Numerical Investigation of the Thermocapillary Migration of a Water Droplet in a Microchannel by Applying Heat Source “Thanh-Lang Le", Jyh-Chen Chen, Huy-Bich Nguyen? "acalty of Mechanical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh University of Technology (HCMUT), VNU-HCM, Vietnam Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Jbongl 320, Taiwan °aculty of Engineering and Technology, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Mini City, Vietnam “Key Laboratory of Digital Control and System Engineering, HCMUT (DCSELAB), Vietnam ABSTRACT In this study, the numerical computation is used to investigate the transient thermocapillary migration of a water ‘droplet in a microchannel. Fo tracking the evolution of the free interface between two immiscible fluids, we employed the finite element method with the two-phase level set technique to solve the Navier-Stokes equations coupled with the energy equation. Both the upper wall andthe bottom wall of the microchannel are se to bean ambient temperature, -40mW heat source is placed at the distance of | mm fom the inital position of a water droplet. When the heat source js tumed on, a pait of asymmetric thermocapillary convection vortices is formed inside the droplet and the thermocapillary on the receding side is smaller than that on the advancing side. The temperature gradient inside the @ Where ont is the surface tension at the reference temperature Tucand yr = ~°%p isthe oefient of the surface-tension, ‘The boundary conditions forthe flow and temperature fields are given by P 0; Haig ate=Oandx=W, T= Tar HO 90> 0y and ‘on > Ok, OACos@4 - aAcUsdy < 0. Therefore, the thermocapillary force acts against the movement of the water droplet ina microchannel‘}_-———___ = rae » re —« 2. =e 2s “) 1 Ey 3 on tml Fig, 5. (a) The pressure differences on both sides of a water droplet and (b) dynamic contact angle during the actuation process with b, = I'am, 0= 90°, W= 10 rm, and H = I mm. 4. Concluding Remarks ‘The transient thermocapillary migration of a water {droplet in a microchannel subjected to @ heat source has been investigating numerically, Both the upper wall and the bottom wall of microchannel are set to be an ambient temperature, The results indicate that the actuation behavior of the droplet is strongly inffuenced by a heat source. The actuation velocity of the liquid ‘droplet initially accelerates, and then goes down rapidly. During the actuation process, the thermocapillary vortices inside the droplet on the receding side is always smaller than that on the advancing side, The isotherms inside the droplet ate notably distorted by the thermocapillary convection, The DCA of the droplet altemstes versus time due to the pressure difference acting on the droplet. 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