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Week 2

Lesson 1

Human migration
Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another. It is
usually from one country to another or one continent to another. Human
beings migrate in search of greener pastures. This could be in search of a
better job, better living conditions or education. Migration also involves
moving from one region to another in search of better grazing land for
animals. This was largely practiced by the early people who moved from
place to place in search of greener pastures for their livestock. The different
types of migration are explained below.

Types of migration
Internal migration: This is moving to a new home within an area or
province. This type happens within a country's borders. Families or individuals
that move from one town to another or one province to another are called
internal immigrants.
International migration: This is moving to a new home in a different
country or continent. People, families or individuals, who move from their
home country to a different country or continent, are international immigrants
and some refugees. Immigrants are both legal and illegal. Legal immigrants
are those who move with permission from both countries. Illegal immigrants
move without permission. Refugees are those who cross borders because of
fear of harassment.

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Causes of migration
There ore pull and push factors of migration. These are the causes of
migration.
Pull factors are those things that attract someone to a place.
Push factors are those things that force people to leave their places of
residence for other new places.

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Exercise 1
1. Study the two pictures above and answer the following questions.
a) Which area would you like to live? Give reasons for your choice.
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b) What might cause people to move from A to B?

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c) What really attracts people to Area B?

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2. Many people are moving from picture A to picture B. List the push and
pull factors of migration as shown by the pictures.
Pull factors Push factors
1
2
3
4

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Lesson 2

Effects of migration
Migration has both negative and positive effects. The following are some
effects of migration:
 Some migrants bring in new ideas for development to the new area.
 There is growth of shanty settlements in cities and on the outskirts of
major
 cities.
 There are inter marriages of different cultures. For example, whites
marry blacks or marriages among various ethnic groups such as
Ndebele, Sotho, Kalanga, Venda as well as Shona.
 Squatters are found in many places, which can cause outbreaks of
diseases because of the poor living conditions.
 Mixing of cultures and a development of new ones.
 Illegal street vendors ore found in corners of streets in towns
 Migration can cause educated people to go to other countries to find
better jobs and paid better salaries, this is called brain drain.
 Migration con lead to an increased crime rate in the country or area
people are migrating to.
 Migration can cause people to end up having two homes. At one time
they are at their old homes and at other times they are at their new
homes. Most workers in Zimbabwe live this way.

Solutions to migration
There are many solutions to migration and some are growth points,
resettlements, job creation, industry developments and strict migration laws.
Growth points help people stay in one place near their rural homes.
Resettling people helps them have permanent homes and reduces migrations.

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Creating jobs in rural areas where people live so that they do not leave their
homes is another solution to migration. Developing all areas so that people
enjoy living in their local homes. Rural areas can be developed through
improving infrastructure like roads, hospitals, schools as well as establishing
industries. Such a move would greatly assist in reducing rural - urban
migration.
More employment opportunities in the home country can also help reduce
immigration from country to country. Better living conditions low crime rate
better health facilities can all be solutions to migration.

Exercise 2
1. List three causes of migration
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2. State two types of migration

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3. Give three examples of effects of migration

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4. Pull factors are

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5. Development of growth points might be a solution to migration.
[True/False]
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