Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Variable
Number of firms
Gross Margin
Net Margin
EBITDA/Sales
EBITDASG&A/Sales
COGS/Sales
R&D/Sales
SG&A/ Sales
Stock-Based Compensation/Sales
Lease Expense/Sales
Lease adjustment to operating income
Explanation
Number of firms in the industry grouping.
Aggregated gross profits as a percent of aggregated revenues, across
companies in the group.
Aggregated net profits as a percent of aggregated revenues, across
companies in the group.
Aggregated operating profits, prior to taxes and stock compensation, as a
percent of aggregated revenues, across companies in the group.
Aggregated as-stated operating profits, prior to taxes, as a percent of
aggregated revenues, across companies in the group.
Aggregated as-stated operating profits, after netting effective taxes, as a
percent of aggregated revenues, across companies in the group.
Aggregated operating profits, adjusted for leases treated as debt, as a
percent of aggregated revenues, across companies in the group.
Aggregated operating profits, adjusted for leases treated as debt and
taxes, as a percent of aggregated revenues, across companies in the
group.
Aggregated operating profits, adjusted for leases treated as debt and R&D
as a capital expense, as a percent of aggregated revenues, across
companies in the group.
Aggregated operating profits, adjusted for leases treated as debt and R&D
as a capital expense, after effective taxes, as a percent of aggregated
revenues, across companies in the group.
Operating profitablity, prior to taxes and expenses associated with stock based compensation
Operating profitability, after assuming taxes paid at effective tax rate, as measured in financial statements.
Operating profitability, with leases treated as debt, after paying taxes (at effective tax rate)
Operating profitability, with leases treated as debt and capitalized R&D, prior to taxes.
Operating profitability, with leases treated as debt and capitalized R&D, after paying taxes (at effective tax
rate)
Measure of investment in long term growth by companies that derive their value from the products of R&D
(including patents and licenses).
Measure of SG&A costs as percent of sales.
R&D is a capital, not an operating expense. Hence we add it back. Treating R&D as a capital asset creates
amortization over multiple perods. Hence we net out this amortization.
Date updated: 5-Jan-23
Created by: Aswath Damodaran, adamodar@stern.nyu.edu
What is this data? Profit margins (net, operating and EBITDA)
Home Page: http://www.damodaran.com
Data website: https://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/New_Home_Page/data.html
Companies in each industry: https://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/pc/datasets/indname.xls
Variable definitions: https://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/New_Home_Page/datafile/varia
Gross Income
Based
Pre-tax After-tax
Pre-tax, Pre-stock Unadjusted Unadjusted
compensation Operating Operating Operating
Net Margin Margin Margin Margin
3.18% 5.28% 4.96% 4.33%
6.14% 6.27% 6.14% 5.45%
-10.15% -2.35% -2.47% -2.30%
4.64% 7.24% 7.17% 6.11%
3.61% 3.57% 3.47% 3.02%
3.54% 3.91% 3.78% 3.21%
39.75% 0.11% 0.01% 0.01%
41.27% 0.06% 0.05% 0.04%
21.55% 28.69% 28.56% 23.35%
10.30% 15.27% 15.22% 12.81%
11.07% 12.81% 12.76% 10.90%
12.90% 0.93% 0.67% 0.58%
7.22% 9.14% 8.92% 7.45%
2.59% 4.81% 4.66% 4.12%
-3.65% 5.11% 4.96% 4.50%
7.28% 10.59% 9.75% 8.23%
12.07% 17.24% 17.06% 13.72%
12.47% 17.71% 17.61% 14.71%
18.69% 28.96% 28.94% 24.10%
5.92% 7.22% 7.09% 6.13%
5.78% 7.90% 7.74% 6.60%
4.84% 7.15% 7.08% 6.07%
8.08% 13.83% 13.80% 11.94%
2.21% 9.27% 6.96% 6.51%
9.21% 10.54% 10.16% 8.64%
6.07% 14.44% 13.80% 12.26%
5.10% 6.12% 6.00% 5.27%
1.55% 2.45% 2.41% 2.07%
4.71% 5.48% 5.33% 4.70%
2.75% 8.80% 4.68% 4.06%
3.84% 8.45% 7.47% 6.80%
5.59% 12.97% 12.92% 11.13%
4.11% 6.90% 6.87% 5.99%
21.74% 7.01% 6.64% 5.57%
4.35% 6.95% 6.86% 5.79%
2.38% 3.65% 3.58% 3.10%
7.72% 8.27% 8.09% 6.94%
23.66% 39.79% 39.73% 35.82%
18.34% 22.58% 21.74% 19.54%
2.30% 4.72% 4.60% 3.87%
17.23% 18.25% 16.38% 14.93%
6.64% 6.49% 6.33% 5.51%
9.60% 14.86% 14.61% 12.06%
-8.63% -0.52% -1.05% -0.97%
7.50% 10.11% 9.97% 8.65%
5.21% 14.34% 12.95% 10.57%
5.71% 8.21% 8.10% 6.90%
5.96% 3.19% 3.14% 2.71%
5.00% 4.69% 4.57% 3.81%
20.84% 23.21% 22.89% 21.09%
6.18% 7.89% 7.68% 6.63%
7.69% 11.55% 11.51% 9.88%
1.69% 4.04% 3.88% 3.31%
11.97% 22.13% 22.13% 17.13%
25.57% 39.45% 39.35% 33.66%
4.18% 5.89% 5.86% 5.09%
2.79% 5.11% 5.10% 4.35%
4.65% 6.62% 6.57% 5.57%
9.79% 12.08% 12.00% 10.27%
3.04% 7.26% 7.23% 6.18%
10.91% 16.96% 16.86% 14.74%
9.39% 8.05% 7.84% 6.92%
67.54% 63.49% 61.38% 59.33%
4.40% 10.56% 10.44% 8.74%
11.22% 17.68% 17.63% 15.18%
14.80% 25.05% 24.21% 20.76%
4.28% 6.89% 6.82% 6.02%
-1.58% -1.49% -1.72% -1.55%
1.82% 4.89% 4.68% 4.16%
1.99% 3.94% 3.89% 3.17%
5.35% 9.09% 8.94% 7.58%
1.46% 3.25% 3.23% 2.76%
2.39% 6.06% 6.02% 5.03%
1.84% 3.60% 3.58% 3.00%
-1.61% -1.70% -3.98% -3.56%
0.47% 5.29% 4.76% 4.01%
3.39% 4.25% 4.20% 3.56%
19.12% 21.67% 21.31% 19.01%
17.10% 20.07% 19.48% 16.76%
35.92% 39.82% 39.78% 34.80%
6.11% 6.46% 6.32% 5.35%
23.08% 18.78% 12.96% 11.66%
-0.42% 2.21% 1.08% 0.98%
-2.15% 4.67% 1.76% 1.60%
7.14% 9.32% 9.31% 7.85%
10.40% 14.43% 14.33% 11.52%
3.48% 4.30% 3.99% 3.62%
7.40% 12.35% 12.26% 10.48%
16.84% 21.07% 20.91% 16.03%
4.16% 6.98% 6.79% 5.69%
11.31% 19.91% 19.86% 15.83%
-3.58% 6.93% 5.27% 4.53%
14.08% 17.69% 17.65% 16.18%
11.90% 21.63% 21.61% 18.71%
8.64% 9.84% 9.42% 8.13%
6.83% 10.78% 10.32% 8.92%
rating Income Based EBITDA Based
Stock-
Based Lease
SG&A/ Compensati Expense/Sal
COGS/Sales R&D/Sales Sales on/Sales es
79.56% 1.40% 13.78% 0.32% 0.59%
79.25% 3.89% 9.07% 0.13% 0.25%
94.26% 0.17% 7.77% 0.12% 2.90%
75.22% 0.73% 14.23% 0.08% 0.90%
81.33% 3.05% 9.51% 0.11% 0.17%
82.96% 3.10% 7.87% 0.13% 0.13%
0.83% 0.00% -537.75% 0.10% 0.70%
0.33% 0.00% 40.96% 0.01% 0.42%
42.65% 0.30% 20.99% 0.14% 0.26%
56.26% 0.12% 26.62% 0.05% 0.35%
60.81% 0.45% 20.92% 0.05% 1.36%
22.97% 0.13% 10.98% 0.25% 0.30%
73.14% 1.94% 14.13% 0.22% 0.27%
79.18% 1.46% 12.13% 0.14% 0.41%
56.86% 1.20% 23.27% 0.16% 0.82%
81.29% 1.21% 6.13% 0.84% 0.10%
64.45% 0.84% 10.07% 0.18% 0.13%
71.13% 1.74% 6.92% 0.10% 0.13%
58.96% 0.56% 7.39% 0.02% 0.94%
84.04% 1.10% 5.82% 0.13% 0.31%
79.06% 4.23% 8.78% 0.16% 0.06%
78.23% 2.20% 10.40% 0.06% 0.31%
71.46% 0.25% 9.67% 0.02% 0.29%
42.18% 19.15% 29.38% 2.31% 0.24%
54.00% 5.79% 26.90% 0.38% 0.21%
50.99% 1.15% 31.23% 0.64% 1.64%
81.90% 3.22% 8.14% 0.11% 0.14%
82.90% 4.20% 11.19% 0.04% 0.38%
85.73% 3.65% 5.16% 0.15% 0.13%
88.27% 2.15% 4.40% 4.12% 0.67%
43.75% 7.58% 38.19% 0.98% 0.48%
74.52% 1.65% 10.56% 0.05% 0.49%
85.39% 0.34% 6.72% 0.03% 0.31%
22.71% 0.66% 19.10% 0.36% 0.69%
78.60% 0.30% 13.24% 0.08% 0.26%
86.42% 0.02% 7.62% 0.06% 0.19%
72.89% 3.04% 15.32% 0.18% 0.29%
45.77% 0.23% 7.20% 0.06% 0.20%
49.63% 7.32% 20.90% 0.84% 0.49%
86.40% 0.43% 8.22% 0.11% 0.19%
56.45% 6.86% 18.05% 1.87% 0.16%
78.54% 0.30% 13.97% 0.16% 0.37%
65.52% 0.15% 13.03% 0.25% 0.52%
60.71% 0.71% 20.72% 0.54% 0.72%
55.35% 1.34% 30.43% 0.15% 0.28%
62.31% 1.71% 18.15% 1.39% 0.66%
76.26% 0.00% 11.81% 0.11% 0.07%
83.52% 0.00% 9.91% 0.05% 0.10%
82.23% 0.00% 9.49% 0.11% 0.10%
44.63% 0.12% 14.29% 0.32% 0.39%
76.06% 3.69% 11.37% 0.21% 0.22%
82.08% 0.99% 3.03% 0.04% 0.09%
70.43% 1.54% 22.30% 0.15% 0.37%
64.07% 0.33% 4.90% 0.00% 0.15%
35.34% 0.52% 5.82% 0.10% 0.59%
89.72% 0.08% 2.82% 0.03% 0.17%
87.12% 0.27% 2.78% 0.01% 0.58%
80.51% 1.12% 9.27% 0.05% 0.20%
77.92% 0.96% 7.54% 0.09% 0.16%
84.89% 0.35% 4.37% 0.03% 0.14%
77.45% 0.48% 3.59% 0.10% 0.43%
66.74% 1.09% 22.49% 0.21% 0.59%
25.92% 0.00% 8.25% 2.10% 0.15%
80.22% 0.13% 7.35% 0.12% 1.64%
64.65% 1.28% 15.01% 0.05% 0.22%
57.71% 0.18% 15.70% 0.84% 0.65%
75.29% 1.62% 13.96% 0.07% 0.57%
93.78% 0.00% 5.92% 0.23% 0.10%
70.23% 0.05% 17.43% 0.21% 3.38%
91.06% 0.01% 5.06% 0.05% 0.11%
67.44% 0.00% 20.89% 0.15% 0.73%
92.94% 0.12% 3.03% 0.02% 0.06%
69.99% 0.06% 21.54% 0.04% 0.48%
75.46% 0.08% 19.15% 0.02% 0.40%
72.95% 4.39% 26.03% 2.27% 0.54%
69.63% 0.17% 24.06% 0.53% 2.64%
79.60% 1.95% 10.01% 0.05% 0.15%
64.64% 7.83% 6.28% 0.36% 0.17%
67.24% 5.04% 7.92% 0.59% 0.13%
54.11% 0.15% 4.23% 0.03% 2.11%
72.96% 1.75% 18.20% 0.14% 1.46%
51.93% 10.08% 32.99% 5.82% 1.11%
86.75% 3.61% 8.32% 1.13% 0.57%
54.90% 15.82% 27.51% 2.91% 0.54%
82.29% 1.30% 3.48% 0.01% 0.16%
49.90% 0.36% 13.31% 0.09% 1.59%
77.74% 8.31% 9.36% 0.31% 0.22%
48.32% 0.51% 13.42% 0.09% 1.30%
61.02% 0.76% 11.84% 0.16% 0.21%
87.66% 0.44% 4.65% 0.19% 0.86%
80.03% 0.10% 2.65% 0.04% 2.72%
72.27% 1.61% 14.88% 1.66% 1.36%
71.37% 0.07% 5.74% 0.04% 0.11%
63.74% 0.38% 12.30% 0.02% 0.24%
71.76% 1.46% -17.58% 0.43% 0.45%
76.21% 1.64% 8.44% 0.47% 0.46%