Rural Urban integration

through District Planning

Town & Country Planning Organisation

Ministry of Urban Development,

Government of India

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 Background

 The District Planning in the form of decentralised

planning for a balanced, integrated and meaningful
development of districts has been an accepted
concept since the beginning of the planning era.
 Difficulties in integration:
– a wide gap between the concept and the
practices
– states differ widely in their levels of
decentralisation of development administration

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 Background

 Comprehensive guidelines for district

planning by Planning Commission in 1969
 Difficulties in implementation:
– institutional mechanism for district planning not
fully geared.
– low level of awareness.

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 Background

 Planning Commission in 1982 set up a

Working Group under the Chairmanship of
Dr. C.H. Hanumantharao, recommended:
– Spatial Planning,
– rural urban integration
– peoples`participation
– institutional framework
as integral part of district planning
(Above could not be implemented as the
institutional framework not changed)
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 Concept of Integration in
District Planning
 Necessary
– To avoid multiplicity of institutions and processes
and overlapping functions
– to achieve functional and spatial integration at
planning and implementation stage

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 Concept of Integration in District
Planning

 types of integration
– integration in planning
– coordination in implementations
 more emphasis on coordination in
implementations to achieve integrated
development since the district planning
bodies had limited planning functions.

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 Concept of Integration in District
Planning

 The Working Group recommended

integration at plan formulation level
 planning activity should be undertaken by
one single agency
 The concept of District Planning Committee
as provided by the 74th CAA is a step
forward to achieve this goal.

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 Rural–Urban Integration

 Came into being along with ‘Integrated Rural

Development Programme
 It recommended for provision of higher
order services and amenities related to
agriculture and other allied activities in
small and medium towns.
The need to integrate the rural activities particularly with the small and medium towns had become a
crucial issue in order to find suitable locations and assign the functions of focal points to these towns
for provision of higher order services and amenities related to agricultural and other allied activities.

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 Rural–Urban Integration

 Approach further reinforced by the report

of Task Force on ‘Planning & Development of
Small & Medium Towns & Cities’ set up in
1975
 It recognised ‘spatial plan at regional /
district level as an important tool of rural
urban integration through provisions of
various levels of services and facilities.’

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 Rural–Urban Integration
It says, “The (Urban) Plans generally bear no relationship with
the rural hinterland of the district…No plan can be realistic
unless it takes into account the interaction between the two…
It calls for total district planning integrating a settlement
pattern to promote human activity, balanced development
and a congenial environment.” It also recommended, “District
and local physical plans should be prepared within the
framework of the regional plans and a suitable statutory
authority should be entrusted at the district or area level to
draw up detailed plans and programmes on the basis of a
settlement plan, integrating rural and urban areas.”

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 Spatial Plan
 spatial plan at regional / district level has been an important
tool of rural urban integration through functional integration
of various levels of services and facilities.
 provides for spatial strategy to provide locational plan for the
development programmes and schemes but also rural-urban
integration to minimize disparity in development over space.
 The spatial strategy provides two broad directions, the first
is on hierarchy of urban and rural settlements in the region
and the second is regarding the proposed functions of the
settlements, during the plan period.

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 National Commission on
Urbanization, 1985

 Spatial perspective to the pattern of urban

settlements at the National scale
 Location of urban settlements by size and
function in regional/ sub-regional context
 Necessity of delineating planning regions at
National and State levels
 329 GEMs and 49 SPURs

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 Spatial Plan

 TCPO always emphasised in regional plans

the need for spatial strategy for rural-
urban integration in order to minimize
spatial disparity in development.
 Methodology
– Determination of hierarchy of urban and rural
settlements in the region
– proposed functions of the settlements

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 74th Constitution Amendment

 The 73rd and 74th Constitutional

Amendment Acts have opened up a new vista
for decentralised and democratic process of
planning and development in India
 District & Metropolitan Areas have been
recognised as a viable unit for
administration as well as a key unit in the
multi-level planning system.

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 74th Constitution Amendment

 The Act envisages spatial and environmental

planning for integration of the municipal and
Panchayat plans with district plans
 Article 243-ZD(3-a) provides for spatial
planning, sharing of water and other physical
and natural resources & integrated
development of infrastructure

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 74th Constitution Amendment

 ensuring devolution of power to the people

 The state legislatures empowered to enact
upon the structure, composition and
functions of DPC.
 Four-fifth of its members shall be elected
by and amongst the elected members of the
district panchayat and the municipality

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 74th Constitution Amendment

 Some states have enacted enabling

legislations for the constitution of DPC
 DPCs wherever constituted lack necessary
technical expertise to draw up a Spatial
Development Plan of the district integrating
the various sectors of development and rural
urban continuum.

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 Government of India initiatives

 Constituted a Steering Committee and a

Technical committee to re-examine the
existing planning system and to devise a
mechanism to facilitate devolution of spatial
planning functions to local bodies.
 submitted its report in 1996 in the form of
UDPFI guidelines and revised the model
Urban & Regional Planning and Development
Law which also provide for setting up of DPC

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 Powers and Functions of DPC

 Mandatory
– Prepare a perspective plan indicating long term
policies, strategies and priorities for spatio-
economic development of the district.
– Formulate a district development plan taking into
account the development goals, objectives and
priorities for five years as stipulated in the
perspective plan of the district
– Formulate annual plan within the framework of
approved district development plan.
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 TCPO initiatives

 Formulate prototype district plans

demonstrating how to prepare the
perspective plan and constitution of DPC
 TCPO has already completed a prototype
Perspective (Spatial) Plan for Chandrapur in
Maharashtra.

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 Prototype Perspective Plan for
Chandrapur district

 Long term spatial development plan,

 Development Plans and Annual Plans will
flow from the perspective plan

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 Prototype Perspective Plan for
Chandrapur district
 To provide sectorwise broad directions of
development
 spatial integration of the urban and rural
settlements
 indicate future functional hierarchy of the
settlements in the district.
 plan for their all round development
proposing for up-gradation of various
infrastructural facilities
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 Methodology

 Assess availability and distribution of economic and physical

resources in relation to demographic profile of the district.
 Inventory of resources such as land, forest cover, minerals,
agriculture, water resources, industries etc. will be prepared.
 Availability of socio-economic infrastructure e.g. educational &
health facilities, traffic and transportation, marketing, and
communication facilities is also examined.
 Development potentials and constraints are analysed and
assessed. Projections of population both urban and rural have
been attempted.
 Development strategy for spatial planning is formulated for
the district.
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 Methodology

 the proposed settlement system for the district is

being formulated both for the urban and rural
settlements.
 Development programmes are integrated at the
settlement level by filling up the gaps in the
settlement system and also by integrating the
schemes of the urban and rural settlements.

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 Sector wise recommendations

 Agriculture
 Irrigation
 Horticulture
 Animal Husbandry

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 Proposed Settlement Hierarchy
Level Exiting Proposed Remarks

I Regional Centre 1 1 Chandrapur, the district & Tehsil HQ is the highest order settlement in the
hierarchy and serves the entire district.

II Sub-Regional 1 2 Ballarpur town is the existing Sub regional centre serving the southern
part of the district. Brahmapuri a tehsil HQ town 150 Km from district HQ
Centre located along the eastern rail road corridor presently functioning as market
town proposed as the second sub regional centre to serve the northern part
of the district.

III Market Town 5 11 Five existing and six large tehsil HQ villages and one town with APMC
Principal yards having higher order facilities proposed to be upgraded

IV Rural Market 7 17 Large villages having APMC Sub Yard, and other higher order facilities
have been selected. 15 existing rural service centres proposed to be
Centres upgraded

V Rural Service 27 67 Medium size village accessible by pucca road having Vet-II dispensary,
PHS and Middle or High school and Daily Market.
Centre 56 Basic villages are proposed to be upgraded to Service centre.

VI Basic Villages 140 280 Medium size villages having at least one Vet-II or Middle School or Daily
market.196 villages are proposed to be upgraded.

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 Level Facilities Distance Catchment
Population
I Regional • District Civil Hospital Entire District
• Veterinary Hospital
Centre • Specialised Hospitals and Educational institutions
• District offices of the State
• Commercial Banks
• District Central Cooperative Bank
• ST Division
• Various Govt. & Semi Govt. Orgns.
• Agricultural Produce Market Principal Yard
• General Post Office
• Higher Order Godown etc.
II Sub- • Rural Hospital North and South of the
• Primary Health Centre district
Regional • Veterinary Hospital
Centre • Bus Depot and Workshop
• Technical School, Colleges
• Artificial Insemination Centre
• APMC Sub-yard
• Nationalised and Coop. Banks
• Post and Telegraph Office
• Specialised services
• Govt. & Semi-Govt. Organisations
• Middle Order Godowns
III Market • Hospital Each Tehsil
• Degree College
Town • Municipal Dispensary
• Veterinary dispensary-I
• Artificial Insemination Centre
• Telegraph Office
• Cooperative and nationalised Banks
• Middle Order Godown
• APMC Principal yard
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 Level Facilities Distance Catchment
Population

IV Rural Market Centre • Primary schools 10-15 kms.

• Middle school
• Secondary school
• Primary Health Centres
• Metalled road link to urban centre
• Public transport connection bus (and in some
cases-rail).
• Post Office
• Electricity supply
• Telephone service
• Water supply
• Bank
• Cooperative society
• Fair price shop
• Regional market
• Community centre
• Police post.
• Primary Health Centre
• Veterinary dispensary
• Artificial Insemination Centre
• Cooperative and Nationalized Banks
• Middle Order Godowns
• APMC Sub-yard
• Petrol station.

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 Level Facilities Distanc Catchment
e Population
V Rural •Pucca Road to Market Centre. Upto 5 kms.

Service •WBM vehicular road links to villages in catchment

Centre •Electricity supply
•Water supply
•Fair price shop
•Community centre
•Post Office
•Secondary Schools.
•P.H.Sub-Centre
•Bus Station
•Weekly Market
•Bank (Branch)
•Artificial Insemination Centre
• Z.P.Ayurvedic Dispensary etc.
VI Basic • Primary and Middle School Within 2
• Dispensary kms.
Village • Branch Post Office
• Weekly Market
• Regular Bus Stop
• Coop. Bank
• Veterinary Aid Centre etc.

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 Development of Growth Centres

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 The next steps –
The way forward

The 74th CAA aims at decentralising the

planning & development activities in a
democratic and realistic way. Therefore it
must be implemented in letter and spirit to
accelerate the overall development process
of the nation to a higher growth trajectory.

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 Thank you

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