent, a narrow hairy band down leg, no facial or midback
stripes, no w hite spots where w ings jo in shoulder, fur prominently tricolored dark at
base and tip, pale in m iddle, central upper incisors much longer than outer incisors,
broad and b u c k -to o th e d ....................................Yellow -shouldered bats, Sturnira (p. 78)
l' W ith tail membrane or, if almost without, with facial stripes and/or short central incisors
........................................................................................................................................... 2
2 Pure white spot where wing meets sh o u ld e r...................................................... ’................ 3
2' No white spot on sh o u ld e r.................................................................................... ................ 6
3 Noseleaf well developed, spear-shaped, no folds on brow .................................................4

3' Noseleaf not spear-shaped, or noseleaf absent, folds present on brow .............................5
4 U pper lip with fold from base o f n oseleaf to corner o f mouth form ing a “ d ouble” lip . . .
............................................................................................ Ipanema bat, Pygoderm a (p. 85)
4' U pper lip without f o l d ..................................Little w hite-shouldered bat, A m etrida (p. 8 6 )
5 Forehead above eyes with large fleshy horizontal fold that presses down on noseleaf, ears
without horizontal lobe extending over brow, no ladderlike pattern in w i n g ..................
..................................................................................... V iso red bat, Sphaeronycteris (p. 8 6 )
5' W hole face covered with co m plex folds, no united noseleaf, horizonal lobes from ears
cover brow, ladderlike pattern in w in g .................. W rin kle-fa ced bat, Centurio (p. 87)
6 Central upper incisors bilobed, with broad, parallel tips, only slightly longer than outer
in c is o r s ........................................................................................................................................ 7
6' Central upper incisors bilobed or single-pointed, more than tw ice as long or longer than
outer incisors, tips m ay be narrow and c o n v e r g e n t ........................................................... 8
7 M id back and facial stripes alw ays present ..............T en t-m akin g bats, Uroderma (p. 79)
7' N o m idback stripes, facial stripes present or absent, upper facial stripes usually end at
forward edge o f ear, rarely to m iddle o f e a r ..............F ruit-eating bats, A rtibeus (p. 84)
8 Fur pale at base ............................................................................................................................. 9
8' Fur with dark band at base, som etim es faint, like shadow ................................................10
9 N o facial or m idback stripes, tail m embrane naked, without hairy fringe on rear edge,
forequarters white, hindparts grayish, Central A m erica o n l y .............................................
................................................................................. Honduran w hite bat, E ctophylla (p. 83)
9' Pale facial stripes present, tail m embrane with hairy fringe on ed ge ............................. 12
10 Large (F A s 38), soft depression detectable b y pressing behind noseleaf, with or without
stripes, central upper incisors long, narrow, with sin gle points, outer incisors tiny, ca l
car about three-fourths o f length o f f o o t .................. B ig -e y e d bats, Chiroderma (p. 81)
10' Sm all (F A ^ 39), rostrum behind n oseleaf hard, with or without m idback stripe, central
upper incisors m uch longer than outer, bilobed, calcar about h alf length o f foot . . . 1 1
11 Facial stripes present, m idback stripe present on ly i f bat large, if tiny, then without back
stripe and tail membrane edge with slight hairy fringe, two molars ................................
................................................................................. Y ellow -eared bats, Vampyressa (p. 82)
1 1 ' Size tiny, no facial or m idback stripes, tail m embrane naked, without hairy fringe .........
................................................................................... M a c c o n n e ll’s bat, M esophylla (p. 83)
12 Size large (F A > 45; W T > 25 g), cojor warm cinnam on, back and facial stripes bright
and sharp, posterior ed ge o f facial stripes reaches rear o f ear, sides o f noseleaf and base
o f ears y e l l o w ..................................................Great stripe-faced bat, Vampyrodes (p. 81)
12' If large (F A > 45), color blackish brown, warm brown only if smaller; sides o f noseleaf
and base o f ears cream or gray; three molars .........................................................................
.......................................................................... W hite-lin ed fruit bats, Platyrrhinus (p. 80)
Genera of Vampire Bats (Desmodontinae)

1 Tail membrane alm ost absent, reduced to a narrow, very hairy band down side o f leg, fur
soft and dense ............................................... H airy-legged vam pire bat, Diphylla (p. 89)
1' Tail membrane well developed, forms a com plete band jo in in g legs, fur short, thin, and
s t r a ig h t ........................................................................................................................................ 2
2 Low er central incisors with deep n o t c h ........... C om m on vam pire bats, D esm odus (p. 8 8 )
2' Low er central incisors without deep n o t c h ..................................................................................
........................................................................W h ite-w in ged vam pire bat, D iaem us (p. 89)
Genera of Vespertilionid Bats (Vespertilionidae)

1 Ears enormous (> 26 mm), short stub of tail tip extends free beyond membrane, South
America o n ly .......................................................Big-eared brown bats, Histiotus (p. 95)
1' Ears enormous, tail ends at point within membrane, Central America only . . . ...............
...........................................................Central American long-eared bat, Bauerus (p. 97)
1" Ears not e n o rm o u s.......................................................................................................... 2
2 Tail membrane densely furred for at least half its length, ears short and rounded .............
....................................................................................... Hairy-tailed bats, Lasiurus (p. 96)
2' Not as above................................................................................................................................3
3 Pale yellow frosted brown above, pale yellow below, fur pale at base, two upper incisors,
size t i n y ....................................................................Little yellow bats, Rhogeessa (p. 94)
3' Black, brown, or red, fur dark at base, four upper incisors ............................................... .4
4 Tragus rounded, first tooth behind upper canine large, no gap between canine and the first
large tooth, FA = 37-54 ............................................Big brown bats, Eptesicus (p. 93)
4' Tragus narrow and pointed, first tooth behind upper canine tiny, leaving an apparent gap
in front of first large tooth, FA = 2 9 -4 4 ....................Little brown bats, Myotis (p. 93)
Genera of Free-tailed Bats (Molossidae)

1 Upper lip with deep vertical wrinkles ....................................................................................2
1' Upper lip s m o o th ..................................................................................................................... 3
2 Ears join ed broadly at m idline o f brow, four lower in c is o r s ...................................................
.......................................................... Broad-eared free-tailed bats, Nyctinomops (p. 100)
T Ears alm ost m eet but are not jo in ed on m idline o f brow, six lower incisors ......................
....................................................................................... Free-tailed bats, Tadarida (p. 100)
3 M idlin e o f m uzzle between eye and nose raised in a r i d g e .................................................. 4
3' M idlin e o f m uzzle flat, not raised in a ridge ................................................... 5
4 Hair on crown longer than on neck, form ing a slight crest, four lower incisors, tail usually
> 6 0 % o f head and body length, palate between upper tooth rows deeply concave . . .
................................................................................. Crested m astiff bats, Promops (p. 102)
4' Hair on crown not longer than on neck, two lower incisors, tail usually 5 0 - 6 0 % o f head
and body length, palate betw een tooth rows flat ......... M astiff bats, Molossus (p. 102)
5 Ears join ed broadly at m idline o f brow, reach to nose when flattened forward ..................
............................................................................................ Bonneted bats, Eumops (p. 101)
5' Ears m ay m eet or be separate but are not joined, reach m idw ay between nose and eye
when flattened ......................................................................................................... 6
6 Forearm skin above sprinkled with bum ps, head and body extrem ely flattened, size tiny
................................................................................. Flat-headed bat, Neoplatymops (p. 99)
6' N ot as a b o v e .............................................................................................................. 7
7 Ears with pointed tips, w id ely separated, slight accordion-like fold where ear meets
crown, two lower incisors, hair o f crown dim inishes gradually down face, tail close to
5 0 % o f head and body l e n g t h ....................................D o g-fa ce d bats, Molossops (p. 98)
7' Ears rounded, no fold at junction w ith crown, hair o f crown ends abruptly in a line, four
lower incisors, tail usually 4 0 - 5 0 % o f head and body length ........................... ..............
.............................................................................................. D o g lik e bats, Cynomops (p. 99)
Families and Genera of Monkeys (Primates)

1 Size tiny to small (WT < 700 g), claws, not nails, on hands and f e e t ................................
................................................................................... Callitrichidae, Callimiconidae . . . 2
1' Size small to large (WT > 600 g), nails, not claws, on hands and feet . . . . Cebidae . . . 6
2 Size tiny (WT < 150 g), west and central Amazon Basin only . .........................................
Pygmy marmoset, Cebuella (p. 105)
2' Size larger (WT > 200 g) ..........................................................3
3 L ow er incisors narrow at tips, tigh tly clustered to form a scoop, lower canine little differ
entiated from incisors and clustered with them, ears often with tufts, south o f the A m a
zon and east o f the M adeira including S E Brazil ......... M arm osets, Callithrix (p. 106)
3' L ow er incisors broad at tips, not clustered into a scoop, lower canine distinctly larger than
incisors, m ay have mane but not ear tufts, w h ole r e g i o n ..................................................4
4 Bright gold or gold and black w ith prominent, centrally parted mane on head, E Brazil
only ........................................................................Lion tamarins, Leontopithecus (p. 118)
4' M ane, if present, not centrally parted, color not gold or go ld and black, or found outside
S E Brazil only ..........................................................................................................................5
5 C olor black, face entirely black, hair on head forms two tiers: a shorter, even cap bor
dered on nape and sides by longer r u f f ................G o e ld i’s m onkey, Callimico (p. 120)
5' B la ck or colored; if black, then m uzzle usually grizzled or patterned with white, hair on
head not t w o -t ie r e d ................................................................. Tamarins, Saguinus (p, 110)
6 Tail nonprehensile, not carried coiled at tip, size small to m edium (W T = 0.6 - 4 kg) . . . 7
6' Tail prehensile, often coiled at tip, size medium to large (W T = 2 - 1 5 k g ) ..................12
7 Eyes very large, crown with three black stripes, nocturnal ....................................................
...............................................................................................N igh t m onkeys, Aotus (p. 121)
7' E yes normal size, crown not striped, d iu r n a l.......................................................................... 8
8 Fur very short, tail slender, w hite m ask around eyes, small, slender, and agile ..................
........................................................................................Squirrel m onkeys, Saimiri (p. 125)
8' Fur m edium to long, tail not slender, no white m ask around eyes, if small (=» 1 kg), then
body not s le n d e r ....................................................................................................................... 9
9 Size small (W T = 0 .9 - 1 .7 kg), tail thickly furred but not bushy ........................................
.......................................................................................... T iti m onkeys, Callicebus (p. 123)
9' S ize larger (W T = 1 . 6 - 4 kg), tail distinctly bushy . .........................................................10
10 Tail much shorter than head and b o d y ...................... .. Uakari m onkeys, Cacajao (p. 135)
10' Tail longer than head and body .............................................................................................. 11
11 Fur on tail, head, and body long and shaggy, tail carried low ...............................................
................................................................................... .. Saki m onkeys, Pithecia (p. 131)
1 1' Fur on body not long and shaggy, bushy tail often carried in high arc over back .............
........................................................................Bearded saki m onkeys, Chiropotes (p. 133)
12 S ize m edium (W T = 1 .2 - 4 . 5 kg), top o f head with black or brown cap or w edge, under
side o f tail tip hairy ........................... ........................ C apuchin m onkeys, Cebus (p. 127)
12 ' S ize large (W T = 3 . 5 - 1 5 kg), crown without contrasting dark cap, underside o f tail tip
naked ....................................................................................................................................... 13
13 Head large, chin with prominent beard, throat swollen ..........................................................
........................................................................................H ow ler m onkeys, A louatta (p. 136)
13 ' Head and throat not large, chin w ithout b e a r d ......................................................................14
14 Lim bs and tail robust, not thin and greatly elongated, thumbs well developed, does not
usually travel by sw in gin g by arms or tail below branches ...............................................
......................................................................................W o o lly m onkeys, Lagothrix (p. 140)
14' Lim bs and tail long and thin, thumb alm ost absent, often sw ings below branches . . . . 15
15 Ears alm ost naked, inconspicuous, does not occur in S E Brazil ..........................................
............................................................................................ Spider m onkeys, Ateles (p. 142)
15' Ears thickly furred, stand out from side o f head, S E Brazil o n l y ..........................................
.................................................................................................M uriqui, Brachyteles (p. 144)
Families and Genera of Carnivores (Carnivora)

1 All feet with four weight-bearing toes, fifth toe if present is a dewclaw that does not touch
the ground ............................................................................................................................ 2
1' Feet with five weight-bearing t o e s ......................................................................................... 8
2 Claws of forefeet sharp and retractable, fifth toe present, tail not b u s h y ............................
......................: .......................................................................................Cats (Felidae) . . . 3
Universidade Federal do Para
Laboratório de Genética & Biodiversidade
CATALOGO DE FOTOS DE MORCEGOS DO BRASIL
Fábio Sarmento de Sousa - Biólogo

Eloiza Soares Araújo - Estagiária
Luís Reginaldo Ribeiro Rodrigues - Coordenador
como um
Emballonuridae
• Y/* . S a c c o p t e r y x b ilin e a ta
Family I mlullonuridM
Súccaptsryx emnexcrnx
Emballonuridae
Cormura brevirostris
Centronycteris maximiliani Cyttarops alecto
Diclidurus Ingens
Diclidurus albus
n
'Qw »îirnïfîci
^r* refc
verloW Sw
'«runTcilf!*
JHrra,> <fc*
Natalidae Thyropteridae
Thyroptera tricolor
Molossops greenhalli
Neoplatymops matogrossensis
Phyllostomidae - Phyllostominae
' . Ü .
Q / • •
Micronycteris hirsuta Micronycteris sylvestris
§ 1 + )
O 1998. Nano Miiinioa«
Micronyctens schmdtorum
Trinycteris nicefori
Mtcrooycions mmuta
Lonchorhina aunta Lophostom a silvicolum
Lophostoma brasiliensis
M c r iin I utile
Phyllostomidae
Desmodontinae
Phyllostomidae - Stenodermatinae
O ' , -
Chiroderma trinitatum
Chiroderma doriae -V
I 99K. \ unc> Simmoo <
Chiroderma vrUosum Mesophyita macconnelh

Phyllostomidae - Glossophaginae
Anoura caudifer
Anoura gsoffroyi
Glossophaga commissarisi Glossophaga longirostris
Scleronycteris ega
Glossophaga sohctna
Phyllostomidae - Glossophaginae
Lonchophylla mordax
Lonchophylla thomasi
Lonchophylla bokermanni Lonchopylla dekeyseri
Lionyxteris spurrelli

Appendix 1: Key To Families (Or Subfamilies o F Phyllostomidae) o F Bats

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Appendix 1: Key To Families (Or Subfamilies o F Phyllostomidae) o F Bats

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645

Field key to the bats of the Guianan subregion.

Key tofamilies (or subfamilies o f Phyllostomidae) o f bats

Key to the species o f Phyllostominae (family Phyllostomidae)

Key to the species o f Stenodermatinae (Family Phyllostomidae)

2b FA 44—51; dorsum tricolor; inner upper incisors rectangular S. tildae01

5b Glandular wing sacs present 8a

Key to the species o f Thyropteridae (disc-winged bats)

Key to the species ofMolossidae (free-tailed bats)

Chave para as Famílias

4A - Terceiro dígito com metacarpo e 2 falanges------- -------------------------------------------------------------- 5

IA -T ocinho ornamentado, mas sem folha nasal verdadeira.................................. DESMODONTlNAE st Í n a

CHA VE DE ID E N T IFIC A Ç Ã O DE ESPÉC IES DA SUB-FAM ÍLIA CAROLLINAE

CHAVE DE ID E N T IFIC A Ç Ã O DE E SPÉ C IE S DA SU B-FAM ÍLIA G LOSSQPHA GINAE

CHAVE DE ID E N T IFIC A Ç Ã O DE ESPE C IE S DA SUB-FAM ILIA LONCHOPHYLLINAE

IA - Pelagem do dorso curta e monocolor, marrom-avermelhada ou marrom-escura; rostro curto; FA

CHAVE DE ID E N T IFIC A Ç Ã O PARA E SPÉ C IE S DA SU B-FAM ÍLIA STURNIRINAE

IA - Tamanho maior (FA 60-70).............................................................................................. Sturnira magna

CHAVE DE ID E N T IFIC A Ç Ã O PARA E SPÉ C IE S DA SU B-FAM ÍLIA STENODERM ATINAE

IA - Face com listras evidentes ou parcial mente evidentes........................................................................... 2

CHAVE DE ID E N T IFIC A Ç Ã O PARA ESPÉ C IE S DA SUB-FAM ÍLIA PH YLLO STOM IN AE

IA - Ante-braço maior que 75 m m .................................................................................................................... 2

CHAVE DE ID E N T IFIC A Ç Ã O PARA E SPÉ C IE S DA FA M ÍLIA NATALIDAE

CHAVE DE ID E N T IFIC A Ç Ã O PARA E SPÉ C IE S DA FA M ÍLIA FÜRIPTERID AE

CHAVE DE ID E N T IFIC A Ç Ã O PARA E SPÉ C IE S DA FA M ÍLIA THYRO PTERID AE

CHAVE DE ID E N T IFIC A Ç Ã O PARA E SPÉ C IE S DA FA M ÍLIA VESPERTILIONIDAE

CHAVE DE ID E N T IFIC A Ç Ã O PARA E SPÉ C IE S DA FA M ÍLIA EM BALLONURIDAE

1A Pelagem de cor clara, de branco a branco-amarronzado; orelhas largas e arredondadas; a MI dos

The main external characters of the Suriname Emballonuridae are as follows:

K ey to the Suriname Emballonurinae

16a. Length of forearm varying from 62 to 68 mm ; length of tibia from 24 to 30 mm

b. Length of forearm varying from 47 to 52 mm; calcar about two-thirds the

Key to the Suriname Stenodermatinae

Key to the Suriname Carolliinae

2a Length of forearm varying from 30 to 35 mm; no external tail; length °f upper

K e y to the Suriname Glossophaginae

Anthorhina crenulata (E. M imon ben™ilii (Gray), ZMB no. 3350 b- 1

Families and Genera of Anteaters, Sloths, and Armadillos (Xenarthra)

Families of Bats (Chiroptera)

Genera of Sheath-tailed Bats (Emballonuridae)

Genera of Leaf-chinned, Mustached, and Naked-backed Bats

Subfamilies of Leaf-nosed Bats (Phyllostomidae)

Genera of Spear-nosed Bats (Phyllostominae)

Genera of Long-tongued Bats (Glossophaginae, Lonchophyllinae)

Genera of Short-tailed and Little Fruit Bats (Carolliinae)

Genera of Neotropical Fruit Bats (Stenodermatinae)

3 Noseleaf well developed, spear-shaped, no folds on brow .................................................4

Genera of Vampire Bats (Desmodontinae)

Genera of Vespertilionid Bats (Vespertilionidae)

Genera of Free-tailed Bats (Molossidae)

Families and Genera of Monkeys (Primates)

Families and Genera of Carnivores (Carnivora)

CATALOGO DE FOTOS DE MORCEGOS DO BRASIL

Fábio Sarmento de Sousa - Biólogo

Centronycteris maximiliani Cyttarops alecto

Micronycteris hirsuta Micronycteris sylvestris

O 1998. Nano Miiinioa«

Lonchorhina aunta Lophostom a silvicolum

I 99K. \ unc> Simmoo <

Chiroderma vrUosum Mesophyita macconnelh

Glossophaga commissarisi Glossophaga longirostris

Lonchophylla bokermanni Lonchopylla dekeyseri

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