Industrial Security Management

RA no. 5487 - (as amended by PD no. 11) - Private security agency law.

Private Detective Agency - is any person who for hire or reward or on commission conducts or
carries on or holds himself out as conducting or carrying on a detective agency or detective
service.

Private Detective - any person who is not a member of a regular police agency or armed forces
who does detective work for hire,reward or commission.

PADPAO - Philippine Association of Detective and Protective Agency Operators.

Watchmen/Security Guard - person who offers or renders personal service to watch or secure
either residential or business establishment or both or any building,compound or area for hire or
compensation or as an employee thereof.

Security Agency - any person, association, partnership or corporation who recruits,

trains, muster ,furnishes, solicit individuals or business firms, private or government
owned or controlled corporation to engage his services or those of its watchmen.

Who May Organize Security Agency

1. Any Filipino Citizen or a corporation, partnership or association.
2. With a minimum capital required by law.

• In case of corporation, association, or partnership - must be 100 % owned and

controlled by Filipino citizen.
• No person shall organize or have interest in more than one agency.

Qualification of an Operator or Manager of a Security Agency:

1. At least 25 years of age
2. College graduate and/or commissioned
officer in the inactive service of the AFP
3. Good moral character
4. No previous record of any conviction of
any crime/offense involving moral
turpitude 5. Not suffering from any of the
following disqualifications:

1. dishonorably discharged or separate

from the AFP
2. mentally incompetent
3. addicted to the use of narcotic drugs
 4. habitual drunkard

 An elective or appointive government employees who may be called upon on account of

the function of their respective offices in the implementation and enforcement of the
provision of RA 5487 and person related to such government employeesby affinity or
consanguinity in the third civil degree shall not hold any interest, directly or indirectly in
any security guard agency.

Basic Qualification of a security Guard

1. Filipino citizen
2. High school graduate
3. Physically and mentally fit
4. Not less than 21 nor more than 50 years old
5. At least 5'4" in height
6. Not suffering from any disqualification
under RA
5487

• Veterans shall be given priority in employment as security guard or private detective.

• Person convicted of any crime involving moral turpitude shall not be employed as
security guard or private detective.
• Private detective, detective agency, security guard, security agency must first obtain
license from the PNP.
• Employees employed solely for clerical or manual work need not be licensed.
• The license shall be displayed at all times in a conspicuous and suitable place in the
agency office.
• The PNP shall exercise general supervision over the operation of all private detective
and security guard agencies.
• The City/Municipal Mayors has the power as director of the City/Municipal civil
defense to deputize private detective and security guards to help maintain peace and
order or prevent or arrest law violators in case of emergency or in times of disaster or
calamity. They shall take orders from the Chief of Police for the duration of the fire,
inundation, earthquakes, riots or other emergency.
• A security guard or security agency is entitled to possess firearms.
• Firearm must not be higher than .45 caliber.
• Agency is entitled to possess firearm not exceeding one firearm for every security guard
in its employ.
• Security guard is entitled to possess not more than one riot gun or shotgun.
• Firearms shall be carried by the security guard only during his tour of duty in proper
uniform within the compound of the establishment except when he escorts big amount
of cash or valuables in or out of said compound.
 • The Chief PNP shall prescribe the uniform, ornaments, equipment and paraphernalia to
be worn by the security guards.
• Uniforms must be different from the PNP/AFP.
• Salary of security guard - not lower than the minimum wage prescribe by law.

Limitations and Prohibitions on a Security

Agency 1. No agency operating in the City of
manila and suburbs may employ more than
1000 watchmen or security guards.
2. No agency operating in other cities and
first class municipalities may employ more
than 500 watchmen or security guards.
3. No agency operating in municipalities
other than first class may employ more
than 200 watchmen or security guards.
4. No person, corporation, partnership or
association may organize more than one
agency in any one city or municipality.
5. No agency shall offer, render or accept
services to gambling dens or other illegal
enterprises.
6. The extent of the security service being
provided by any security agency shall not
go beyond the whole compound or
property of the person or establishment
requesting the security service except when
they escort big amount of cash.

Who can Issue rules and regulations to carry out the purpose of RA 5487? ans. the chief
PNP, in consultation with the Philippines Association of Detective and Protective Agency
Operators.

What are the penal provisions for violation of RA5487 or its implementing rules? ans.
1. Suspension, fine or cancellation of
license to operate with the forfeiture f bond
filed with the Chief PNP.
2. Imprisonment ranging from 1 to 4
years and fine, in the discretion of the
courts.

Physical security - describes the measures that are designed to deny access to unauthorized
personnel from physically accessing a building, facility, stored information and guidance on
how to design structures to resist potentially hostile acts.
- a system of barriers placed between a potential intruder and the material
or installation to be protected.
Security - the predictable state or condition which is free from harm, injury, destruction,
intimidation or fear. Freedom from fear or danger or defense against crime.

Physical Security System - a barrier or system of barriers placed between the potential intruder
and the matter to be protected. Protective device against hazards, threats, vulnerability and risks.

Purpose/Goals of Physical security

1. deter potential intruders - ex. warning signs, perimeter markings

2. distinguish authorized from unauthorized people - ex. using pass card
3. delay or prevent intrusion attempt - ex. wall, door lock, safe
4. detect intrusion and monitor/record intruders - e. CCTV, intrusion alarm
5. trigger appropriate incident responses - ex. security guards

How to deter potential intruders

1. install warning signs -

2. build fences
3. put vehicle barriers
4. install vehicle height restriction
5. implement restricted access point
6. install sight lighting and trenches

How to distinguish authorized from unauthorized people - access control at the

1. gates
2. doors
3. locks

How to detect intrusion

1. install alarms
2. install intrusion detection monitor
3. install video monitoring system - ex.
cctv

Vigiles (in Rome) - origin of the watchmen although their principal duty was as a fire brigade.
Notable security guards:

1. Frank Wills - detected the Watergate burglars ultimately leading to the resignation of
US president Richard Nixon.

Target hardening - the reduction in criminal opportunity, generally through the use of physical
barriers, architectural design and enhanced security measures of a particular location.

Defensible Space - the range of mechanisms that combine to bring an environment under the
control of its residents.

Demography - the study of the characteristics of population groups.

Principles of Physical Security

1. An intruder must be able to acquire
access to the property in order to benefit.
2. The type of access necessary will
depend upon a number of variable factors
and therefore may be achieved in a
number of ways. 3. There is no
impenetrable barrier.
4. Security is built upon a system of defense
in depth resulting to accumulated delay
time which may lead to the apprehension
of the intruder.
5. Each installation is different from the
others.

2 Kinds of Barriers
1. Natural
2. Artificial

5 Types of Barriers
1. Human
2. Animal
3. Natural
4. Energy/Electrical/Electronic
5. Structural

3 Line of Defense
1. Perimeter Barrier - 1st line of defense.
2. Building Exterior - 2nd line of defense.
3. Interior Controls - 3rd line of defense.
Perimeter Barrier - main purpose is to deny or impede access or exit of unauthorized
persons. Other Purposes
1. It defines the boundary of the property
to be secured.
2. It creates a physical and psychological
deterrent to unauthorized entry.
3. It delays intrusion, thus facilitating
apprehension of intruders.
4. It assists in a more efficient and
economical employment of guards.
5. It facilitates and improves the control
of pedestrian and vehicular traffic.
Components:
1. Types of Fencing (solid/full view)
2. The top guard
3. Types of Protective Alarms Systems
4. Types of Protective and Emergency
Lighting's5. CCTV Cameras and other
Electronic Security Systems/Energy
Barriers

Building Exterior - Components:

1. walls
2. Doors
3. Windows
4. Roof Openings
5. Fire Escapes
6. Protective Alarm Systems
7. Protective and Emergency lightnings
8. CCTV Cameras and other Electronic
Security Systems/Energy Barriers

Interior Controls - Components:

1. ID Systems
2. Protective Alarm Systems
3. Protective Emergency Lighting's
4. Communication Systems
5. CCTV Cameras and other Electronic
Security
Systems/Energy Barriers
6. Restricted Areas (storage areas/utilities)
7. Access Control
8. Key Control
9. Emergency Plans
10.Guards

Natural barriers or features - such as cliffs,ravines,and rivers which delay or make more
difficult to entry of intruders.

Barriers - any line of boundary and separation,natural or artificial,places,or serving as

limitation or obstruction.Anything that bars,keep out,obstruct progress,or prevents
encroachment or intrusion.

Structural barriers - features constructed by man regardless of their original intent that tends
to delay the intruder.ex.walls,ceilings,locks,safe,windows.

Human barriers - guards,charges of quarters,office personnel,shop workers etc. who stand

between the intruder and the matter to be protected.

Animal barriers - usually guard dog.ex. trained German shepherds used as guards,goose,and
turkeys can also be included.

Energy barriers - usually electrical or electronics devices used to provide assistance to guard
personnel.ex. protective lightnings,antiintrusion devices.

Full view fence - it is designed primarily to prevent physical access between two
areas.Constructed in such a way that visual access is permitted through the fence.

Physical Security Features:

1.Natural barriers - natural terrains features
must be considered from the stand point of
their values to intruder as cover and
concealment.Normally the first type
considered very often we have to accept and
work around them.
2.Fences
a. solid fence - one is constructed in such
a way that visual access through the
fenced structure is denied.
b. full view fence - constructed in such a
way that usual access is permitted through
the fence.

Advantages of a full view fence

1. removing patrols and stationary guards
are able to keep area surrounding of the
installation under observation.
2. it does not create shadows which
would provide cover and concealment for
the intruder.

Disadvantages of a full view fence

1. It allows visual access to the
installation,its personnel,its guard and its
activities.
2. It allows the intruders to become
familiar with the movements and the time
schedule of the guard patrols thereafter
allowing him to pick the time for
attempting penetration which would most
advantageous to the intruder.

Advantages of solid fence

1. Denies visual access of the installation
of the intruder.
2. Denies the opportunity for the intruder
to become familiar with the
personnel,activities and the time schedule
of the movements of guards in the
installations.

Disadvantages of solid fence

1. It prevents the guards from observing
the area around the installation.
2. It creates shadows which may be used
by the intruder for cover and concealment.

Minimum acceptable requirements for fence used security

barriers 1. Height - 8 feet at a minimum.
2. Slack at the bottom - not to exceed 2
inches.If the fences are not tight then it
should extend even closer to the ground.
3. Wooden fence post - minimum
horizontal dimension of 4X4 inches.
4.Steel fence post - the round type should at
least be 2 inches at the smallest diameter.
5. Fence post - should be set in concrete
or in firm soil using commercial drive
anchors to a depth of 3 feet and the
maximum distance post is 10 feet.
6. Fence top (Top Guard) - there should
be something on the top of the fence to
deter persons attempting to go over
fence.ex.use of barb wire overhang.The
arms holding the barbwire should be extended
at 45 degree angle in the direction of the
expected approach.
7. Fence area - it should be declared trees
and vegetation and debris of other
materials which would offer concealment
of the intruder or would aid him in scaling
the fence.
8. Fence Gates - gates should be limited
to the no. necessary for efficient and sage
operation of the installation.
9. Fence Opening - all opening in the
fence in excess of 96 inches must be locked
barbed or screen in such a way that they
may be interlocked and opened from the
inside and only by selected personnel.
10.Multiple fence - is used should at least be
10 feet apart and the overhang on the top
of the inner fence should point inward.

4 Basic functions that must be accomplished by the guard system

1. Detect intruders
2. Sound alarms
3. Apprehend unauthorized personnel
4. Identify authorized personnel

Personnel Control Identification

2 Types of identification
1. Personal Recognition - is the most effective
2. Artificial Identification - badges,passes etc.

System of Employment of Personnel Control

Identification 1. Pass system - a method used by
security to screen visitors or person admitted into
building premises. 2. Single pass or Badge system -
the least expensive and the least secure.
3. Group pass and Badge system - one ID for
one
group.
4. Multiple pass system - separate pass is
required for access to various areas in
need ex.color coding 5. Spot magnetized
identification passes - a code may be
 placed in the device and when passes
through a machine,the code on the
device is read,if it contains wrong code
or no code at all,it will alarm.
6. Access list - it contains the names of
authorized persons or personnel and is
checked against identification cards such as
drivers licenses,draft registration etc.

Visitor control - the measures used would depend on the sensibility of the installation but could
include the following:
1. Escort - expensive but most secure
2. Time traveled - if there is a long delay or
time lapse between the departure and
arrival,the visitor may be required to
show cause for the delay.
3. Visitors logs - should contain identifying
data, reasons of visit,time in and hour etc.
4. Visitors entrances - separate access for
visitors and separate for employees .

Utility and maintenance personnel - escort system could be used.If these people visit the
installations on a regular basis some of the systems previously could be used.

Package control - there should be provisions made to check packages being taken in and taken
out.

Photography - extreme caution must be exercised in areas where classified information is

displayed to preclude unauthorized taking of pictures of the installation.

Vehicular control and identification

* Most common identification is for registering at the headquarters or
gates and putting of sticker on thewindows of the vehicles.
* For visitors,the following systems are used:
1. Escort
2. Driver pool - the most secure but the most
expensive.In this system,car is driven by
qualified driver employed by the
installation from the entrance to its
destination and after the conclusion of
the business of the visitor.car is driven
back to the installations entrance. 3. Time
travel - used in less sensitive installations
4. Grid system - a very complicated
system.The installation is divided into
 grid ad squares like a map.Each square is
given a no. or letter designation.The
visitor is then given a map and shown
the route to take to his destination and
should not deviate from the prescribed
route, otherwise he could be stopped
and questioned by the guards.
5. Search of vehicles - sign should be put at
the entrance to the installation that any
vehicle entering is subject to search
anytime.

Types of Protective Alarm Systems

1. Central station system - the control
station is located outside the
installations.When the alarm is sounded by
a subscriber, the central station notifies the
police or protection agency.
2. Property system - the control system is
located inside the installations with its own
firefighter,law enforcer,ambulance,or bomb
disposal unit. 3. Local alarm - the signalling
is near the alarm itself. When the intruder
enters the installation,the alarm goes off
scaring the intruder.Purpose is just to scare
not to apprehend intruder.
4. Auxiliary alarm - the installation owned the
protective alarm with a unit in the nearest
police station so that in case of need,direct
call is possible.

Kinds of Alarms
1. Intrusion alarm - any detecting devices
using electric and their combinations to
signal an alarm when actuated.
2. Laser beam alarm - a laser emitter
floods the wall or fence with a beam so that
when this beam is disturbed by a physical
object,an alarm is activated 3. Photocell alarm
- an invisible or visible beam is emitted and
when disturbed,it activates an alarm or
mechanical device that opens a door or lift
movable barriers,activated by light.
Basic component of an alarm system
1. Annunciation - the heart of the system of
the detecting device and is the
component that activates the triggering
unit.
2. Transmission - it transmit what is detected.
3. Triggering device - the one which emits
those aural or visual signals or both.

Security Survey - The detailed check and audit of what an installation or plant does not have in
relation to its protection from hazards.

Security Inspection - a precess where physical examination is conducted to determine

compliance with established security policies and procedures as a result of security survey.

Purpose of security survey

1. To determine existing state or condition of
security
2. To locate weaknesses and possible defense
3. To determine degree of protection required

Security hazards - an act or condition which result in a situation conductive to a breach of the
protection system and the subsequent loss or compromise of defense,information,company
secrets,or damage to property,personnel,or facilities.

Hazards - exposure to loss or injury.

Two General Categories of Security

Hazards 1. Human hazard - caused by
human
action.Ex.sabotage,pilferage,theft
2. Natural Hazard - caused by natural
phenomena.

Types of Human Hazards

1. Human carelessness
2. Accident
3. Disaffection
4. Disloyalty
5. Subversion
6. Sabotage
7. Espionage
8. Pilferage
9. Theft
10.Vandalism
Protective Security - measures taken by an installation or unit to protect against
sabotage,espionage or subversion and at the same time provide freedom of action in order to
provide the installation or unit with the necessary flexibility to accomplish its mission.

3 Aspects of Security
1. Physical Security - measures taken to
prevent physical access or entry to an
installation.
2. Personnel Security - measures taken
to insure that only authorized personnel
have access to classified documents or
information. 3. Document and
Information Security

Types of Security
1. Physical Security - the most broad.
2. Industrial Security - security of business
installations and industrial plants.
3. VIP Security - protection of high level
officers and important personnel.
4. Bank Security - security of money and
assets stored or in transit.
5. Hotel Security - security for hotel guest and
their personal belongings and property
as well as properties of the hotel.
6. Document security - protection of vital
records from loss or unauthorized
access.
7. Communication Security - measures to
prevent or delay the unauthorized
person in gaining information through
communication.

Physical Security
* Protective barrier - is the physical type
of security. * Barrier - any structure or
physical device capable of
restricting,deterring,delaying illegal access
into installations.
* Perimeter barrier - a medium or
structures which define the physical limits
of an installation or area to restrict or
impede access thereto.Any physical
barrier used to supplement the protection of
the inside perimeter.
* Inside Perimeter - a line of protection
adjacent to the protected area and passing
through points of possible entry into the
area.ex. doors and windows * Outside
perimeter - a line of protection but some
what removed from the protected
area.ex.fence

Types of Perimeter Barrier Opening

1. Gates and Doors
2. Elevators
3. Air intakes,Exhaust tunnels
4. Clear Zone
5. Top Guard
6. Guard Control Stations
7. Tower
8. Barrier maintenance
9. Sign and Notices

Protective Alarms - supplemental physical barriers in a form of sound that cause alarm
installed indoors or outdoors in an installation.

Types of Alarm Systems

1. Metallic foil wire
2. Ultrasonic Detection Device
3. Vibration Detection Device
4. Microwave Motion Detection Device
5. Audio Detection Device
6. Photo Electric or Electric Eye

Kinds of Alarms
1. Bill Traps
2. Foot Rail Activator
3. Knee or thigh button
4. Foot button
5. Double squeeze button

Protective Lighting - provide illumination on areas to be secured that adds psychological

deterrence.

Types of protective Lighting

1. Stationary luminary - consist of series
of fixed luminaries to flood given area
continuously
 Example: glare protection type
2. Standby Lighting - provides continuous
lighting through manual operations.
3. Movable Lighting - stationary or
portable manually operated search lights.
4. Emergency Lighting - duplication of
existing lighting system that is utilized in
the event of electric failure.

Types of Lighting Equipment

1. Street lights - used in parking areas
2. Search Lights - highly focused
incandescent lamps used to pinpoint
potential trouble spot.
3. Flood Lights - project light in a
concentrated beam used in boundaries
and fences.
4. Fresnel Lights - wide beam units primarily
used to extend illumination in long
horizontal strips to protect approaches
to perimeter barrier.

Protective Locks and Keys

1. Lock - a
mechanical,hydraulic,electrical or
electronic device designed to prevent entry
into a building,room,container or hiding
place and to prevent the removal of items
without the consent of the owner.
2. Padlock - portable and detachable lock
having or sliding hasp that passes through
a staple ring.
3. Peterman - A term used in England for
lock picker, safe cracker and penetrators of
restricted areas or rooms.

Types of Locks
1. Lever locks - used in cabinets,drawers,safe
deposit box.
2. Disc-Tumble Locks - used in car doors.
3. Warded Locks - offer little security,used
only to provide privacy.
4. Combination Locks
5. Card Operated Locks
6. Electromagnetic Locks
7. Code operated Locks

Types of Keys
1. Master Key - a special key of opening a
series locks.
2. Grand Master Key - a key that will
open everything in a system involving
two or more master key groups.
3. Change Key - a key to a single lock
within a master keyed system.
4. Sub Master Key - a key will open all
lock with a particular area or grouping in
a given facility.

Types of Security Cabinets

1. Safe
2. vault
3. File Room

Protective Cabinets - considered as the third line of defense against unauthorized persons.

Key Control - a system of controlling keys devised and regulated for disposal,storage and
withdrawals.

Close-in Security Formations

1. One Man Security - 360 degrees coverage.
2. Two Man Security - Each guard has 180
degrees coverage.
3. Three Man Security - has equal areas of
coverage
4. Four Man Security
5. Five Man Security - modified diamond.
6. Six Man Security - (defensive circle) too
much crowd requires arm lock
formation.
Note: Six Man Security is the most
effective.

Defensive In Depth Barriers

1. Outer Ring - securing sidewalks,in
front of quarters or offices,covering all
entrances,front, center,side and rear.
2. Middle Ring - security covering inside
quarters, office,residence,all stairways and
elevators.
3. Inner Ring - immediately outside the
high risk personnel door or the one closest
to the VIP.