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 Surveying instruments
1.
2. Group A<br />Arsalan Rehman <br />Asim Rafique<br />M.Faraz Zafar<br />Safdar Mahmood (CR)<br />Mukarram Rabbani <br />Nasir javed<br />
3. Surveying Instruments<br />HOW WE USE INSTRUMENT <br /> DURING SURVEYING<br />
4. Surveying Instrument<br />Instruments used in surveying operations to measure vertical angles, horizontal angles, and distance.<br />
5. Tripod<br />A surveyor's tripod is a device used to support any one of a number of surveying instruments, such as theodolite, total stations ,levels or transits.<br />
6. Level sta <br />A level sta , also called levelling rod, is a graduated wooden or aluminum rod, the use of which permits the determination of di erences in elevation<br />In the photograph on the right, both a metric (le ) and imperial (right) levelling rod are seen. This is a
two-sided aluminum rod, coated white with markings in contrasting colours. The imperial side has a bright yellow background. <br />
7. Total Station :-<br />A total station is an electronic/optical instrument used in modern surveying<br />To read distances from the instrument to a particular point.<br />
8. Clinometer<br />An instrument used by surveyors in order to measure an angle of inclination or elevation <br />
9. Line of sight<br /> <br />90 line on protractor<br />weight<br />
10. Uses of Clinometers<br />Indicating pitch and roll of vehicles, sail boats, and aircra . <br />Monitoring boom angle of cranes and material handlers. <br />Measuring the "look angle" of a satellite antenna towards a satellite.<br />Measuring movements in walls and/or the
ground in civil engineering projects <br />Measuring the angle of drilling in well-logging applications. <br />Rollover warning, to alert equipment operator of possible tip over condition <br />Determining the angle of the earth's magnetic field in respect to the horizontal plane.
<br />Measuring steepness of a ski slope. (<10o for beginners, 10o-20o "green", 15o-25o "blue", 25o-35o "black", 35o-45o "double black") <br />
11. Compass<br />A compass is a navigational survey instrument used for determining the “directions” which is relative to the Earth's magnetic pole<br /><ul><li>A compass can be used to calculate “heading” used with a “sextant” to calculate latitude” and with a “marine
chronometer” to calculate “longitude”</li></li></ul><li>GPS<br />GPS<br />
12. DEVOLPMENT<br />ERATH QUAKE SCENCE<br />PLANS DIRECTION<br /> VEHICALS<br />
13. ELEMENTS<br />The Space Segment<br />The User Segment<br />The Control Segment<br />
14. The Space Segment<br />24 Satellite<br />
15. The User Segment<br />Receiver<br />
16. The Control Segment<br />Ground station<br />
17. Principle of Gps<br />Measurement of distance between satellite and receiver<br />Wgs84<br />
18. Use of Gps in now a days<br />Military use<br />Every day's life<br />
19. Theodolite<br />Most important application is measuring horizontal and vertical angles<br />Horizontal distances and determine elevations<br />
20. How to use<br />A theodolite must be mounted on a level tripod or stand from where the user can observe.<br />The observer can take a reading by looking through the telescope and adjusting the vertical crosshairs to match the extreme le of the survey target.<br />
21. Prism<br /><ul><li>Prism
22. Consider the o set,
23. The thread size,
24. When working with Total Stations that require a target</li></li></ul><li> That ʻs All Our Presentation<br />Thanks <br />Dear<br />Fellows<br />

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