In the domain of cognition, adults/parents can get teenagers involved in discussing behavioural rules

and consequences. Adolescents should take on more responsibility in shaping how they should behave
Advanced reasoning skills make it easier for them to create accurate consequences for their actions
Talking to teens about their views and being open to the discussion ,hence this essay will describe the
problems experienced adolescents and the interventions that the community at large can put in
place to help them.

Furthermore ,find out what they think about current news headlines and discussing with them their
political and spiritual beliefs. Teenagers are already thinking about these things so it is important to
not pass judgement but give them an open forum for discussing them.Psychosocially teens should be
encouraged to be involved in numerous groups or events both within school and after-school .

On the other hand ,Adults/parents should be prepared to realise that teens are trying to gain a sense of
achievement a sense of being exclusively good at something .Adults/parents need to refrain from
getting frustrated as adolescents frequently change their minds. Adults/parents should inspire the teen
to stick with a project long enough to generate some skills.

In addition ,Adults/parents can help teens explore career goals and options by taking teens to work so
they can see what adults do. Perhaps they can initiate thought on the teen’s future by asking them
questions about their career goals .It is important to continue providing a structured home atmosphere.
Teens should be permitted to have further independence, but not enough to place them in jeopardy.
Despite their grievances, teens rely on adults to provide them with safety and structure as they deal
effectively with all the psychosocial tasks of adolescents .

In addition ,Adolescence can be a period of great frustration both to the individual and parental
figures. It tends to be a period of rebellion against adult authority figures in the search for personal
identity. With adolescent bodies and minds going through rapidly changing phases the threats to the
adolescent well-being can be overwhelming. Understanding the environmental influences on physical,
cognitive and psychosocial development for both the adolescent and parent can help the transition
from childhood to adulthood a little smoother.

However ,Adolescence represents a period of intensive growth and change in nearly all aspects of a
childs physical, mental, social and emotional life. Adolescence has been described by Hall(2005) as
‘the period of storm and stress of human life’. It is a very crucial period of one’s life which covers
roughly from 10-20+ years. The most important fact about adolescence is that it is a period of
transition from childhood to adulthood. Transition from one period to another always is associated
with some problems. Adolescence is not an exception and it is also associated with some problems. 

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Adolescence can be classified in three stages: Early adolescence ( 10-14 years old),Mid adolescence
( 15-19 years old),Late adolescence ( 20-24 years old).In this transitional period, the child reaches a
degree of maturation. It could be pre, during or post. During puberty, the adolescent undergoes
physical, mental, moral, spiritual, sexual and social changes. This is the time where they discover the
physical changes in their bodies. Physical growth is one of the biggest changes in the teenage years.
But there are also huge changes in ways of thinking, relationships and sense of identity. These can
take longer to complete.

Furthermore ,dealing with body changes,the amazing hormonal and physical changes of adolescence
are a challenging experience. Teenagers often become self-conscious or private about their bodies.
They become aware of their sexuality, and this starts to show in their relationships with others.Intense
friendships Friendships become more important and more intense for adolescents. Teenagers can have
a huge desire for lots of contact with friends. They may want to be on the phone or Facebook with
their friends all night, for example, even when they have seen them all day. Pulling away from parents
and towards friends is a normal, healthy part of psychological development in adolescence.

In addition , thinking for themselves Adolescents start to form their own opinions and views. They
may not be the same as yours. They may express disagreement and anger at you as they try to work
out what they think about things. It can be a shock for parents to have their son or daughter speaking
their own mind and challenging parents’ views, but it is a normal part of adolescent development.

Moreover , Critical of familyAs they learn to think for themselves, young people may decide there are
aspects of their upbringing they do not like. Often they are wrong or hurtful in what they say about
family life while they are going through this phase of separation. Sometimes, however, what they say
may have some truth, and this can cause conflict or hurt.

Furthermore , Experimenting,young people experiment with different identities. They will often try on
“different hats” to see which one best fits. They try out different styles in hair and clothes, taste in
music and other ‘identities’. They take up new activities and drop old favourites. They may change
friends. Experimenting may involve risky behaviour like drug use, alcoholic drinks or inappropriate
sexual activity. Risk taking behaviour is part of adolescence, but some of these behaviours may be
unsafe and/or not okay.

In addition ,Parents need to do what they can to help their young people keep safe.On the other
hand ,Shutting parents out Adolescence is a time of many changes; strong feelings and mood swings
are common. When your children were little, they came to you for comfort or help at these times.
Now they may try to deal with these feelings by themselves, or turn to friends for support. It can be
especially hard for parents when they feel shut out and unable to help.

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Furthermore , self absorption Adolescents are working hard to develop themselves as individuals.
This may lead them to be quite self-absorbed. By adult standards they can be selfish and inconsiderate
– but they should not be judged by adult standards, on the other hand ,AngerIn trying to transform
parent-child relationships, and manage lots of changes and challenges, young people can experience a
lot of anger. Anger is a necessary and healthy human feeling: it lets you know when something is not
right and helps you strengthen yourself. But anger needs to be expressed in a safe and useful way –
without violence.

Moreover ,Changing relationships with parents ,in addition to learning to know themselves,
adolescents also need to move from childhood, when their parents controlled most of their behavior,
to adulthood, where they will be responsible for themselves. To do so, they need to be able to make
their own decisions and face the consequences. It is during this struggle for identity and autonomy
that many teenagers and their parents experience increased conflict.I believe that for teachers to
effectively teach and understand students, the need to identify developmental behavior is a necessity.

However ,Adolescents are faced with various challenges ,the developmental challenges faced by my
students are;Physical development ,due to these changes, the adolescent becomes conscious of the
physical body changes taking place. They are worried about their looks due to manifested physical
changes and also fear about the opinion and the reactions of their peers and adults.

In addition ,Children tend to show variation in entering the puberty growth spurt. Some children attain
puberty earlier and some lag behind. There are various reasons for this such as nutrition, heredity and
environment.These differences mean that some individuals who may have first entered puberty may
mature before others of the same age. The early mature begin to feel uncomfortable among the peers
and late mature are also worried about their identity in the group. If a child lags behind then he tends
to be bullied by his peers and is treated as a small child by his clan.

However ,that a majority of my students are often extremely sensitive and perceptive about their own
physical appearance and that of their friends. The discrepancies between their less than perfect self-
images and the glossy ideals that they are supposed to emulate are a real source of anxiety.For
instance ,hence at school level, physical education is compulsory. There is also monthly medical
check-up for the form 3 students. Management also has included “Zumba” classes for the girls and
there also activities like Martial Arts, Educational Boxing and Archery for both boys and girls during
their activity classes. And there are a number of students who have been awarded medals at national
level in the respective disciplines.

In addition ,Social development;During adolescence individuals face a crisis of identity and role
confusion. They pay great attention on how other people view them. They experiment with roles.
They attempt to find out what kind of person they are and they adapt the characteristics of other
people to see if their characteristics fit them.Adolescent behaviour is characterised by egocentrism

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and autonomy. The physical changes coupled with the new thinking abilities, make them over
conscious and they tend to become self-centered. As the adolescents begin to socialize, they desire
autonomy that should be emotional, behavioural and of values.

Moreover It is a period of social development and adjustment. In this stage, the child enters a new
field of social responsibilities. The adolescents become socially conscious, self-assertive and loyal
towards their group; they develop co-operation and friendship and become responsible.As such at
school levels excursions and field trips are organized. These lead to informal conversations and close
contact between members of the group. Group games, debates, seminars and conference are also
organised. These help the adolescents participate in social activities.

Nevertheless ,socio-economic conditions, social interests of every adolescent and organise various
activities accordingly.They should be entrusted with jobs of responsibility at home and at school as
they grow-up. Self development has been introduced in school to develop a feeling of responsibility
among the adolescents.Emotional development

In addition traditionally, adolescence has been thought of as a period of heightened emotionality

resulting from glandular and other changes. The heightening is characterized by high degree of
instability. The adolescents also develop dependency and sometime independency. They also develop
some special feelings like – pride, humility, curiosity, guilt, hero- worshipping. All these emotions
must be properly guided and they should be provided knowledge to control their emotions at this
stage.

However ,Parents and teachers must be able to redirect the emotions of the adolescents in a proper
manner. The adolescent must be able to control his emotions and also to repress those emotions which
are not socially acceptable.Most of the adolescents accept problems of life in a negative way. They
are afraid of facing difficult situations in life. Parents and teachers should encourage the adolescents
and point out some of their plus points. They may also suggest means and methods of achieving
success. This will restore the self-confidence of the adolescents.

In addition ,it should be brought into the notice of the adolescent that life is a mixture of failure and
success and he must build a power of resistance to face failure in life.The adolescent has to face a
large number of problems at this stage. As such, proper guidance and counseling should be provided
by parents, teachers and school guidance counselor.Parents and teachers should treat the adolescent
well. They should give him freedom of action within limit. The adolescent should be kept busy with
various activities.

In conclusion ,counselors should try to develop maturity of thinking within the child. The adolescent
must be allowed to discuss their emotional problems with their parents and teachers. And they must

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be provided enough scope to take part in different activities in school.The teacher should try to find
out those students who are emotionally disturbed.