‘A& GEOGRAPHY SLSHL: URBAN ERVIRONMENTS ballon | rareserain cies | mresetorasianasae | sett possi” iia resp nwteprdan ct rome 87 Ainse rctins | Doc asa nr ioe wae | ‘ips geoeeton Acta ined oe 2.2. Centripetal Population Movements in Post industrial Cities Rat othe large wathe of wbatisation occuring fom te davm of industasaon i {fe mis-170, cides in high income countries tend to experince more goreiberne ‘ess partulrt those in poor ner ety areas. The subsequent change in deg pe serves by people of higher afluence can completely tansorm the distics naka on fercaton soften inked into urban renewal. This can be witnessed in tay es izund the wot, fam Glasgow wo Rode Jani (ae section 25 fra eases ‘Ratz and ston for ane on io de neo). Cape Town, Manila and Menee fave ls had elements of sucess in gentiing neghboutondn indenting Wig confined to HIC cies, Senticaion has nga een mos eidnt in North America, een resting in the Seplecemen of eaddonly poorer eho groups. In Alana, Geog, fr cess "ental priceshave gone up by 28% sce 2000 (tarey, 2018) 2 SLE Parkdale, Toronto Ferhat elon ode wet of dovown Trt sn although sil homeo age Percentage ofow-income housing in the south a thereon the nethersptien tae, the ncease in rent, eniction beat th outs feces oot Many of hem hoe ae isch in Pokal Te scleral and econo obi of neath ey ‘est afore neighbourhoods beng reshaped. And ts hepening nobeek mening coersaion wth tae who caren clt home ard wl fc out. Becrngton-Bush, 2018, Also noted inte gentication proces: * Adevelopment plan 208 fered eo unitsof orb housing and encouraged ‘ore than 700 higher-income propery owners, + Orginal ocalyeun Tibetan, Indian and Caiboan rest nts are belng gradually rege ty chains such as ‘Vegandal'tcatr forthe new ctl The Seong ‘heft cain inthe area in 2016 edt protests Kish 201). _aRhon sties dedicate by residents has been termed Vanlshing Parkdale Infomation bout si at this nk: tps//win cota conicammunty step ‘tres impact o-getieation npr | 2, CHANGING URBAN sysreHs 2 escibe and explain the proces of enticaon, 2.3 Centrifugal Population Movements sha tl movements consis of sburbasaton and counter ubanttion Although ino pce uansaon alo reer the pps por oy PerheDs Ths tee wsiew ern ne wh aunses. These processes tend to be mone | ae Peo ar ose tes wich hve sendy past thar peak fener sine Proctes ae ace mE enrol ually and chape Nee a | gestation tas Aiburbnicaos ine! Mo wtban wrt. Los Angie, USN har eres | Age eg | J seep nitration gine! Scie rence renin, oily, a wepontew Mase pee naseeY ‘evewal or genrieation wo ence peopl back in nec e | stavery | ices port on thetic | Siro eeu Bot of an detpmen which may eg ‘umoundingilgsand onsite aug ea Goumeratanston: The movement people amay fom an aaa tne a ciara Benn: imoving and edevping an urban ae, fen ‘brownfield inner city sites or part of the CHD. {reef te: Anarchs a peo bees alton4A GEOGRAPHY SLHL: URBAN ENVIRONMENTS 6 “a > ET sation and suburbanisation. 1. Distinguish berween count 2 Basel on the definitions of these tems, describe the main eases of central ‘3. Suggest possible environmental and socal consequences of centrifigal processes 24 Urban System Growth and Infrastructure Improvements over Time For urban ares 10 continue w develop and eater for increases in population, itis Imperative tht continsal maintenance and upgrading of infastrucare takes place. Inftstructare can reler to transport, tclecommunicaions, water and power suppy, sanitation, an pub insteations (like schools, hospitals and sons). Rio de Janeiro, Brazil i's site was stracive for Portuese seers In 1502, asi had the fer sll in CGanabara Bay and was atthe source of the Hive of lanuary (Ro de lane). Sugareane, fol, and diamonds and the proximity othe Alani Ocean for trading allowed the area {© develop economically Following independence rom Portugal in 188, Ro became the ‘pital city of Briand bad «popolation of eround 3 millon Ahouph no longer the apt odayitis homeo over 12 millon peopleandisa dynam, ‘cosmopolitan megaciy witha wide range of lnetons and extreme inequality. The Word 2. CHANGING UREANSYSTEHS ad {Cup of 2014 and Olympic Gane in 2016 (see section 26) have led oan abundance of spending in recent years albeit with much controversy Transport lo has wel develope anspor intastuctare, although the quality vanes: + The Metro opened on 5 March 1878, taday covering 58 Klometes, seeing ‘+ The Galedo International Airport (open to passengers since 1952) links Riot the restof Braz and hax connectlons to 19 counties + The Sanios Dumont National Alport (opened inthe 1930s i used now mainly for services to Sao Paulo and domes fights + The Port of Ros Brais third buses port and dhe centre for cruise vessels and has heen nus ince the Portuese ft arrived. + Buses are the main form of public wanspory, wth 40 bus lines serving fou mition passengers a day. Although rgarded as cheap and frequent. there have been ‘countess protest over he qual ofthe services an the congestion on the road + Riohasthe oldest electric tramway in South Americ, the Santa Teresa Team. Opened in 187s main used by tourists today, + Anew 450m silane tamvay was bil for the 2016 Summer Olymple Games with ‘teapacity of 235,000 passengers dy, + Ithas an advanced number of expressways, reflecting the increased use of the car since 1980 Telecommunications ‘The reach of media in Ri in 2016 was falls; + ree TV (launched in 1950 forthe wealthy elite) + Internet 66% (up fom 2085 fn 2000 and 47% in 2012) + Rao 62% (aunched in 196, thie fgure has fatuated since) + Pay TV 48% launched in 1995, this gure was only 20% in 2010), Water and power ‘Brain general has benefited fom rapid economic development and the impact the Millennium Development Goals, as access to basie water supply rose fm 36-57% ‘benween 2000-2015. The whole cys connected toa national eecrcty grid and power cuts ae rare. Even in los bigest favela,Hocinha (with unica estimates of up 10 160,000 inhabitants), de majority have running water and 99% have lett (Cane, 2m), 2, | tenn etme our eSnips nme] sine ‘Shenton tos? 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