Dr. D. Y. Patil Arts, Commerce & Science College Pimpri, Paimal versity -| INDEX Pune - 18, sr No. Date Title of Experiment Page No, Remarks Museum stud. yf Ln1_pato7zoq | ee ee | Signature a ree Museum budy of p-byJum pox frre lizhieja Museum shidy of phylum chidaria Tighe Museum study of phylum platghelminth 1g fifa 2 tudy of Astra maecl cm 1 ture externa} moaxph lata ? cis, * Conjugatiap, 13 Binary fission Wu/iifr2 tudy of permanent lides:Spicule and n 7S of sycon .T$ of Hud rq, Taenia olin colex , Gavi d proglatti of 14) noo Idenhf{cation of ony three museums pecimens with the help of taxe nomic. ident ification Key.impri, Pune - 18. Dr. D. Y. Patil Arts, Commerce & Science College Pimp INDEX SuNo. | Date Tite of Experiment —{—Ainimal Ecology J. }S-11-22 | Estimation of dissolved |. 1 oxygen from given Woater Sample. PageNo. | Remarks 2:1 511222] Estimation gf water 2 ciikalinity from aa 1 gin paler ample 47-11-23 Study oF aninal Seanmf Es =i te “guachate methad by delving density, Frequency and abundance of Species. 5. 11-11-22 sticly of microscopic | eae Fauna of fe ecosy stem ie 6 {o1-4)-99 Estimation of waniex | 5 a bol di g—Cerpacity of |} ——— jive oil Samate. [7 11-12-22} & Hmation of dissolved] {+ dad Site cache tte] li jee ey ee niet Raa -[i=12-22. passa Ty_| (sem-1) Practical No.- 1 Bape 7) Aim 3 Museum Study of phylurh Protozaas Eugle ng Paramoeciym Amoeba, Pasmodiunri SanS—a%é usually micros pit aid unieeliulay iduals, exhibik all types oF Symmetry. pets Di Most Species Occur as single butmany are: telonial. D Body _is bounded by a cell _membane -s>_plasmalemme - Se) Body may he paked ois covered bya pellicligioe q test, made of silica or calcium Garhonate | 1A filamentous network of the cyto skeleton may Fron a dense supportive structure, Called the £piplasm. -ususilly upinucleate but inay be more. than single — paucleus in| Some fwems. “may be. Flagella (eg. Eugle ia) ira moe cium), Pseudo podium (e.g » Amoeba) parasitic forms (contrac tice -myonemes _ Gre present in thel beady) tly i stot a uttition moy be halozoic —e'9' Amoeha (ani i -holophytic (e.g:, Eugleina). Saptophytic, mx drophie or | 2a ras IHC tracellular type of digestion OCCUTS toithin the’ fe ay Le Lak1) Euglena Systematic Position! Protozaa Phylum: Poo ; f i" Bal Site 2 Plasmodvoma «. cilia absent. locoma 7 Hq, tithe by pseudepodia ov lage Class: Mastigo phora Order + Fuglensidma 00 comotery organs flagella | Body covered with pellicle , Chromatophores Fou Euglena. Free living and sel} tol humerous 2 geen, — Genus lary + inhabitants of Peesh om Imasine water ond moist soi] Some are parasific SPends ih ell inaintained gardens, coprainiy, de cayin SMOUDIC mate E ouch as ee th Rees of an i aves. twings Care q good Source of this Organisms, ® Euglena viridis ig lengated sping) oPPpearance ° ithe Ant erioy vides while 5 PHT NS Ohou Lo microns the body 60anterios end — Flagellum Flagellar thickening blephavoplast Contractile vacuole accessory | contractile Vacuoles chloroplast > Pyrenoid bodiesPosterior Conivactile vacuole Cilia Contractile Va Cul e Food vacuole Micro nucleus oral groove ytoplasmSystematic Position: © Phylum 21 iP roteroa °Sub- phylum: Cillophoxa © Class. g ciliate 0 Order 2 Heletricha Genus _ 3 Ptaramoecium Species. 3 Caudatum Habit and Habitad 3 a ete 2 Poramee cium is la icémmon. free living freshwater ciliate found in ipends . ditches |) streams, cakes. Yeservoits qnd rivoss Ir _hos very Similay habit te that of Amoebe and Eugleha_hence they maybe geherally found living fe gether . The individuals Frequently ¢ome.in Contact with flocding objects thus , they forma lohite scam onthe suvface of wrater. Comments + Poxamo.eciun is Commerly known as dipper animalcule- Anterioy iend. ts blunty vounded , while .postextor end poinded ° Body is covered. by pellicle which. is masked by longitudinal rows of hexagonal depressiens bearing C114sy pores through which cilia Comes out° Sub- phylum : Pb ® class Rhizopod © Order Amoebida 9 Species _* proteus © Genus. % Amocke Habit ond HahMat + © Molority Pree. lis wad in freshwater Seq Some de para cites pseudapedia_ theiy Rod: By producing move Ong ind they Amoeho appeqres asinvpilee, jell yiike hyaline prodeglacin . The_bedy has mass _of tiny Stmaln”parts 5 Cell membrane Cyinplasm and nucleus Cell_ membrane 1s_ Ve: Y-thin ble layer oF is dis. Tog bh, elastic and prete plasm Haguishe d jwto_outey Sind taner. 4%, Cece nila end oplayPlasrmage! Plasmaso| Nucleus Ectoplasmm Contractile acuel e Wate vacuole AmoebaWee Nucleu — Mitochondyien eee eb Wy! Plasmodium.ee 4) Plasmadium sStematic Positio oe Phylum Protszea..Nicrescopic and acellular Sub- Phylum + plasmedroma locomotion either by psetedepodia oF Flagell a , cil : Loco mato ry,o; ans abseht in adult Havemospor {das Parasites of blood of ver} *Plasimedium vivax poro20 Plasmodium infet bing man mesid Sin itsired bleed Cans nelis distributed fn ah the organs, gh the ejrculcting blood, he species of plasmodium inject wide Waxieby dS pep tiles and varios mammals Plasmodium is Commenly knowh as malasial parasite Life cycle oF plasmedium is Completed in tao hosts on_and. female \Rnopheles.mosquito shen an Infecled female A nopheles mosquito bites 9 sperozites a%e entreduced: in the blood fxm here they Geach the.tves cells $ multiplysto form Mere zoites Some merozoites enters the red bload exrpuscles tronsfermed into male and Pmale ,gametecytes.flim : Museum skudy of phylum Porifers i Sycor Euplectella_,chaling Span gille.—— General chovacters oF sponges) — 7 ) Porira are all aquatic , mosHy marine ex Lone family spongillidae which lives in Preshwate 2) They are sessile and sedentary nd grow like plants =JEs 2) Body shape IS Vase ox cylinder like, ___asymmeteical ox vadtally symmetrical ._ 4 D) The bedy surface is perforated by num€vous pores, the osta through which bhe~« e the berly $ one o% more large. penings . the — oscula by which +he water ®) Multicellula® body copsis} inner endoderm with _an“intermeds mesenchyme, therefice, diploblachic agi | The bntexior Space of the bady is ier hollow or permeated Doar ante aati caus a with cheanecytes. The interjoy Space of a ; bedy is called spon gecoe| Pong Ree EHC Bk eletan donalling ip oiay Fine flexible Spchbinieh aac Ef ither —Spicules 0% Calcay eoug Splcules_ SilicaougPorifera:+ Diplablastic, Asymmetrtea ox ummebca | * Calcarei.Celcoreous Spicdles frum endaskeleton Hetervecceta yconeid type Canal system Sycon_or_scypha di Habit and Habitat q we Ore marine sing! live in idolong. 1 ib Maning lentities ave found abkached fo the Such as shells and ianckS af coralc vase Shape cylindrical body measuring 20-25 in length and 5-€mm_ip diameter. Bs Each cylindey is bulged in the. middle and apens te exterior by ah os culum. fi surface of Ihe oSculum ifs -eneiraled bya Ringe 079 & giant manaxon spicules Called os culam feinge “)pedy suaface ic. iperfas-aded by large numberof peres Called ostia ow. incurren } pores.A leyst ic Position + blastic __psummebical a : bi |e Phylum : Porifera Diplo cellula grade se bearing» lox Ae oe | = » ta. akeleton Compress ® Class ? Hexactinell les LI oa : Aonus spboules es Poeeecaayed bsiliceous “Pe sgpiales ave Hexashero vs_in_shape- a uplectella.. — as a phowd = . 7 ee eee pats adapitd for lew water currence p-This species is fiund 4o be attacked to anak regions of the Seaflcor. a Comments x = 1) Commonty called “ re Ee — : 4 S= dey ine kop * a inhabitants, ashe Pathe hody iis bukvlay gen) : Le +~Ous is made tp af trin ed. andl Ak the ps ebase fs ‘ Parent a for allachment : bunch wellcular sieve plate Network of SPicules Dermal ostia Root tuft of long Spieules Euplectella_ble tal | ei Sa Tadd | | | | | rr rl ii terreSSS DFP—PancTica No = 3 Aim: Museum Skudy of Phylum Cnidaria 1 4 Gdra. Physalig, Rurelia Metridium Geneval Characters of Cnidaria fio, ° Coelentyite e ore matazo.c! Animal latth grad ¢_ organisation vi hey ave aquatic. mes freshwater fram | They Ely marine exCept For) ike hydra cre _sedentory or fie Andividuals ave radial! witha & Swimming. Socitany. yor bi radially symmetrical G-2.SH0 Vea sculay cetsclty. Communicating the _exteriey 4. he mouth. celmeta animal pecans sod ¢ cawity con tral © they do Nit posses Second _ uthe coeley Phdlex tentacles, chainele mouth me whorl. They are d in_one. ‘ploblastic animale Skeleton eithey £X0 Skeleton °F Comm un ®¥ endoskeleton is occurence, TP ey eres us cally &x4¥ acellular as Respirate curni vores well ry Cir cules digestion js as ints ACO} feleree for g EXSTetowy system are toa ting.1) Hydya ~SySt © Phylum 3 Ce Position : Ses malticellulay, HSSUe grad ig ettcoeindee organisation * Class Hy cee © Ordey use woth velba polypoid genexation well | ott Senus ° Species S Hydra ccc, in £, eSNwaser, andin, Clthee' tn Focain ee ng. weds grate a wide ta nge fe 850 mererg » euing Streams | ak min 1D ttiydea 35 i pan ae 4-elen L Fico Moras 0 Mensur a gal and, Ee) Pinel eng a yt Scaled basq eo —fglandielts 1), SeO%re fe __ [at talline n+ ar to ee i py Thetis distc) 4 ore} a 'siteated ono “Onical an bi Pale ction Calle g a Latte’ es Pune) adhesive geTentacles HypoStome X “Tentacles ndal disc HydraPhysatiq| syste matic Position: ohylum = Cod ¢ nterata mej} feellalay 7 zahion Ssue grade wdiploblastic ico ¢lomate £ Class i Hyd-vozeq 2 Orley i gph aeh hiya Polymorphic colonies pelypsicd 3 me dusoid ectederym ) Inn ey mesenchyme encloderm lad intedmediate Gre | PRESEh + Ectodexm Vint ng oF consists of PihaceeytesS Which From the _ Mpcuerehab canals. Geladinous MeS ey.¢hyim cs -baving CakqxeouS Sprriler Asha scutes ebe js amceboid cells ico Hepecytes , present. Radial —cana} as@—Opeh into the Spongocosl by Bp6oyle (internat ostium) ae Endocerm consists of Blagellated choaneryde colle forming the Cining oF wadiql canalsbrough -he body oF Hydra — | Ts. Passing Comments. s a. : Bie holly, uals Colmpsse SOE ae javek i he ocd yy ocd) ts. cell f ouje> ec tocles mn —aind io inner Reni 2s Late a 0 1B g 5 cellular i Rehweey the two collirte a Tn Se = alee eu ciitelae, ae The Jelly -likke pon Cellular mesoglea Sexves as an elastic supposing 7 ond Whnec o | Coclentercec todexmVerse ctoxy Cana]BET oni. Salurm #1 Sceley comments Toenta (Seilum sthe cephalic body Simgiicx than the bead of « maea@icine KAI the-oxgay ontatne in_diameey : of gttachmen and brain and. 4. nephri dial canals Sithe_j2oximal and distal eee ons ipongy sie Abe peleorh anit ee ES newe_niag-5)| ature Paoglottid of Taenia solium— Comments o| Fach meture ptog tH cl_1's quare_tn Shape ™ 9 | Laterqt sicle of Cach ipme gloftid contains ds__a nel Najera! longitudinal pe late mel} excrelory canals. : S| A_set of male and female reproductyue Ox 9ansiis presen fi in each mature prog lothdy prog Ma} @ genital Sy Stem Consists of fellicalay testes jyasa effeventia , VaS_defLerengs Pa Ee eed Vitellineg—glahd tess hehind ovary Male and female opeh inte geuieous Containing eqas Grraviel Gipe) Proglotiy ef of Ta ee CLs cal a eat)comments”. he ee axe eee poet ckien a Each gravid pro glettte _borahche is Ons chawerd e \ ea toi +h, Festi liz eld egg so a sl ss ee ee has disappeared ious pel exo teh ch {i RT ipe kee axe FE Bo ssi bythe proce ss of Gpo lysis quel pass oti from hist jitectines of “ haet lot), Foecedh sO Gee me times, the gravid iseqment. buxst in phe — indestiine ao ee seni a mov en emy-> S 2 > 3 o a Grasshoppermes iT iti tt 111i tl) ieee dhagoner,se _most general trait - 9 cattegories ybug._househly _deagonfly. Gaass hopper. —Wwing § covered by exoskeletoh = go to jalan a —tnings are not Covered by exoskeleton - goto step 2 ) Bad has Found Shape ~ Lady ce ee =Body has elongated shape - ae = wings point out fom the siide of hadi, =deagan fly leg S_polnt out towerd io bady = ‘ae Spake Bs sag cae EEX texna| ee ahs Jo tS step > Pa Exterpal eay absent = gOS EST ovis —things present Ea Rat | wings absent - co} luings present = bird 0 ea ——wings_absent - Jo 40 Step 4 =limb present - frog limb absent Jo 10.Step 5 Gtill_oregent - Fish. Gilt “Absent -SnakeanrmAL ECO (PaPex Ir) Practical Ni af dissed oxygen 1 be burelte stand, (Sem) “Aim Esbimation o Requirements = Pig Wwater Sampcing hott! ) alkaline pote ion. © alkaline lation. aI starch Sol” From cate Sarmele ee burette, conical Aes) buf * : Jind er.Omanginy| o rock, measuring Cy! ‘one les, glass-sod Pe uaeeliae solution®)cone potssium cya given© sulphate @® who Sodiitm thi sample can be dit ed oxygeh in the ae by following the procedure pena of 250ml sample_in scimping be a 4 fill Inf of maganese sulphate sol"+ Im) of alkaline potassium iodine salutidh with the help of Pipette 9 Put ihe sfoppes on the hotHe ,# rnix the water Sample Snclmangmest Sulphate solution and alkaline palassium iodine Vion by Investing the battle several time ofillow the precipitate to settle at the botiom of Contains fox feed paimld © Adcl_tml oficonc: HoS04 with the help of a pipette Mixthscughly by shaking menting the bottle severse,f fim Allows the Sample to stand for Cheuk lo minudes fou Will get a clear re, hrowh listion js Obtained oxygen is Bred cimple dake Somi of Wwatey /, ain ch O fier Some time in whi from the above water lution Solution qhnw mxed with above sai; A sith above mair remicals ina conical slack 3a titrate yqnidly with wlio < i na vp : re = ae tbicsu|phate Solution updil Phe J ote Now add Im! oF starch sol Tc Oat Continue dilva mess We coley Hon co 4 means cote tes a ; Ppears. This is the end and _neie the },,| OF _Salect jg) an Just Stop titration thi *Sulohate used. = SediuimCalculation < Mean formula Do 1 = 8 ixtool x N xiv Dissolved Oxyq en) Cmg / tit) 5 Normality Of Nao5.03 = 01025N = Volume of mple takeh = Som) = burette reading = lq BX 100 x S085 YG 56 B00 x 0.0005 X 1.4 0 Teme fiit Result 1 Estimation of dissolved xygen From given vy water sampré is 9-76 mg/iit, iCcalculation * © fhenol phthe The phenol phth kali : ee Tinity expressed in ppm i : Nise 04 usedXle of alin @ of Catos is equal * 0.9 X10 24 PPm ange Alkalinity + alkalinity » pressed in ppm equal to , used x Ic 93 PPm Estimation of water alkalinity from the PS ep EATuielives ees cimig € cin © phenelphthalin alkalinity. = © Methy] ovar i 4] ovangecdtealiniky = A Te eaa! Alkalinity of wotey Sample refers {ois capacity to neut-| e-acid S-lkalinity is important for aquatic life because 88a BaFfe+scontaahiing pH flatuations. Th ic dhe ;Sum telal ‘Ay, -OF chemical companentsin water Yhat ends. to raise he pilaf. Ghical_flask. huzette Pipette, phenclph-thalain ind n/ SHbSOr, methyl orange indicate .N/so HaSCq (0-02.N | Phonolphthdleiniilkilinity fe toi ssi.) + Estimation of alkalinty inthe water Sample can be clon cllowiing the procedure given below. & \00imn4, i Neral WN10 5 4 Ca a Estimation of water holding—Capa ty of | ae == sample Prachi given Sell © ' Py Requirements: Scil sample funnel, filter pape burette stand, water . beakex. ec Procedure Jake 0 Soil sample crush it. dry it in oven at a Cios’c) <@ asSembly When soil is deying. = 0 Now take funnel put acave oP Filter papers inside ue ik Spinkle seme water on filter paper, mors) jb ; 2 Bltached the buvette bo burette. stand) Fill.it with water upto 0’ mask. ayeid the gir | bubble 2 Weight login of dey soil ond frans Py inside funnel over e the _filtey paper. Then add drop wise water into the Soil fy busette tintil soil i: become Somplerely s eg Hic dj y i i: ree fi Hoy evel tk for about ISmin_undi| — ; Be come Jinsicl elie beaker. bh ie transfer the! wate! Feism beakey inte. the 1 ee o. Mote down tg a the buredte Teading the buretie = jh mLCalculation = \ is The amount of free Oe mesent in ea i obsesved by multiplying volume bok Ni ee sodium hydsoxide used! during Litration by Burette veadiing * 3°5 Dissolved Coa = Volume & titrant xX lo used AS eg oe PPh Result | Estimation of dissolved and free Co, Prom given wakes sample is 35 ppm| No-3$4 Practice } clrate commanity biy-qua sa of animal densify study detesmining 2y uenty method by and abundance Requirement 50x50 cm in Procedure © Fox determini the. Frequency, density 3 cibuncleinéeaame ino_commun|ty fellow the procedure given belo | 0 Three @ quadsate ip a rm Peres} tr gin en an Specified area of qxacslemdaie pon_cl oF chy place iahexe _. aia Gommunity Is te be studied 01 Obsexve_anc note cusefer|) J each type ofeni male cee oth 19S heed ed the quadrate 2 down 4 7 a he_pumbey and ee q name sof indivi 1 4pes_of animals and plants — Repeat it by thee 4 Giadvate Fenda, 1, puting dae dha a the dsea of least [6 pmaeliii - | p% plaints ay, Squares of oceeing in tha domly ine ion 3- fi calculation Density . Tetal hy ber oF indivi dual of Species 5 Tal number of Wadrats Studied unit = pey Species Jone fe eee 0 ae 1) | Frequency b) yer! ae ensity 9 Abundance 103 a ole | of | alo ol boy of |] Fates tla | | GIA | oles Jan | oles font calor | &/21 | color fr | ulyaurpunay Suvseaqo =| 23tsrBoqoua as] 6} Co! Paanisisdouses| Te faubnad | ShuaGaqdaq] ° : sndaxcuosys | 9} Ce oaeA oeauadeazas | 4](> = eae J 12jj2 026 snis4zouy | OG aa Sapads yom Ul savads bso 40 -oN N[eteL) oton lene in 40-0Practical NOS fauna of freshoates “Tim i= _Studyof microscopic | ecosystem (From Pond). - Plankrons are free Floating _ox drifting — Principle roe microscopic in nature-They— organisms and most are classified inte phyte plankton and zooplanktons To same extent water current testeict fhe E movement of plankLons. Some. zooplanktens maintain _Lhets vertical positions mith the helpe of their active Sw yoming movements -They ame found in euphotic zone i.€ upte 60° feet deep i from the Susface. The primary producers of Ehis_zone ave phytoplankton and ZCoplanktons ave_the consumers. The zooplanktons axe important because that they conskit meatn_Source oF fread for Fishes. ute the = Requirements ? water sample, micsrosCope i “Watch glass, pels dish plain Slides, clrop per 19h formalin Procedure 3: The qualita wales sampie can PIOKedUTE given below: a ee Water Samele From just belo th a Sustate§ ie oii ond i: | ate Pp Q_ditch o¢ Cake i ae mouth gle 9lsisS_bottle . 1 7 laboratory Teams baing lt to ne tve_of plonktons in elle one by Following thee bed Come Fully,Filin a re ae U otheca Rranchinous on abs (22) t Ploesome Xx Tendipes Pleuronus Tes {udineller Asplanchnepus helob della egi stecese= precseetet fff ff ff | 7