TEXT 2

You may have heard of migrating birds or animals, but people also migrate. Migration refers to the
movement of people from one location to another. Generally, this is for a long period of time, and can be
permanent or temporary. 
There are various types of migration. Some migrations are forced, and others are voluntary. Some are
within a country, and others involve moving to another country. You may know people who have emigrated to
another country, or you may have students in your class who were born in a different country; you may even be
a migrant yourself. Geographers are interested in movements from rural to urban areas or between less and
more developed countries, the reasons why they are taking place, as well as the effects they create. Geographers
have developed several theories to explain why migration takes place.
People choose to migrate for many different reasons. The general terms that are used for these reasons are
‘push’ and ‘pull’ factors. Push factors are those that make people want to leave an area, and include things such
as food shortages, drought or lack of employment opportunities. Pull factors are those that attract people to an
area, and can be the opposite of push factors. Key factors relate to the chance of a better quality of life,
particularly for the children of the potential migrants, or increased employment opportunities. However, not
everyone is lucky enough to have a choice about migration. Some people have no choice but to leave a country
and undergo forced migration. For example, those who seek asylum in another country may have been forced to
leave their home.
The text is retrieved and adapted from https://twig-bilim.kz/en/film/chinas-mass-migration

1. Choose the best headline for Paragraph 2.

A. The definition of migration.
B. The reasons of migration.
C. The types of migration
D. The difference between migration and tourism.
E. The effects of migration.

2. What is the opposite of forced?

A. enforced
B. permanent
C. temporary
D. compulsory
E. voluntary

3. Fill in the gap with the corresponding word.

Some migrations are _______, and others are voluntary.
A. illegal
B. seasonal
C. enforced
D. legal
E. internal

4. According to the text, push factors DON`T include…

A. better jobs
B. low wages
C. few jobs
D. drought
E. food shortages 

5. Mark the sentence with a modal verb.

A. Geographers have developed several theories of migration.
B. You may know people who have emigrated to another country.
C. Some people have no choice but to leave a country.
D. Geographers are interested in movements from rural to urban areas.
E. Pull factors are those that attract people to an area.