Migratio

n
The Contemporary World
IS MIGRATION
GOOD OR BAD?
MIGRATION
 Human migration, the permanent change of residence by an individual or
groups; it excludes such movement as nomadism, migrant labor, commuting,
and tourism, all of which are transitory in nature.
ACCORDING TO MCKINSEY GLOBAL
INSTITUTE
 Migration is a key feature of our increasingly interconnected world. It has also
become a flashpoint for debate in many countries, which underscores the
importance of understanding the patterns of global migration and the economic
impact that is created when people move across the world’s borders.
MIGRATION IS GLOBAL
 In 2005, 191 million people were counted as living outside the
country of their birth.
 The number of migrants worldwide has doubled since world war II.
 If they lived in the same place, international migrants would form
the 5th most populous country in the world.
TYPES OF MIGRATION
 Internal Migration – This refers to a change of residence within
national boundaries, such as between states, provinces, cities, or
municipalities.
 International Migration – This refers to change of residence over
national boundaries. An internal migrant is someone who moves to a
different country.
INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS ARE FURTHER
CLASSIFIED
 LEGAL IMMIGRANTS – are those who moved with the legal
permission of the receiver nation.
 ILLEGAS IMMIGRANTS – are those who moved without legal
permission
 REFUGEES – are those crossed an international boundary to escape
persecution.
TRENDS IN MIGRATION
 During colonial period (British period) millions of Indian laborers were sent to
countries such as Mauritious, Caribbean Islands, Fiji and South Africa by British
from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
 In the 20th century semi-skilled Indians migrated to the neighboring countries such
as Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei and African Countries as
artisans, traders and factory workers.
 In recent times, professional like doctors, engineers, software engineers,
management consultants, financial experts, media persons, migrated to countries
such as USA, Canada, UK, Australia, New Zealand and Germany, etc. These
professional are highly educated, the highest paid.
WHY DO PEOPLE MOVE FROM ONE AREA TO
ANOTHER

PUSH FACTOR PULL FACTOR

Reasons for Reasons why the

wanting to leave city seems
home region attractive
ECONOMIC CAUSE OF MIGRATION
 Migration in search of better economic conditions and employment.
 Urbanization (moving to the cities because of poor economic condition in rural
areas)
 Migration to escape overpopulation and its effects.
 Migration to the suburbs in order to secure better living conditions – especially
better school districts, less crowded living conditions.
 Migration to escape poor climate condition such as drought
 Migration to escape natural disasters.
POLITICAL CAUSES OF MIGRATION

 Migration as punishment for crimes committed.

 Migration as a result of enslavement.
 Force migration, with or without political agreement.
 Migration to escape war, invasion, military takeover, etc.
SOCIAL CAUSES OF MIGRATION
 Migration to spread a religion
 Migration to reunite with family, friends, etc. who have previously migrated
 Migration to spread a political philosophy, such as Marxism, democracy etc.
 Migration to find personal freedom, to live a certain lifestyle, or to hold certain
beliefs.
CONSEQUENCES OF MIGRATION

POSITIVE CONSEQUENCES
 The remittance sent by migrants to their homes help in the growth of
economy of the region. This money is mainly used by the family for
repayment of debts, medical treatment, marriages, children’s
education, purchasing agricultural inputs, construction of houses,
etc.
CONSEQUENCES OF MIGRATION

NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES
 Unregulated migration to the metropolitan has caused overcrowding.
 The under-development gets even worse due to out of migration of
skilled people.
ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES
 BRAIN DRAIN
ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES

 OVERCROWDING
SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES
 POSITIVE CONSEQUENCES
 Migrants act as agent of social change. The new ideas to new technologies
family planning girl’s education etc. gets spread from urban to rural areas
through them.
 Migration also leads to intermixing of people from diverse culture and results in
the evolution of composite culture.
 The mind set of people change. They start thinking broadly and the narrow
views changes.
SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES
 NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES
 It also causes anonymity which creates social vacuum and sense of dejection
among individuals.
 Continued feeling of defection may motivate people to fall in the trap of
antisocial activist like crime and drug abuse.
 Migration affects the women more. In the rural areas, male selective out
migration leaving their wives behind puts extra physical as well mental pressure
on the women which increases their vulnerability.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES

 Overcrowding of people due to rural-urban migration has put pressure

on the existing social and physical infrastructure in the urban areas.
 This ultimately leads to unplanned growth of urban settlement and
formation of slums shanty colonies.
 Apart from this, due to over-exploration of natural resources, cities are
facing the acute problem of depletion of ground water, air pollution,
and disposal of sewage and management of solid waste.
IS MIGRATION
GOOD OR BAD?