India - Location, Relief and Drainage @ Learning Objectives To acquaint ourselves with To understand the strategic importance of India’s absolute and relat in the world To know the distinct characteristics of major physiographic divisions of In ive location dia To compare the regions of Great Indian plains To understand the drainage system of India To differentiate the Himalayan and peninsular rivers Ciloose, THE CORRECT ANSWER {a) 2,500 km (b) 2,933 kin (c) 3,214 km (d) 2,814 km [Ans.(c) 3.214 kin] | River isknown as‘Sorrow of Bihar’ + [ny-2019] | (b) Godavari (d) Damodar [Ans.(c) Kosi] A landmass bounded by sea on three sid 1 ‘The north-south extent of India Is : (a) Narmada (©) Kost referred toas . [PTA-3] * {a) Coast (b) Island ! (©) Peninsula (d) Strait [Ans. (c) Peninsula} } aKa a ‘the Palk Strait and Gulf of Mannar separates India from [PTA-4: May-'22) (a) Goa (b) West Bengal (c) Sri Lanka (d) Maldives [Ans (c) Sri Lankal ‘The highest peak in South India is [GMQP-2019; PTA-2] (b) Kodaikanal (a) findhagads [Ans. (c) Anaimudi} (a) Ooty (c) Anaimudt Plains are formed by the older alluviums, [ERT-22] (a) Bhabar (b) Tarai (©) Bhanger (d) Khadar [Ans. (c) Bhangar]7, Palicat Lake is located between the statesof $9, South Indian rivers are east flowing. (a) West Rengal and Odlisha [TAT Aug.'22] | Ang.South Indian Rivers are east lowing, (b) Karnataka and Kerala 1) Mastofthe South Indian rivers are originate (6) Odlisha and Andhra Pradesh from the Western Ghats (a) Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh [Ans (ad) Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pi (1) ‘The elevation of the western side is higher than the eastern side (1M) So,the South Indian Rivers are east loving rivers Tl. Maren rHe rottowt TW] Tsangpo = Jivibutary of River] { 4, West flowing rivers do not form del Ganga ‘Ans. (1) Most rivers flowing west from the Westers @| Yamuna > | Highest peak in Ghats do not from deltas India (i) Because of the high gradient and they den} ( Tew hain have to travel much distance to drain into () | Newalh > | River Brahmaputra ( = ) | New alluvium ise ana bave iy MC Se her pai (uy This prevents them from forming deltasay < ~ oe Soutien part of their mouths and mostly only estuaries ae : formed. 3 (S) | Coromandel | - | Khadhar te) Coast [V. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN THE FOLLOWING PH ane [Ep] Teangpo River Brahmapurs] 1+ Mimalayan vers and Peninsular ver, Lo) in Tibet : [PTAs] 4 (@) | Yamuna > | Tributary of River || Ans.[S. | _ Himalayan Peninsular Ganga | |No.| Rivers Rivers (3) |New alluvium | - |Khadhar ' 1. | These rivers ‘Most of these @|MuGodwin | = [Highest peakin |! originate from the | originate from the ‘Austen (K2) India ' Himalayas Western Ghats, () | Coromandel |= | Southern partof || 2, [They flow in They low in South Coast East Coastal Plain | ' North India. India. III. Give REASONS ' 3. [Theyarelongand | They are very short 7 = ii fold ' wide. and narrow, | 2. Himalyasareclledyoung fold mountains, | 5 hey are prenil They are nom ‘Ans, (I) Himalayasare called young fold mountains ' innate, eal | because they have been formed only a few | Sa 5 1 million years ago, andalso they were formed | . | They are useful | They are useful tor because of the folding of the earth crust duc for irrigation and | generating Hydro | to tectonic activity. navigation, Power. _| (Himalayas have parallel ranges, sharp pointed ! 6 | Their middle and [they are not useful peaks and steep slopes indicating that they | lower courses are | for navigation. are young fold mountains, : navigable, 2. North Indian Rivers are perennial, — {PTA-2) | Ans. (1) North Indian tiversare perennial because they ! originate from the snow covered Himalayas, + (u) ‘The snow covered Himalayan glacier is a ‘good source for continuous water and the rivers are perennial, Scanned with CamScannerWestern Ghats and Baetern Chote ' PTA) PRY dep 23) - the importance of 1ST P70» tue 2H) i « conteal meriatian of Mean Time (GMP) 73. a short note on Deccan Plateat ‘Oy 201% HY 2019 tain ranges. || Ane. (0 songraphic dessa che largest part ‘4 ‘These join the plateaus regen of rage of a sort of tr Western Ghats : Jateau os roughly triangular, runcton of the at the Nilgin 1 (One of the sides of this sparked by ala range. [hills bordering. the line jouning Kanyakumari ith Raimahal the cardamom hills | Karnataka and Hills and ¢ pastes through ‘he Eastern ‘and the Palans hills | Tamil Nadu. : Ghats. Western Coastal Plains and Eastern Coastal“? The second arm is marked by the Satpura Plains, [HY-2019;Sep-2021] | Range, Mahadeo Hills, Maikal Range and TS] West Coastal ca : the Rajmahal Hills Ne, Plains Plains } (py The third arm is marked by the Western T Rhes between Itliesbetween Ghats, The area « as about 7 Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats and | ; lakh square km and the hexght ranges ‘momn the Arabian sea. Bay of Bengal. || $00 to 1000 m above sea level Tirextends from |ftextends from | | 4,_ State the west following rivers of India,(? E13) 7 Ramm ot katch [West Bengalin, | AN “The west following rivers of India are | lathe North tothe North to Tamil|;—()_— Narmada || kanyakumari in [Nadu in the South, im Tapa | |the South : Sc TNorthern partis [The northern |! (ay Sabarenaths | jnown os Konkan [partisknown as | ! (ie) Mai |Coest and Southern [Northern Cusars |: 5+ Writea bref note othe island group of Lakshadwesp, Portisknown as jand Southern |; [PTAst FRI @ May- Malsbar Cost, [partisbaownas | Ana, () The Lakshadweep lan © © small group Coromandal coast of coral island) located oif the weyt coast T [Vembanad lake is |Kolleru, Chika ot lnc found here. and Pulicat lakes (i) Mcovers an ates of S2sq. km. are found t (uy Kava istrative capital (io) Lakshadweep islands are separated from NSWER IN BRIE! ANSWERIN BRIEF the Maldive Islands by the Bight Degree Name the neighbouring countries of India. Channel. 1GMQP-2019] (“the uninhabited “Pit Island” ofthis group has a bird sanctuary. (‘The neighbouring countries of India are Bangladesh and Myanmar (in the East) (u) Pakistan (in the West).| NS geen VI AN Wey crscrarn 1. Explain the divisions of Northern Mountal ann its importance to India [PTAA Sep 2021, PRT & Auge 22] Sansheit I 9 Mountains vs givat wall and! is grouped inte three Ans. The term “Himalaya” is derives! 9 inveans “The Alwwtevt Snow” The Nowth tune divisions namely (WH) The Tans Himalayas (1) Himalaya, (1) Homadee (2) Himachal (2) Siwaltks. (IN) Fastern or Purvanchal hills (1) The Trans - Himalayas: (® — Whesin Jammu and Kashmir and Tibetian = Plateau. (Weis about 40 Km wide in the eastern and ‘sy western extremities and about 225 km wide an its central part (1) ‘The rocks of this region contain marine sediments which are underlain by “Tertiary Granite” (1) The Himalayas : (0) Wt constitutes the core part of northern mountains. Itis an young fold mountai (4) Wwastormed by the movement of Eurasia land mass in the north and Gondwana land | mass in the south (1H) The Tethys Sea ts found between the tw land masses. (ie) tts divided into, (1) Greater Himalayas (2) Lesser Himalayas (3) ‘The Siwaliks the Greater Himalayas or Himadel () His about 25km wide and about 6,000 m in height. (HN) Itreceives less rainfall, (ii) Example: Mountain Evers The Lesser Himalayas or Himach (—Itisthe middle range of Himal (W) Height of this range varies {rom 3,700 to 4,500 m, (Hi) ‘The major racks of this range are slat limestone and quartzite. (ie) Pir Panjal, Dhauladhar and Mahabharat are the mountain ranges found in this part Kanchenjpnga AKL Ainportance Unie The Outer Himalayas? the Stovalthe : . (Ae Sivalsestenal fran Fann al Kash fur Assan (the attitude of this range varies between 41100 (HD The walth of this range varies from 1b, inthe east ts 50) kan an the west (111) Purvanchal Hilts ()— Aextended inthe Inia, (I) Most of these border of India inside Inia (1) Ege Datla Hills, Abor Hills, Naga Hills Himalayas: (1) Himalayas blocks southwest monsoon winds and causes heavy raintall fo north India (1) Aformsanatural barrier to the wubsortine (ll) Wis the source for n like Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra ete (lv) ‘The Northern mountains are described as the paradise of tourists due to’its natura beauty: fo) It provides raw material for many tore based industries (eo) Himalayas are renowned for the rich biodiversity. Givean account on the major peninsular rivers of India, ‘The rivers in south Indi rivers. Most of thes« th» eastern states of Hs are located nd M long the mar, while others ny perennial rivery are called the Peninsular rsorigitate from the Wester? Ghats. These are seasonal rivers (non peter Based! on the direction ot flow, the peninsular ee livided into the West lowing andl East thowing a rivets Bast Mowing Rivers : (— Mahanadi (1) ‘Ihe River Mahanadi originate Sihawain Raypur district of Chattisga canal thowss through Odlisha, (2) My tengttis 851 km, Seonathy T Sandlur ana [bare ity major tributaries (3) The Mahuaaalt empties ity water tt Bay of Bengal. (W)— Godavart (1) Goslayari ts the longest river (148 km) with an area of 3.13 lakh ket’ among the Peninsular rivers, Itisa® called Vridh ang Scanned with CamScannerin = Location, Well a (tv) West F wo ) rh) o Kr a) Hand De ange Wheres th aul Anal co olan adel be tare joining By of Beryl Puarna, Penyanps, Branatha, £ Tnleasats Lab and Soh : no freale water Lake te fev ated Inv the deltaic reynnn of the Gebavatl # Whe river Krishna originates fram a spring ata plove called Mababalestiw tn the Western Gh Hsrashtra 2) is tenpth ys 1,400 kn 2.58 Lak a4 kin : Q) Micthew aher! Mhims, : of this river, ' Kaveri : (1) ‘Theriver Kavertoriginates at Talakaverh, + Kudagu hills of Karnataka. Ms length + is #00 kan i‘ (2) The river aver! is called Dhakshin Hi Ganga or Ganga of south : (3) The Kavert breaks at Srirangam Island with ter channels, river Golerotu and | Kaveri, Atlas, itempticwinto the lity | fof Bengal at Popular, : lowing Rivers: : Narmada : (1) Heeises fn Amarkantak Plateau In | Madhya Prades at an elevation a bout 1057 an ated slows far adlistance dof about 4,312 kam, Il covers am ares ff 98.7960 14) ken andl forms 27h Jong estuary. : (2) Hivthe largest among the west Mowing rivers af Peninsular nda : (3) Ms principal tnbutaries ate Be i Halon, Heran, Banat, Dud ; Hawa, Barna and Kobo ' ‘Taptl ' a” Ahisone of the major riversot Peninsular India with the length of about 724 kan, | Tecovers an aica of 65,145 ag kins | (2) ‘Thenuior Irlbutaries aie Vaki, Gonna, | Arunavat, Amer, Nest, uray. Pant | and Bor ! (3) Hootfalisint the Atabian Sea through + the Gull of Gambay. (lve ndetailed aceon em the basin A the Gang. Wind nm a 4 Nhe Cranga Wives tern othe large yer ef biden Weptends treet an ar WAN AOA 04 ban he Fraga gin vs the ont Arey porated, lane in Iria and nancy tm ate deceirped ta the banks of this river Ve river Ganga tanginates a6 Bhagieath from the Gangeateh Glacier ip Uttar a Didtrict of Uttarhand state, at an elevation: A710 m. Whe length of the river Ganga is ahenst 2,525 Ane wy an (ny) fan, fo) Ns tnajon tributaries from the surth are Gomih, Gandak, Kash and Ghaghra sod frosn eouth, Yarriuna (largest tributary of Ganga). Son, Chamba ete (on) ‘the river Ganga vskruran asthe River Padma in Hangadesh (omy ‘Thecembined river of Gang aca Beabmapatea creates the Worlds largest delta known as Sundarbane in Bangladesh before jotning the Bay of Bengal VIL. Mav EXERCISES Mark the following in the outline map of India 1, Major mountain ranges - Karakoram, Ladakh, ‘Zaskar, Aravalli, Western Ghats, Fastern Ghats, Lana Mis Scanned wiiWaly Tena Major rivers ~ Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra, Narmada, Tapth Mahaniadl, Godavari, Krishna & Kay>* Rivers. " Unit 4 Scanned with CamScannerLocation, Rel ae d Drainage jor plateatts ~ Malwa, PA Chotanagpur, Deccan, Malwa plateau Bay of Bengal Lakshadweep Islands. \slands a ‘3 % Indian Ocean Scanned with CamScanner| ARABIAN Y INDIAN OCEAN Hi, 7 YG | ; %futia bow Mrepare a table shoveling the major Weet Maytag. a s No. | } 1 [1G Nana " RoTap I 4], Mabanad Name 4, |, Godayart 5. | R. Kelsi Aasume that you are travelling fram West Bengal (0 Gujarat along the beautiful coasts of India, Bind 11 would pass throught oul the states whteh ine, Activity to be do Find out the states through which the elver Ine. Activity to be dane by the Donte Origin Armatloantal pate J Madhya Protea Mutat tn the Betul ALAC ot Madhya Hrailesth Marka vans Maly Nawile diairict of Maharashtin Spring ata place called Mahal An The Western hats in Mal Halakaver Kuslag hills of Karnataka lonwar Hashtin e by the Students tundents Length ne Vine nm kane Waa Kany. r kan 1400 kav Hos kins Haat Huswtuy rivers Mates heneftted Muddhya Piadesl, Mahuarasbiew and Gujarat Pradesh, Malarashinw ant Gujarat Odisha Mahoraehira Andlina nga flows Tributartes Hurl, Halen, Henan ete Vale), Goa Anes, Nest ete anal Salami Whim, Peddavagu, Musi, Keyna and, wall, Kalini, th Anwacay bete rN Arabian Arabian sea Mayol Henygal . | May of Nena Hay of Nengal Nay of Nengal GEOGRAPHY Scanned with CamScanner