Introduction to

Cloud Computing
Principles of Parallel and Distributed Computing

A S S T. P R O F. H A R S H K A N TA W A L A

C O M P U T E R E N G I N E E R I N G D E P T,

G . H . P AT E L C O L L E G E O F E N G I N E E R I N G & T E C H N O L O G Y harshkantawala@gcet.ac.in
Introduction
❑ Cloud Refers to a network or the internet.

❑ It is a technology that uses remote servers on the internet.

❑ Use to store, manage, and access data online rather than local drives.

❑ Data can be anything such as files, images, documents, audio, video, and more.

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Introduction
❑ An alternative to the on-premises data center.

❑ In an on-premises data center, we have to manage everything.

❑ Such as purchasing and installing hardware, virtualization, installing the operating system, and
any other required applications, setting up the network, configuring the firewall, and setting up
storage for data.

❑ After doing all the set-up, we become responsible for maintaining it through its entire lifecycle.

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Introduction
❑ If we choose Cloud Computing, a cloud vendor is responsible for the hardware purchase and
maintenance.
❑ They also provide a wide variety of software and platform as a service.
❑ We can take any required services on rent.
❑ The cloud computing services will be charged based on usage.
❑ 1999, Salesforce.com started delivering of applications.
❑ 2002, Amazon started Amazon Web Services, providing services like storage, computation and even
human intelligence.
❑ 2009, Google Apps also started to provide cloud computing enterprise applications.

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Cloud Computing Architecture
❑ Technology is used by both small and large organizations to store the information in cloud and
access it from anywhere at anytime using the internet connection.

❑ Cloud computing architecture is divided into the following two parts -

▪ Front End

▪ Back End

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Cloud Computing Architecture
❑ Front End

▪ Used by the client

▪ Contains client-side interfaces and applications that are required to access the cloud
computing platforms

▪ Includes web servers (including Chrome, Firefox, internet explorer, etc.), tablets and mobile
devices

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Cloud Computing Architecture
❑ Back End

▪ Used by the service provider

▪ Manages all the resources that are required to provide cloud computing services.

▪ Includes a huge amount of data storage, security mechanism, virtual machines, deploying
models, servers, traffic control mechanisms, etc.

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Components of Cloud Computing
Architecture
❑ Client Infrastructure: Front end component, provides GUI to interact with the cloud
❑ Application: Any software or platform that a client wants to access
❑ Service: Manages that which type of service you access according to the client’s requirement
❑ Runtime Cloud: Provides the execution and runtime environment to the virtual machines
❑ Storage: Provides a huge amount of storage capacity in the cloud
❑ Infrastructure: Provides services on the host level, application level, and network level
❑ Management: To manage components such as application, service, runtime cloud, storage,
infrastructure, and other security issues
❑ Security: in-built back end component

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Working of Cloud Computing

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Types of Cloud

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Public cloud
❑ Cloud environments typically created from IT infrastructure

❑ Not owned by the end user

❑ Today's public cloud providers have started offering cloud services on clients’ on-premise data
centers

❑ Google Cloud, IBM Cloud, and Microsoft Azure

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Private Cloud
❑ Also known as an internal cloud or corporate cloud.

❑ Used by organizations to build and manage their own data centers internally or by the third
party.

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Hybrid Cloud
❑ A hybrid cloud is a seemingly single IT environment created from multiple environments
connected through local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs) and virtual private
networks (VPNs).

❑ A hybrid cloud may need to include:

▪ At least one private cloud and at least one public cloud

▪ Two or more private clouds

▪ Two or more public clouds

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Community Cloud
❑ Community cloud allows systems and services to be accessible by a group of several
organizations to share the information between the organization and a specific community.

❑ It is owned, managed, and operated by one or more organizations in the community, a third
party, or a combination of them.

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Different Cloud
Parameter Public Cloud Private Cloud Hybrid Cloud Community Cloud

Enterprise Enterprise Community

Host Service provider
(Third party) (Third party) (Third party)
Community
Users General public Selected users Selected users
members

Access Internet Internet, VPN Internet, VPN Internet, VPN

Owner Service provider Enterprise Enterprise Community

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Operations on cloud computing
❑ Developing new applications and services

❑ Storage, back up, and recovery of data

❑ Hosting blogs and websites

❑ Delivery of software on demand

❑ Analysis of data

❑ Streaming videos and audios

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Characteristics of Cloud Computing
❑ Agility: works in a distributed computing environment, shares resources among users and
works very fast.

❑ High availability and reliability: The availability of servers is high and more reliable because
the chances of infrastructure failure are minimum.

❑ Multi-Sharing: Multiple users and applications can work more efficiently.

❑ Maintenance : No need to install on each user's computer and can be accessed from different
place.

❑ Low Cost: IT company need not to set its own infrastructure, pay-as-per usage of resources.

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Cloud Computing Applications
❑ Cloud service providers provide various applications in the field of art, business, data storage
and backup services, education, entertainment, management, social networking, etc

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Cloud Computing Applications
❑ Art Applications: Cloud computing offers various art applications for quickly and easily design
attractive cards, booklets, and images. Some most commonly used cloud art applications are:
Moo, Vistaprint, Adobe Creative Cloud

❑ Business Applications: Business applications are based on cloud service providers. Today,
every organization requires the cloud business application to grow their business. It also
ensures that business applications are 24*7 available to users. Applications are: : Salesforce,
PayPal.

❑ Data Storage and Backup Applications: Cloud computing allows us to store information (data,
files, images, audios, and videos) on the cloud and access this information using an internet
connection. Applications are: Mozy, Google G Suite

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Cloud Computing Applications
❑ Education Applications: Cloud computing in the education sector becomes very popular. It
offers various online distance learning platforms and student information portals to the
students. Applications are: Google Apps for Education, ablets with Google Play for Education

❑ Entertainment Applications: Entertainment industries use a multi-cloud strategy to interact

with the target audience. Applications are: Online games, Video Conferencing Apps

❑ Management Applications: Cloud computing offers various cloud management tools which
help admins to manage all types of cloud activities, such as resource deployment, data
integration, and disaster recovery. Applications like GoToMeeting.

❑ Social Applications

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Client/Server computing
❑ Centralized storage in which all the software applications, all the data and all the controls are
resided on the server side.

❑ If a single user wants to access specific data or run a program, he/she need to connect to the
server and then gain appropriate access, and then he/she can do his/her business.

❑ Then after, distributed computing came into picture, where all the computers are networked
together and share their resources when needed.

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Sequential Computing
❑ Computing where one instruction is given at a particular time and the next instruction has to
wait for the first instruction to execute.

❑ Also known as a traditional computing method because all the instructions are executed in a
sequence.

❑ Single processor with low performance and high work-load of the processor.

❑ Taking more time.

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Parallel Computing
❑ In parallel computing multiple processors performs multiple tasks assigned to them
simultaneously.

❑ Memory in parallel systems can either be shared or distributed. Parallel computing provides
concurrency and saves time and money.

❑ It’s accomplished by multiple CPUs communication via shared memory, which combines
results upon completion.

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Parallel Computing
❑ Advantages
▪ It saves time and money: many resources working together cut down on time and costs.
▪ Easy to resolve larger problems.
▪ Can do many things at once using many computing resources.
❑ Disadvantages
▪ The multi-core architectures consume a lot of power.
▪ Parallel solutions are more difficult to implement, debug, and prove right due to the complexity
of communication and coordination, and they frequently perform worse than their serial
equivalents.

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Types of Parallel Computing
❑ Bit-level parallelism:
▪ It is the form of parallel computing which is based on the increasing processor’s size.
▪ It reduces the number of instructions that the system must execute in order to perform a
task on large-sized data.
❑ Instruction-level parallelism
▪ In a single CPU clock cycle, the processor decides in instruction-level parallelism how many
instructions are implemented at the same time.
▪ For each clock cycle phase, a processor in instruction-level parallelism can have the ability
to address that is less than one instruction.

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Types of Parallel Computing
❑ Task Parallelism:

▪ Task parallelism is the form of parallelism in which the tasks are decomposed into
subtasks.

▪ Then, each subtask is allocated for execution. And, the execution of subtasks is performed
concurrently by processors.

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Applications of Parallel Computing
❑ One of the primary applications of parallel computing is Databases and Data mining.

❑ The real-time simulation of systems is another use of parallel computing.

❑ The technologies, such as Networked videos and Multimedia.

❑ Science and Engineering.

❑ Collaborative work environments.

❑ The concept of parallel computing is used by augmented reality, advanced graphics, and
virtual reality.

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Sequential v/s Parallel Computing
Sequential Computing Parallel Computing

All the instructions are executed in a sequence, one

All the instructions are executed parallelly.
at a time.

It has a single processor. It is having multiple processors.

It has high performance and the workload of the processor

It has low performance and the workload of the
is low because multiple processors are working
processor is high due to the single processor.
simultaneously.

Bit-by-bit format is used for data transfer. Data transfers are in bytes.

It requires more time to complete the whole

It requires less time to complete the whole process.
process.

Cost is low Cost is high

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Distributed Computing
❑ Distributed computing is the method of making multiple computers work together to solve a
common problem. It makes a computer network appear as a powerful single computer that
provides large-scale resources to deal with complex challenges.

❑ It comprises several software components that reside on different systems but operate as a
single system. A distributed system's computers can be physically close together and linked by
a local network or geographically distant and linked by a wide area network (WAN).

❑ A distributed system can be made up of any number of different configurations, such as

mainframes, PCs, workstations, and minicomputers.

❑ The main aim of distributed computing is to make a network work as a single computer.

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Distributed Computing
❑ Distributed computing contains the following three types of machines:

▪ Control Node: It is a group of server which administrates the whole network.

▪ Provider: It is a computer which contributes its resources in the network resource pool.

▪ User: It is a computer which uses the resources on the network.

❑ Distributed computing is used in the ATMs, back-end infrastructures, and marketing research.

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Distributed Computing

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Distributed Computing
❑ Advantages
▪ It is flexible, making it simple to install, use, and debug new services.
▪ In distributed computing, you may add multiple machines as required.
▪ If the system crashes on one server, that doesn't affect other servers.
❑ Disadvantages
▪ Data security and sharing are the main issues in distributed systems due to the features of open
systems
▪ Because of the distribution across multiple servers, troubleshooting and diagnostics are more
challenging.

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Parallel v/s Distributed Computing
Features Parallel Computing Distributed Computing

Components are located on various networked

Definition Processes runs simultaneously.
systems.
The processors communicate with one The computer systems connect with one another
Communication
another via a bus. via a network.
Several processors execute various tasks Several computers execute tasks
Functionality
simultaneously in parallel computing. simultaneously.

Number of Computers It occurs in a single computer system. It involves various computers.

The system may have distributed or shared Each computer system in distributed computing
Memory
memory. has its own memory.
It helps to improve the system It allows for scalability, resource sharing, and the
Usage
performance efficient completion of computation tasks.

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 Thank You…

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