sa UNTIL Words pronunciation tip om ‘The most important thing you can learn from a dictionary about pronouncing words is which syllable to stress strongly. Learn By Listening 1: Prefixes and suffixes ‘Some longer English words fall into patterns, Learning the intonation of these patterns can help you predict stress when you find a similar word and can make the pronunciation of longer words more natural. ‘The following chart shows worés with prefixes (syllables at the beginnings of words) and suffixes (syllables at the ends of wort) 1, Listen to the words and discover the patterns. Draw a dot over the stressed syllables. 2, Replay the tape many times. Say the words along with the speaker until the pattern becomes automatic, Move your hands and lean forward slightly as you say the stressed syllable. Can you think of more words for each patter? Suffixes Pattern 1 Where is the stress? On the suffix? Before the suffix? On which syllable? How ere the -ary words diferent from the others? 1, -sion-tion 2. ic -ical 3. ian 4 cay decision magic Cambodian secretary occasion Alantic Indian voluntary inflation identical Colombian vocabulary preposition symmetrical technician contemporaryCHAPTER 4 More Intonation Patterns: More Words 59 5. ogy 6 iy iD psychology reality biology minority ecology possibility 9. -graphy 10. cian (Shea) 1 photography physician oceanography —_optioian geography mortician al 8 dental accidental developmental ial (ha) 12, commercial official financial jum imum aquarium auditorium maximum -able -ible memorable dependabie sensible guideline The suffixis not stressed in Pattern I words, Examples: aTOMic populArity anthroPoLogy satistxction Pattem it Whereis the stress? On the suffix? Before the suffix? On winich syllable? Le 2 ese 3, seer 4, igue 5. ete employee Vietnamese pioneer unigue cassette tnustoe Japanese auctioneer antique marionette refugee Chinese career physique —_—_cigarette guideline Stress the suffixes in the Pattern It words, Examples: treiNEE volunTeER techNiOUE Oy Prefixes Is the stress on the prefix? Lun 2 im 3. pre 4 ex mis. unhealthy Smtolerant prevent explain isplace unwise insufficient prefer expose mistake unnecessary indifferent — predict «~—=—sexperience —misrepresent guideline Prefixes are not usually stressed in English. Examples: atTRACT preTEND misLEAD6 UNIT Words pronunciation tip [Ai pronunciation guidelines in English have exceptions! Examples of common words that do not follow the above peters: corre TELevision aniTHmetic Naturalize Penmeate ‘Some words have two pronunciations: Employee can be emPovee or employtt Learn By Listening 2: Related Words 4. Liston and repeat the related words Iisted across the following chart vatil they become natural Adjective + (aDly = Base Word Related Noun AdverbVerb 4, Nation nationALity National + y Nationalize 2, psyehe psyCHOLogy, __psychoLOGical tly psyCHOLogize psyCHOLogist 3. eCONomy —_ecoNOMics, ecoNOMical + 3y economize eCoNomist 4, S¥Mpathy —-SY¥Mpathies sympaTHEtie + ally SYMpathize 2, Then say the following related words. Monitor for the stressed syllable 5. Beit edi TORiel edi TORIal + ly ediTORialize 6. aSTRONomy @STRONomer ——_astroNOMical + ly 7, POtograph —phoTOgrapher—_-photoGRAphic + ally PHOtograpb 8, MAGnet MAGnetism maghtic + ally MAGnetize Suggestion: 1.ook in a dictionary to discover more groups of related words. Notice ‘the parts of speech for each set. b, Partner Practice: Predict the stress Look atthe word lists with prefixes and suflixes on pages 58 and 59. Predict the pronunciation of the words inthe following phrases, Draw a dot over the stressed syllables, Compare answers with your partner Example identification ausabie cessenie «Lebanese engineer enormous populsrity Peruvian refugee “Japanese antiques magnetic personality maximum security indifferent majority _—financial possibilities62 UNITE Words Descriptive Phrases om Learn By Listening 3 Jn chapter 3 you Teamed the pattern for pronourieing compound nouns. Now you will Team the pattern for descriptive phrases. Descriptive phrases are two-word combinations with the stress on the last word. 4. Listen and repeat the phrases, Where is the focus? WALKing SLOWIy @RAINy DAY APple PIE COlor COPies SOFT PILIow 2. Conirast the above descriptive phrases with compound nouns, Notice the diffecence in focus and intonation. Replay the tape until you can say the phrases with the speaker. WALKing SLOWly WALKing SHOES COler COPies COlor BLIND a RAINy DAY a RAINCOAT SOFT PILlow SOFTWARE APple PIE APple JUICE d. Improve Your Monitoring: Two-word combinations Listen to the two-word combinations, For each combination, decide if you hear the pattern for a descriptive phrase or @ compound non, Which word gets more sess? Compound Descriptive Noun Phrase Examples applesauce 1 ate some applesauce, pee apple pie Tate some apple pie. ae 1. a ftesh bread Here is the fresh bread. a b. French bread Here is the French bread. fee 2. a sleeping beer I saw e sleeping bees. uss b. sleeping bag [saw a sleeping bag, ae 3, a. orangejuice I'd like some orange juice. = —— b. orange sherbet Pd like some orange sherbet, 4, & ‘fresbeream went some fresh cream. aenast b. ive cream T want some ice cream. aie 5, a, space shuttle Let's wait for the space shuttle, b. lastshuttle Let's wait for the last shuttle, = 6. a. golfcourse We metat the golf course. pa HUME EV te eI EL I bnew course ‘It was a new course. aCHAPTER'4 More Intonation Pattoms: More Words 63 Partner Practice: Finish the descriptive phrases ‘The frst sentence in each pair ends with a compound noun. The other ends with a © gescriptive phrase, ‘The focus and the intonation should sound different 4 Add an adjective.of your choice to complete the descriptive phrase Example Tbcught a SWEATSHIRT. Thought a greens SHIRT. (other choices: blue, new, striped, silk) ‘Compounel Nouns Descriptive Phrases 1, [bought some SUNGLASSes. 1. Thought some GLASses. 2. ‘They went on a BUS RIDE. 2, They went ona RIDE. 3, Here’s some toMAvo JUICE. 3. Here's some ICE. 4, [made a PHONE CALL. 4, Tmade a CALL. 5, Like your TENnis SHOES. +5, like your SHOES, 6. John gave mea COOKBOOK. —«6._Tobn gave mea BOOK. “Partner A says the sentence with the compound noun, Parser B says the sentence with the descriptive phrase. Take turns. Remember to glide or step down ja pitch “sat the end of each sentence. "Partner Practice: Compound nouns ‘and descriptive: Parner A asks either (a) or (b) Partner B answers. The focus words are shown in = bold type. Examples A: Where do you like o sleep? jing DARK ROOM. B: Where is he developing the pictures? in the DARKROOM? 1. a What are you doing with the CHALK? writing on the BLACKBOARD What ace you using to build the BOOKCASE? a BLACK BOARD ‘What's the fastest ROUTE? “What is the CHEAPest way to GET there? the FREEWAY, a free WAY with no CHARGE.om 64 UNIT Words 3. a Whotare you doing with the Water? Giving « drink 10 the hor DOG. b. What do you want for LUNCH? a HOT DOG and a cold DRINK. 4. a. Where does the U.S, PRESident ive? In the WHITE HOUSE. b. Where do you LIVE? In the WHITE HOUSE. 5, 2, Where does your rich UNele live? _He lives on a RBAL eSTATE. b. What kind of WORK does he do? «He sells REAL eSTATE. 6. a Why are you LATE? I made a SHORT STOP on the WAY. b. Does Jason play BASEBALL? Yes, he plays SHORTSTOP. 7. a. Where did you grow the PLANTS? —_‘Jn a GREENHOUSE. b, Where does your COUsin live? In the GREEN HOUSE. You cat’ tell from looking whether two words that go together should sound Tike @ ‘compound noun or a descriptive phrase. You have to listen, You might think that the following phrases are compound nouns. In reality, the intonation and the stress sound like desciiptve phrases or names, not like compound nouns. for Your 5: to0d fiction iced tea instant coffee clock radio frozen yogurt infermesen (274900 scence fin fed tea instantcafiee dock radio yoou Historically words can change. Some of these phrases may sound like compound nouns in the future, Phrasal Verbs Phrasal verbs have two words that are pronounced as @ unit. Turn on, Pull over, The first word is a verb, The second word is called the particle. (A particle is a very small piece, a fragment.) Ina phrasal verb the particle is usually en adverb or a preposition that comes after the verb. Examples Pot ON yourbet, Clean UP the mess, ‘Take OFF your shoes.O CHAPTER 4 More Intonation Patlorne: More Worde 65: Learti By Listeniig 4: Coritrast phrasal verbs and conipound nouns 1, Listen and compere the stress and intonation of the phrasal verbs and the compouncl rious below. Underline the stressed words. Phrasal Verbs | Compound Nouns work out =. workout @rop out, dropout print out printout cover up cover-up nun off runoff tear off tear-off 2: Sometimes the particle can be separated from the verb. Examples Take it aWAY. Put them DOWN. Print it OUT, Clean it UP. ‘Tum it ON, figure outthe guideline Circle the answer Ja phrasal verbs, the (verb+ particle) gets the strong stross. g: Paftrier Practice! Phrasal verbs and comipoiitid nouns Partner A says either (a), the compound noun, or (b), the phrasal verb from each pair. Partner B says the matching sentence. Example A: WORKOUT —_ B: How did the plan werk out? 1. a WORKouT ‘That was quite a workout 6. WORK OUT How did the plan work out? 2. & DROPOUT He's a college dropout b. DROP OUT Did he drop out of the race? 3. a PRINTOUT ‘The ink on the printout is faded, b. PRINTOUT need to print out some extra copies. 4.8 ‘The eriminals were involved in a cover-up. b cover UP Please cover up the baby. 5, a RUNOFF ‘The nunoff is from the melting snow. b, RUN OFF ‘The thief tried to run off with my wallet 6 a TEAROFF ‘There is a tear-off atthe bottom of the page. b. TEAR OFF Don’t tear off the label.