MATH F213: Discrete Mathematics Answer

Mid-Semester Examination (Closed Book)

Q1. Recall that “if p then q” is equivalent to “Not p or q”, that is, 𝑝 → 𝑞 ≡ ~𝑝 ∨ 𝑞. Hence
(a) It is not cold or he wears a hat. 2M
(b) Productivity does not increase or wages rise. 2M
Q2.

3M

Q3.

4M

Q4.

3M
Q5. 5M

Q6. Represent 𝑇(𝑥) and 𝐷(𝑥) as “𝑥 is a tiger” and “𝑥 is dangerous”, respectively. Then the argument
takes the form ∀𝑥, [𝑇(𝑥) → 𝐷(𝑥)]
∃𝑥, 𝑇(𝑥)
∴ ∃𝑥 𝐷(𝑥)
1. ∃𝑥, 𝑇(𝑥) Premise
2. 𝑇(𝑎) Existential specification of 1
3. ∀𝑥, [𝑇(𝑥) → 𝐷(𝑥)] Premise
4. [𝑇(𝑎) → 𝐷(𝑎)] Universal specification of 3
5. 𝐷(𝑎) Fundamental rule 1 of 2, 4
6. ∃𝑥, 𝐷(𝑥) Existential generalization of 5 5M
Q7.

5M
Q8.

6M
Q9 (a)

4M
(b)

4M
(c)

4M
(d)

4M
10 a)
1 1
=
1 − 7𝑥 + 10𝑥 ! (1 − 2𝑥 )(1 − 5𝑥 )
𝐴 𝐵
= +
1 − 2𝑥 1 − 5𝑥
This implies
1 = 𝐴(1 − 5𝑥) + 𝐵(1 − 2𝑥)
" "
By choosing 𝑥 = , we have B = 5/3 and 𝑥 = gives A= -2/3 . Hence we have ,
# !

1 −2 5
= +
1 − 7𝑥 + 10𝑥 ! 3(1 − 2𝑥) 3(1 − 5𝑥)
1M
" (
Now, using series expansion of "$%&
= ?')* 𝑎' 𝑥 ' we have

( (
1 5 2
!
= @ 5' 𝑥 ' − @ 2' 𝑥 '
1 − 7𝑥 + 10𝑥 3 3
')* ')*
(
5 2
= A( 5' − 2' )𝑥 '
3 3
')*

# !
Therefore, 𝑎+ = , 5+ − , 2+ 1M
"
𝑎+ = , (5+-" − 2+-" ) is also correct answer.
" . ( . (
10 b) We have B"$&C = D?')* 𝑥 ' E = ?+)* 𝐶(𝑛 − 1 + 𝑟, 𝑟 )𝑥 +
When n=3, we have
, (
(
1 , (𝑟 + 2)(𝑟 + 1) +
I J = K@ 𝑥 ' L = A 𝑥
1−𝑥 2
')*
+)*
Hence,
 , (
(
1 , (−1)+ (𝑟 + 2)(𝑟 + 1) +
I J = K@ −𝑥 ' L = A 𝑥
1+𝑥 2
')*
+)*
" ,
That is , B"-& C is the generating function for the given sequence.
[Full answer 2 marks, otherwise 0 marks]
Q11) Given expression can be converted to the language of generating functions and we have to find
coefficient of𝑥 "/ is the expansion of
(𝑥 ! + 𝑥 , + 𝑥 0 + 𝑥 # )(𝑥 , + 𝑥 0 + 𝑥 # + 𝑥 1 )(𝑥 0 + 𝑥 # + 𝑥 1 + 𝑥 / ) 2M
Here, the following combination of powers of x , exactly one is taken from one bracket and sums to 17 is
given as follows
2, 3 in first bracket have no use ,
4+6+7
5+5+7
5+6+6
Hence the coefficient of x^17 is 3.
Therefore, number of integral solution to the given expression with given conditions is 3. 2M