Civil Engineering April 2023 Review Innovations Geotechnical Engineering 7

Lateral Earth Pressure Pressure diagram for 1 layer of soil

ACTIVE SOIL PRESSURE – A lateral pressure

exerted by the soil that causes a slight
movement of the wall away from the retained
soil materials.
PASSIVE SOIL PRESSURE – A lateral pressure
exerted by the soil by moving the wall slightly
towards the retained soil materials.
REST EARTH SOIL PRESSURE – A lateral
pressure exerted when there is no movement of
the wall.
Ps = k x γ’ h Pc = 2 x c x √k Pq = k x q Pw = γw x hw

RANKINE EARTH PRESSURE THEORY

1. Active soil pressure 2. Passive soil pressure 3. Rest Earth Pressure

k o = 1 − sin 

Where:
ka, kp, ko– coefficient of lateral earth pressure
φ – angle of internal friction
β – angle of backfill from the horizontal
q – surcharge
c – cohesion

Note:
cos  − cos 2  − cos 2  cos  + cos 2  − cos 2 
ka = cos  k p = cos  cohesion
cos  + cos 2  − cos 2  cos  − cos 2  − cos 2  passive condition

When β=0: When β=0: wall active condition

1 − sin  1 + sin 
ka = kp =
1 + sin  1 − sin 

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