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by LJ - March 1, 2018

ABRIEFTIMELINEOFTHEEnglishisnotoriousforitsoddspellings

ENGLISH
andpronunciations.Knowingaboutafew
keyeventswillhelpyouunderstandwhy.
Englishisahodgepodgeofmanylanguages!

LANGUAGE
c.500B.C.
TheCeltsbegintocolonizeBritain.
WordsofCelticorigininmodern
English:bog,clan,crag,glen,pet,
slew,slogan,trousers
c.450
GermanicAnglo-Saxontribes
begintoinhabitBritishIsles,and
theEnglishlanguageisborn!
WordsofAnglo-Saxonoriginin
modernEnglish:arm,dark,
forgive,house,laugh,man,pillow,
read,strong.town,woman,vear
792
Britainfirstundergoesraidsfrom
theVikings,givingEnglishwords
fromOldNorse:bull,club,law,
ransack,reindeer,slaughter,wing
c.1350-1500
TheGreatVowelShift.
c.6000B.C.
TheEnglishChannelisformed,
cuttingofftheBritishIslesfrom
mainlandEurope.
Tatafornow!
55B.C.
FirstRomaninvasionofBritain.
RomeendsupoccupyingBritain
forabout500years.
c.450-480
EarliestOldEnglishinscriptions.
597
TheAnglo-Saxonsstart
convertingtoChristianity,and
Englishstartsadoptingnew
wordsfromLatin,suchas:
angel,candle,hymn,lobster,
martyr,plant,noon,school,sock
1066
TheNormanConquest.
WilliamtheConquerorinvades
Britain,andBritain'snobility
speaksFrenchforover300years.
Thisisthemostsignificant
Seventmameeranton

Thepronunciationoflongvowel swavfromOldEnglish.

soundschangesinEnglish.
WordstoEnglishfromFrench:
c.1590 aisle,beef,castle,cloak,dragon,
judge,market,music,perform,
WilliamShakespearebeginswriting
scarlet,tax,trumpet,villain,war
plays.Shakespearecoinsalmost
2,000newwordsinEnglish,like:
)1607
anchovy,domineering,gloomy,
Jamestownbecomesthefirst
investment,luggage,rant,stealthy
permanentEnglishsettlementin
1755 theAmericas.Britainwouldgoon
SamuelJohnsonpublisheshis ocreatesevementtheworld
DictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage, over,andeachareawouldmake
whichbecomesthefirstwidelyused itsowncontributionstoEnglish.
bookofitskind.Dr.lohnsonis
Afewexamplesare:avatar(from
responsibleformanyspellingsin
India),kangaroo(fromAustralia),
modernEnglish. zombie(fromWestAfrica)

2015
TheOxfordEnglishDictionary
honorsanemojiasits LISH
WordoftheYear.
NEXTSTEPENG

www.nexstependlish.com

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