Cartography 4
Photogrammetry Computations III – Displacement and Photo Adjustments
1. On a photograph taken from a height of
1340m above the ground, a building has a
relief displacement that measures 5.54mm. If
the image of the top of the building is located
64.55mm from the principal point, determine
the height of the building.
2. An airplane flying at an altitude of 820m
above the ground took picture of a tower. The
image of the top and bottom of the tower
appears in the picture having distances of its
end of 2.08cm and 2.00cm from the center of
the photo.
a. Determine the height of the tower.
b. If the focal length of the camera is 150mm,
how far is the tower from the plane along
the horizontal?
3. An observation plane takes a photo of a
building from a height of 1200m above the
ground and the height of the building is
99.78m. If the top of building is located
54.50mm from the principal point, compute
for the relief displacement.
4. An airplane was at altitude 600m above the
sea level when it took pictures containing
towers A and B. The elevA(top) is 60m and
the elevB(top) is 90m. The ends of the two
images have distances from centroid of the
picture as follows:
XA = +7.11cm, YA = -3.05cm
XB = -3.55cm, YB = +8.89cm
If the focal length is 50cm. Determine the
distance between the two towers.
5. A vertical aerial photo is taken from a flying
height of 3657m above the datum. The origin
of the photograph coordinate system is at the
principal point ‘1’. If the measured
coordinates of the tower are XA = +67.75mm
and YA = +72.42mm. Determine the height of
the tower, if the relief displacement is
1.507mm.
RELOS
6. On a photograph taken at an observation
plane at an altitude of 2840m above the
datum, the distance from the principal point
to the image of the top of a tower is 8cm. If
the elevation of the top of the tower is 130m
above the datum determine the relief
displacement.
7. An airplane flying at an altitude of 1000m
above sea level took picture of a certain area.
A building appears in the picture as having a
distance of its ends of 6cm and 6.04cm.
Determine the height of the tower above sea
level and the horizontal distance of the tower
directly below the plane when the picture
was taken if the scale of the photo is 1:4000.
8. An aircraft flying at 700m above MSL took a
vertical photo of an area. A tower can be
spotted in the picture. This same tower has a
base elevation of 135m above MSL. From the
picture it can be measured that from the
principal point to the top of the tower is
175mm and relief displacement of 21mm.
a. What is the height of the tower?
b. If the distance of the tower is 270m from
the principal point, what is the focal
length of the camera used?
c. Determine the scale of the photograph of
the tower.
9. The relief displacement of a water tank
measured 6.2mm on a vertical aerial
photograph taken on an observation plane
from flying height of 1000m above the ground.
The radial distance from the center of the
photograph to the displaced image of the top
of the tower is 80mm, compute the height of
the water tank and its horizontal distance
directly below the plane. The focal length of
the camera used is 200mm.
GE 2022 Page 1 of 2
Cartography 4
Photogrammetry Computations III – Displacement and Photo Adjustments
10. _______ is the optical or geometric center of
the photograph. It is the image of the
intersection between the projection of the
optical axis (i.e., the perpendicular to the
center of the lens) and the ground.
11. _______, also called vertical point or plumb
point, is the image of the intersection
between the plumb line directly beneath the
camera center at the time of exposure and
the ground.
12. _______ is the point halfway between the
principal point and the nadir and on the line
segment joining these two points on the
photograph.
13. Suppose that the calibrated distances
between the fiducial marks on the camera are
23.25 cm along x-axis and 23.30 cm along y-
axis. The corresponding distances measured
on a photographic print from the same
camera are 23.33 cm and 23.36 cm. If the
photocoordinates, x and y, of a point
measured on the print are 8.15 cm and 11.04
cm, what are the corrected photocoordinates
of the point.
14. Suppose that an airplane was flying 3000
meters (9840 feet) above the ground at 500
kilometers (about 310 miles) per hour .
Suppose also that the camera was taking
photographs with a 305-mm (12-in.) focal
length camera lens and a shutter speed of
1/40th of a second (0.025 s). What would be
the image motion?
15. Suppose this time that an aircraft was flying
at a speed of 450 km (about 280 miles) per
hour and taking photographs with a shutter
speed of 1/125th of a second using a focal
length of 152.4 mm (6-in.). What should be
the flying altitude of the aircraft above the
ground to assure the acceptable image
motion of 0.05 mm (0.002 in) on the
photographs?
RELOS
16. Assume that the optical axis of a camera was
3o from the vertical when taking a photograph
with a 152.4-mm focal length. What will the
distance between the nadir and photo center
be on the photograph. What is the
corresponding distance on the ground if the
aircraft were flying at 3500 m above the
datum?
17. A 209-mm (8¼-in.) focal length camera was
used on an aircraft flying at 8,000 m (26240
ft) above the mean sea level (MSL) to take a
photograph of an object 1,500 m (4920 ft)
above MSL. The tilt on the photograph was
found to be 3o. What is the photographic
scale at:
a. the isocenter (assumed to coincide
with the principal point) of the
photograph,
b. 15 cm (5.9 in.) from the principal point
on the upper side of tilt, and
c. 15 cm (5.9 in.) from the principal point
on the lower side of tilt.
18. An aircraft was flying 3500 m above mean sea
level with a swing angle of 250o. A 152.4-mm
focal length camera tilted at 2.9o from the
vertical was used to take photographs. Two
points a and b were identified on a
photograph and their ground elevations were
determined from a topographic map as hA =
100 m and hB = 300 m. From the
photocoordinate system defined by the lines
connecting opposite fiducial marks on the
photograph, the photocoordinates of the two
points were measured to be: xa = 7.15
cm, ya = 2.10 cm, xb = 6.53 cm, and yb = 3.94
cm. Find the coordinates of the corresponding
points A and B on the ground and the length
of line AB.
GE 2022 Page 2 of 2