Instrumentation and Process

Control (CHE 323)

Lectures 19-21 : Transfer Function

1
 Transfer Functions
• Dynamic models in the form of ordinary differential equations
(ODE) were discussed in previous lectures.
• Transfer function model: alternative model form based on
Laplace transforms
 Both types of models can be used to determine the dynamic
behavior of a process after changes in input variables
• Transfer functions: key role in the design and analysis of control
systems
• A transfer function model characterizes the dynamic
relationship of two process variables, a dependent variable (or
output variable) and an independent variable (or input variable).
 Transfer Functions
• Convenient representation of a linear, dynamic model.
• A transfer function (TF) relates one input and one output:

u (t ) y (t )
 system 
U ( s) Y (s)
The following terminology is used:

u y
input output
forcing function response
“cause” “effect”
Definition of the transfer function:
Let G(s) denote the transfer function between an input, x, and an
output, y. Then, by definition
Y ( s)
G( s) 
U ( s)
where:
Y ( s)  L y(t ) 
U ( s)  L u (t ) 
Development of Transfer Functions
Example: Continuous Blending System
For simplicity, make following assumptions:
• Liquid density (ρ) and volume (V) are constant
• Flow rates ω1, ω2 and ω3 are constant

Figure 2.1 Stirred-tank blending process, Constant V.

Transfer Functions
Deviation/perturbation variables
0

…… (7)
0
EXAMPLE: Consider the stirred-tank blending process for with
w1 = 600 kg/min, w2 = 2 kg/min, x1 = 0.050, and x2 = 1 (for pure
solute). The liquid volume and density are constant: V = 2 m3 and
ρ = 900 kg/m3, respectively.
a) Calculate the nominal exit concentration, x.
b) Derive an expression for the response, x(t), to a sudden change
in x1 from 0.050 to 0.075 that occurs at time, t = 0. Assume
that the process is initially at the nominal steady state.
SOLUTION