Unit 3.

The way we live

Listening & reading Grammar Vocabulary Writing & recording Quiz

Listening: Where do you Present Simple Most common verbs Talking about people Listening quiz:
go every day? Grammar exercises Vocabulary exercises and their habits interrogatives
Listening and reading Question words Prepositions (time)
test Grammar test Vocabulary exercise
Reading Adverbs of frequency Vocabulary test
Grammar exercise

Listening & reading

Listening: Where do you go every day?
Listen to the following audio about Fred, his daily life and the assignment he has to write for school.

Listen to it twice, paying special attention to the vocabulary, and try to answer the following questions
(Listening & reading test). Then, read the text and check your answers.

Suggestion: try to answer the questions before reading, to improve your listening
skills.

Listening & reading test 7. Who listens to music every day?

A. Mark.
B. Beatrix.
C. Philip.
1. What does Fred have to write? 4. How often does Mark have
A. A detective story. breakfast at 8am? 8. How often does Philip go to the
B. A diary. A. Always. cinema?
C. A newspaper article. B. Usually. A. All the time.
C. Never. B. Frequently.
2. How many days a week does Mark C. Not very often.
go to school? 5. Where does Beatrix work?
A. 5. A. School. 9. Does Philip go to bed early?
B. 7. B. Bank. A. All the time.
C. 3. C. Hospital. B. Frequently.
C. Not very often.
3. How often does Mark get up at 6. What time does she normally finish?
7.30am? A. 5 pm. 10. Does Philip read a book in bed?
A. Always. A. Always. 41
B. 6 pm.
B. Sometimes. C. 7 pm. B. Never.
C. Never. C. Don’t know.

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 Reading
Where do you go every day?
Fred has to do a writing assignment for school. − I go to work every day.
He has to write a short detective story. He thinks
the plot can take place in his neighbourhood. Where do you work?
So, before starting to write, he interviews some − I work in a bank.
neighbours and friends to get some inspiration for
the story. What time do you usually finish your work?
Where do you go every weekday? He asked Mark. − I usually finish at 5 pm.
− I go to school every weekday. How often do you listen to music?
What time do you usually get up? − I drive to work, so I listen to music in my car every
day.
− I get up at 7.30 am every day.
Then he asked Philip.
What time do you usually have breakfast?
− Do you often go to the cinema?
− I normally have breakfast at 8 am.
-No, I don’t often go to the cinema. I go once every
Then he asked his friend and neighbour Beatrix. three months.
Beatrix where do you go every day? − Do you sometimes go to bed late?

− Yes, I do. Sometimes I go to bed after midnight.

− What time?

− 3 am.

What do you usually do before going to bed?

− I chat with my friend on Facebook, or post

something on Twitter. I also watch some videos on
YouTube.

What does your mother say about this?

− My mother? She doesn’t know. She thinks I’m

sleeping.

Mmm… Philip certainly could be one of my

characters − He thought.

Vocabulary
Fred has to do a writing assignment for He interviews: él entrevista
school: Fred tiene que hacer una redacción To get some inspiration for the story:
para el colegio conseguir inspiración para su historia
He has to write a short detective story: tiene I drive to work: voy en coche al trabajo
que escribir una historia de detectives She doesn’t know: ella no lo sabe
He thinks: él piensa She thinks I’m sleeping: ella piensa que estoy
The plot: la trama durmiendo
Can take place in his neighbourhood: puede Phillip certainly could be one of my
tener lugar en su barrio characters: Phillip podría seguramente ser
42 Before starting to write: antes de empezar a uno de mis personajes
escribir

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Grammar
Present Simple
Presentation

Study these examples:

I usually listen to music every morning We always take the train on Mondays

When we speak about habitual actions we use the Present Simple tense.

Look over these two texts quickly and think if these sentences are true or false:

A. The girl goes to the gym on Fridays afternoon C. The boy gets up at 10 a.m. on weekends
B. The girl goes to bed at midnight D. The boy loves his job

A. The girl lives in London. She is a sports commentator and presents the news in the evening. She
finishes work very late and doesn’t leave before 2 a.m. She always goes to the gym before work on
Mondays.
B. The boy and his friend take the train very early in the mornings because they start to work at 6
a.m. They don’t listen to music because the train is very crowded and they are sleepy. They work
every day and don’t like their job because it’s not exciting.

Let’s now study how to make sentences with the Present Simple.

Affirmative sentences

Structure: Example:

Subject + verb + object I study English
Yo estudio inglés
subject verb object

We work in an office Nosotros trabajamos en una oficina

You go to the gym on Wednesdays Te vas al gimnasio los miércoles

Present Simple he, she, it

He
She lives in Madrid Have is irregular: he has four children. Not he have
It

Pay attention:
When making affirmative sentences in the Present Simple tense you have to put
the verb in the bare infinitive without “to”, except in the case of the third person
singular (he, she and it). In this case you have to add an “-s” to the main verb. For
example: 43
Correct: He works – Él trabaja
Incorrect: He work

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 Irregular verbs

®® If the verb ends in ch, ss, sh, x or the letter o, you have to add –es in the third person.

Examples:

Present Simple tense

Infinitive Example
(3rd person singular)
She teaches English on Tuesdays
teach teaches
Ella enseña inglés los martes
He misses her
miss misses
Él la echa de menos
She wishes you the best
wish wishes
Ella te desea lo mejor
It mixes well
mix mixes
Se mezcla bien
He goes jogging every day
go goes
Él va a correr todos los días

®® If the verb ends in a consonant + “y”, we remove the “y” and add -ies in the third person singular.

study studies She studies Japanese - Ella estudia japonés

carry carries He always carries his briefcase - Él siempre lleva su maletín

How to ask questions

Pay attention to the use of the adverbs of frequency: every day, once a week, twice a week, etc. and think of its
possible translation in Spanish.

Structure:

Do/ Does + subject + main verb + object?

Examples:

Do you study English? ¿Estudias tú

Do subject main verb object inglés? he
Does she live in Madrid?
it
Do they study German? ¿Estudian ellos español?
Do we know them? ¿Les conocemos?

Pay attention:
®® To ask direct questions we always uses “do” or “does” in English.
®® For the third person singular (he, she, it) we have to use “does” to ask a
44 question. Never use “do” in this case.
®® Do/ does cannot be translated into Spanish, don’t try to make sense of them.
®® The main verb in questions always goes in the bare infinitive without “to”.

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How to answer questions

Structure:

Positive: Yes, + subject + do/ does Negative: No, + subject + don’t/ doesn’t

Examples:

Do you speak English? Do you speak English?

Yes, I do Yes, she does No, I don't No, she doesn’t
Yes subject do Yes, they do No subject don't No, we don't

Never repeat the main verb, like

you do in Spanish. For example: Remember: To ask and answer questions in the third
Correct: Yes, I do. person (he, she, it) we always use “does” never “do”.
Incorrect: Yes, I speak.

How to make negative sentences

Structure:
Pay attention to the contractions.
Subject + do/ does + not + main verb + object
In colloquial English we usually
speak with contractions:
Examples: Do not: don’t.
Does not: doesn’t.
I do not work here. Yo no trabajo Remember: To make
subject do not main verb object aquí negative sentences and ask
questions we always use the
He doesn’t study German Él no estudia alemán auxiliary verb “do” or “does”
(for the third person).
You don’t speak Japanese Tú no hablas japonés

How to ask negative questions

®® When we expect a confirmation:

Doesn’t he work here? - ¿No trabaja él aquí?

®® Invitations:
Don’t you want to come? - ¿No quieres venir?

®® To show surprise for something that has not happened, or is not happening:
Don’t you know it? - ¿No lo sabes?

Structure:

Don’t/ doesn’t + subject + main verb + object?

Examples:

Don’t you work here? ¿No trabajas 45

Do not subject verb object tú aquí?

Don’t they like chocolate? ¿No les gusta el chocolate?

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 Uses:

®® A permanent state or situation: ®® Facts or general truths:

They live in Madrid Water boils at 100 ºC
Ellos viven en Madrid El agua hierve a los 100 ºC

®® A timetable and schedules: ®® An activity that happens regularly:

The museum opens at 9 o’clock She often goes to the cinema
El museo abre a las 9 en punto Ella va frecuentemente al cine

It is important to remember the difference between the Present Continuous and

the Present Simple, although we will study it in more detail in the following units.

Present Simple vs. Present Continuous

As we have said before, the Present Simple is used for permanent situations or states, facts or general truths or
for actions that take place repeatedly.

On the other hand, we use the Present Continuous for actions happening at or around the time of speaking;
the action is not complete.

Compare:

Julia wants to work in Italy, so she’s learning Italian

Most people learn to swim when they are children

There are some verbs that are not normally used in the Present Continuous:

like love want know understand

gustar amar querer conocer, saber entender
remember depend prefer hate need
recordar depender preferir odiar necesitar
mean believe forget belong seem
significar creer olvidar pertenecer parecer

Example:

I’m hungry. I want something to eat (not I´m wanting)

Tengo hambre. Quiero algo para comer

Do you understand what I mean? (not Are you understanding…?)

¿Entiendes lo que quiero decir?

“Do you know that girl?” “Yes, but I don’t remember her name”
46 ¿Conoces a esa chica?, “Sí, pero no recuerdo su nombre”

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Grammar exercises
1. Fill in the gaps with the following verbs in Present Simple:

boil close cost like like

meet speak teach cut open

A. Martha speaks two languages.

B. In Thailand, the banks usually at 09:30 in the morning.

C. The Cathedral at 7 o’clock in the evening.
D. Caroline is a teacher. She English to adults.
E. My job is very interesting. I a lot of people.
F. John his hair twice a year.
G. An I-Pod is expensive. It a lot of money.
H. Water at 100 degrees Celsius.
I. Catherine and I are good friends. I her and she me.

Don’t forget to add –s, -es, etc. if it is needed.

2. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb between brackets. They could be negative or affirmative.

A. Caroline speaks four languages - Russian, Chinese, German and Spanish but she doesn’t speak French.

B. I (like) my job. It´s very boring and monotonous.

C. “Where’s John?” “I´m sorry. I (know)”.
D. Sandy is a silent person. She (talk) much.
E. Mark (drink) a lot of tea. It´s his favourite drink.
F. It´s not true! I (believe) it!
G. Peter is a vegetarian. He (eat) meat.

3. Write the questions for the answers given using the following verbs:

be get up like teach

do go enjoy work

A. What your job? I work in a bookshop.

B. it? Yes, of course; it’s lovely, really nice.
C. What time in the morning? At 8 o’clock.
D. on Sundays? Never.
E. How to work? I usually go by train.
F. What your friend ? He’s a teacher. 47
G. What ? History.
H. his profession? No, he doesn´t; he finds it boring.

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 Question words
In order to form correct questions, please study the following table with the explanation and meaning for the
interrogative question words:

Interrogative Phonetic Translation Example

What colour is it? / What do you do in the morning?

What? /hwɑːt/ ¿Qué?
¿De qué color es? / ¿Qué haces por las mañanas?

Where is she from? / Where do you go?

Where? /hwer/ ¿Dónde?
¿De dónde es ella? / ¿Dónde vas?

When are you there? / When do you listen to music?

When? /hwen/ ¿Cuándo?
¿Cuándo estás allí? / ¿Cuando escuchas música?

Why are we lazy? /Why does he talk like that?

Why? /hwaɪ/ ¿Por qué?
¿Por qué somos vagos? / ¿Por qué habla el así?

Which is yours? / Which color do you prefer, pink or red?

Which? /hwɪtʃ/ ¿Cuál? ¿Cuáles?
¿Cuál es tuyo? / ¿Qué color prefieres, rosa o rojo?

How are you? / How often do you go to the dentist?

How? /haʊ/ ¿Cómo?
¿Cómo estás? / ¿Con qué frecuencia vas al dentista?

¿Cuánto? ¿Cuánta? How much is it? /How much does the tie cost?
How much /haʊ/
incontable ¿Cuánto cuesta? / ¿Cuánto cuesta la corbata?

How many are there? / How many apples do you have?

How many /haʊ/ ¿Cuántos/as?
¿Cuántas/os hay? / ¿Cuántas manzanas tienes?

Who are you?

Who? /huː/ ¿Quién/ A quién?
¿Quién eres tú?

Whose pen is this?

Whose? /huːz/ ¿De quién?
¿De quién es este bolígrafo?

Sometimes, the English interrogatives do not coincide with the Spanish interrogatives:

®® What‘s your name? ¿Cómo te llamas?

®® How old are you? ¿Cuántos años tienes? (literalmente: ¿Cuánto de viejo/a eres?)
®® How tall are you? ¿Cuánto mides?
®® How long is it? ¿Cuánto dura?
®® How big is it? ¿Qué tamaño tiene?
®® How far is it? ¿A qué distancia está?
®® How often? ¿Con qué frecuencia?

48 Exception: when “what” doesn’t appear at the beginning of the sentence and it’s
not a question, it has a different meaning. It means “lo que” in Spanish.
Example: It’s what I told you - Es lo que te dije

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What is the difference between “what” and “which”?

We use “what” when we can choose from many objects (objects, people) and we use “which” when we can only
choose between few objects and, usually, the options can be seen. For example:

What car is right for me? - ¿Qué tipo de coche es el adecuado para mí?

Notice: there are many types of cars, so I have a great variety from which to choose.
The translation of “which” is not always “¿cuál/cuáles?” It can be “¿qué? ”.

If I’m looking at two cars and I ask the person I am speaking to:

Which one is yours? The red one or the blue one? - ¿Cuál es tuyo? ¿El rojo o el azul?

Notice: there are only two cars in front of me; therefore I use “which”.

Which flavour do you like? - ¿Qué sabor te gusta?

How to use “whose” (“de quién”)

Whose pens are these? Whose shirt is it?

¿De quién son estos bolígrafos? ¿De quién es la camisa?

Remember: we want to know who

owns the object. The object goes
right after “whose”. In Spanish, Whose keys are these?
however, the object goes at the end ¿De quién son estas llaves?
of the question.

Grammar test 7. is she crying?

A. How.
B. Why.
C. Who.
1. does the big one cost? 4. are you going on holiday?
A. How. A. Who. 8. do you work with?
B. How many. B. What. A. Who.
C. How much. C. When. B. Why.
C. Which.
2. do you like, the big one 5. coat is that? Mary’s or Jane’s?
A. Which. 9. do you travel to work?
or the small one?
B. Whose. By bicycle or car?
A. What.
C. Who. A. Whom.
B. Which.
B. When.
C. Whose.
6. people can fit inside the C. How.
3. does your family live? concert hall? 10. is your surname? 49
A. Where. A. How. A. How.
B. What. B. How many. B. What.
C. How. C. How much. C. Witch.

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 Adverbs of frequency
When we speak in the Present Simple we often use words called “adverbs of frequency” or “adverbial phrases”.
These words or “phrases” (more than one word) indicate how often an activity takes place. Here you have a list
of the most common adverbs of frequency and adverbial phrases:

English Spanish English Spanish

Always Siempre Rarely Rara vez

Usually Usualmente Hardly ever Casi nunca

Often Frecuentemente Never Nunca

Frequently Frecuentemente Every day Todos los días

Occasionally Ocasionalmente Once a week Una vez por semana

Sometimes A veces Twice a month Dos veces al mes

Seldom Rara vez Three times a year Tres veces al año

Where do we place the adverbs of frequency in a sentence?

®® We usually put one-word adverbs (and hardly ever) before the main verb. Example:

He always listens to music

Él siempre escucha música
subject adverb of F. main verb object

®® When we use am, is, are, was or were (the verb “to be”), we put the adverb after the verb.

They are never happy

Ellos nunca están contentos
subject main verb adverb of F. object

®® When we use auxiliary verbs (have/has) or modal verbs (can, could, might, etc.), we put the adverb after
the auxiliary verb or the modal verb.

We have often worked together Hemos trabajado juntos

subject aux. verb adverb of F. verb + object frecuentemente

50
You can seldom see her
Rara vez puedes verla
subject aux. verb adverb of F. verb + object

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®® We can put usually, often, sometimes and occasionally at the beginning or the end of a sentence but this is
normally in spoken language.

Usually they are wrong

Generalmente, están equivocados
adverb of F. subject verb object

We cannot put “always” or “never” at the beginning

or the end (unless it is an order or instruction
when it can stand at the front).

Incorrect: Always they are late always. Ellos siempre

llegan tarde.
Correct: They are always late.

®® Adverbial phrases can be put at the beginning or the end of the sentence.

I go to the gym twice a week

Voy al gimnasio dos veces por semana
subject verb object adverbial phrase

Grammar exercise

1 My brother speaks to me (never) My brother never speaks to me

2 Caroline is very polite (always)

3 He finishes work at 7 0’clock (usually)

4 He goes to bed before midnight (rarely)

5 The bus is late (usually)

6 I don’t eat meat (often)

7 We stay in the same hotel (always)

8 Peter doesn’t work on Saturdays (usually)

9 What does Michael have for lunch? (usually)

10 Do you play tennis? (often)

hh Master class: Question words

This video will help you to remember the question words and how to use them.
51
hh Master class: Present Simple tense
This video shows you a revision of all the grammar aspects of the Present Simple tense.

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 Vocabulary
Most common verbs
Listen to these verbs in the Present Simple tense and repeat what you hear as many times as you need in order
to pronounce them perfectly.

English Spanish Example

go They go to school every day - Van al colegio todos los días
ir
(3rd p. goes) She goes to work every day - Ella va a trabajar todos los días
have We have many cars - Tenemos muchos coches
tener
(3rd p. has) He has a car - Él tiene un coche
do I do the shopping on Saturdays - Hago la compra los sábados
hacer en general
(3rd p. does) She does her homework in her room - Ella hace los deberes en su habitación
make hacer con las manos We make breakfast at 8 a.m. - Preparamos el desayuno a las 8 am.
want querer I want a pizza - Quiero tomar una pizza
read leer Do you read many newspapers? - ¿Lees muchos periódicos?
write escribir How many emails do you write every day? - ¿Cuántos emails escribes cada día?
walk caminar She walks to work - Ella va andando al trabajo
run correr Don’t run - No corras
talk hablar We have to talk about that - Tenemos que hablar de eso
speak decir, hablar How many languages do you speak? - ¿Cuántos idiomas hablas?
She studies every night - Ella estudia cada noche
study estudiar
What do you study? - ¿Qué estudias tú?
see ver Do you often see her? - ¿La ves frecuentemente?
watch ver, observar How often do you watch TV? - ¿Con qué frecuencia ves la televisión?
look mirar I don’t want to look at that - No quiero mirar eso
work trabajar Do you work here? - ¿Trabajas tú aquí?
wake up despertarse What time do you wake up every day? - ¿A qué hora te despiertas?
go to bed ir a dormir What time do you normally go to bed? - ¿A qué hora sueles irte a dormir?
have breakfast desayunar What do you want to have for breakfast? - ¿Qué quieres para desayunar?

Vocabulary exercises
1. Match the verbs and nouns to make meaningful sentences.

1. have   A. the news on TV 9. have   I. an email

2. wash   B. your friends 10. clear up   J. the mess
3. watch   C. your hair 11. do   K. a shower
4. meet   D. breakfast 12. send   L. the washing-up
5. cook   E. magazines 13. make   M. to music
6. go   F. a meal 14. relax   N. your homework
52 7. put on   G. make-up 15. listen   O. a cup of coffee
8. read   H. to the toilet 16. do   P. in front of the TV

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2. Complete these sentences with the correct words from the previous exercise.

1. She never breakfast on weekdays, only at weekends.

2. Mary has a hot every day.
3. I wash my at least six times a week.
4. Anna didn´t have time to any make-up this morning.
5. My brother-in-law never reads anything, he only music.
6. I often do the because we haven’t got a dishwasher.
7. I´m going to a cup of tea. Does anybody want one?
8. My mom always the ten o’clock news on TV.
9. My father says I meet my too much.
10. He made his mess so he it up!
11. Can I an email from your laptop?
12. How can you listen to while you´re studying?
13. Karl is always so tired after work, he just wants to in front of the TV.
14. He cooks a for 20 people every Sunday.
15. He didn´t forget to his homework. He forgot to bring it.
16. Can you wait a minute? I need to to the toilet on the 2nd floor.

Prepositions (time)

Preposition Use Example

months In November; in January En noviembre, en enero

year In 1968; in 2012 En 1968, en el 2012

in seasons In winter En el invierno

In the morning; in the afternoon; Por la mañana, por la tarde, por la tarde-
part of the day
in the evening noche

when In a minute; in three weeks En un minuto, en tres semanas

Preposition Use Example

night/weekend At night/weekend Por la noche/el fin de semana

time of day At 5 o'clock; at midnight A las 5, a medianoche

at
celebrations At Christmas; at Easter En navidades, en Semana Santa

53
fixed phrases At the same time Al mismo tiempo

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 Preposition Use Example

days of the week On Sunday; on Friday El domingo, el viernes

date On 21st January El 21 de enero

on
On Good Friday; on Easter Sunday; El Viernes Santo, el Domingo de Resurrección,
special holidays
On New Year’s Day; on my birthday el día de Año Nuevo, en mi cumpleaños

a special part of
On Monday morning El lunes por mañana
a day

Important: we don´t use in/at/in before the following expressions:

®® This: Are you going out this evening?

®® Last: The garden was lovely last summer
®® Next: I´m going on holiday next Monday
®® Every: Sue gets up early every day

Vocabulary exercise
Complete the following sentences with at/on/in, if necessary:

1. Goodbye! See you Thursday. 9. We often go to the coast summer.

2. Where were you 8th June? 10. Do you work Sundays?
3. I don’t like getting up early the morning. 11. I´m leaving next week.
4. I phone Mark every Monday. 12. I never feel tired the evening.
5. Do you go out Wednesdays? 13. Will you be at work this evening?
6. Did you go out Saturday evening? 14. I´m going out. I’ll be back 3 hours.
7. Let’s meet 5.30 tomorrow evening. 15. I like going to the beach night.
8. I often go out the weekend.

Vocabulary test
7. The meeting is the afternoon.
Complete the following sentences with at/on/in A. at
B. in
1. Christmas is the 25th December. 4. I was born a Saturday. C. on
A. at A. at
8. We are going to the Bahamas
B. in B. in
Easter.
C. on C. on
A. at
B. in
2. New Year’s Day is winter. 5. I will help you a moment. C. on
A. at A. at
B. in B. in 9. She was born 2007.
C. on C. on A. at
B. in
3. I always get up very early the 6. I said I would meet him twelve C. on
54 morning. o’clock. 10. I love the weather April.
A. at A. at A. at
B. in B. in B. in
C. on C. on C. on

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Writing & recording
Talking about people and their habits
1. Think of a person you know well, a relative or a friend. You are going to write about him/her and then
record yourself talking about that person and send it to your tutor. Look at the chart below as a guide to
prepare the text. Use the question words and vocabulary you have learnt in this unit.

Possible questions Possible verbs to use

Name? Like
Age? Watch
Lives in? Speak
Job/Studies? Work
What car? Study
What sports? Play
What food? Live
Likes/doesn’t like? Read

Example:

Melanie is a girl from the United States. She is 35 years old. She is married but she hasn’t
got any children. She lives in Madrid and she is an English teacher. She doesn´t drive a
car but she goes to work by train. She speaks four languages: English, Spanish, French and
German. She doesn´t like sports but she likes to cook. She usually goes to the supermarket
on Saturday. She often eats vegetables. Every summer she goes to the USA and stays there
2 months. Her birthday is in July. She usually goes to the cinema on Friday.

2. Now, you need to record yourself using the expressions and grammar learnt from this unit.

Quiz
Listening quiz: interrogatives
7. When does the person go on holiday?
Listen to the interview of a British person and, then, answer A. Don’t know.
the questions. B. June.
C. January.

1. What’s the name of the person? 4. Which is true of the Eden Project? 8. What sport do they do on holiday?
A. Alex. A. It is nice. A. Skiing.
B. Alice. B. It is famous. B. Surfing.
C. Art. C. It is hot. C. Swimming.

2. Where do they come from? 5. What is inside a Yorkshire pasty? 9. What sport do they do near home?
A. Chester. A. Fish. A. Skiing.
B. Cornwall. B. Vegetables. B. Surfing.
C. Coventry. C. Meat. C. Swimming.
6. Which does the person prefer,
3. What do they do?
bicycle, car or train?
10. What is excellent? 55
A. Writer. A. The beaches.
A. Bicycle.
B. Chef. B. The water.
B. Car.
C. Gardener. C. The waves.
C. Train.

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