Chapter 2

1 markers

1. _______________ of a behaviour helps in distinguishing a particular behaviour from

others.
2. Prediction becomes more accurate with the increase in the number of persons
observed. (True/False)
3. The goal of psychological enquiry which tries to find out the determinants of
behaviour is _________
4. The final goal of psychological enquiry which brings positive changes in behaviour is
____________
5. Science is not defined by what it investigates but by how it investigates. (True/False)
6. _____________is a tentative and testable solution to a problem.
7. 'The first step of scientific research is forming a hypothesis. (True/False)
8. Research is a continuous process. (True/false)
9. Both scientific and interpretive methods are useful to study behaviour, (True/False)
10. ___________method is based on the premise that everybody interprets reality in a
different manner.
11. The variety of information that is collected through diverse methods is called
________________
12. Data are independent of any physical or social context. (True/False)
13. The method of data collection and the characteristics of respondents also influence data
(True/False)
14. ____________information generally includes personal information like name, age, etc.
15. The socio-economic status of a respondent will come under the category of
__________information.
16. Our height, weight, reaction time, etc. come under the category of physiological data.
(True/False)
17. Psychological information may relate to our intelligence, personality or thought
processes. (True/False)
18. Our day-to-day observation is scientific observation. (True/False)
19. Psychologists observe every behaviour that they encounter. (True/False)
20. A school inspector joining a class to see how the school functions is an example of
__________observation. (participant/non-participant)
21. Using a camera to observe classroom behaviour would come under
___________observation. (participant/non-participant)
22. When observation is done in real-life natural settings, it is known as
___________observation.
23. Observation cannot be done in laboratories. (True/False)
24. Observation never involves control. (True/False)
25. An observer should interpret the behaviour at the time of the observation itself.
(True/False)
26. Experiments are usually conducted to establish_______________
27. Any stimulus or event that varies is called a ________________
28. An object is not a variable itself but its attributes are variables. (True/False)
29. ________________ is that variable which is manipulated or altered.
30. The variable on which the effect of an independent variable is observed is called
______________
31. In any experimental situation, the __________ is the cause and _________is the effect.
32. Intelligence is a/an _________ variable. (organismic/ situational/ sequential)
33. Noise is an ____________ variable (organismic/ situational/ sequential)
34. Practice effects and experimental fatigue come under the category of ____________
variable (organismic/ situational/ sequential)
35. _______________technique is used to minimise the sequence effect.
36. _____________ ensures that everyone has an equal chance of being included in an
experiment. (Matching/ Random assignment/ Counter-balancing)
37. Laboratory experiments have external validity. (high/low)
38. In ______________ experiments, independent variables are selected rather than
manipulated.
39. The value of correlation coefficient ranges from +1.0 to -1.0. (True/False)
40. The prepared list of questions to be asked in an interview is known as an
41. A structured interview is flexible in nature. (True/False)
42. An ___________ interview may have open-ended questions. (structured/unstructured)
43. In some ways, questionnaires are like __________ interviews
44. ______________is the normal or average performance of the group.
45. In a _____________ test, all the items are of the same degree of difficulty.
46. _______________ tests do not have any time limit. (Power/Speed)
47. Quantitative and qualitative methods are complementary to each other. (True/FaIse)
48. Psychological measurements have a true zero point. (True/False)
49. In the case of qualitative studies, at least two psychologists should be involved in the
meaning-making process. (True/False)
50. Sometimes, experimental studies use the ____________ technique and give wrong
information to the participants when they are being conducted.