Leonid Kulikoy The Vedic -ya=presents Passives and intransitivity in Old Indo-Aryan Rodopi SSsi PARTE Survey of-ya-presents presents, denoting spontaneous change of state stha ‘stand’: sthiya ish td pe! KS" 33:12 in ts bated sed RS! 75:6 1619 KpS? 5453.4 Sm ee pt as pes pase of aus thy ar omore’ AB 7372 + pratt “put down’ JB 1212 (ratiythapyamdnam suet day + sam accomplish’ GB 12.9:42.9"* “The fundamentally intransitive ver sha can be passivze in scondary teansitives with reverb as well sin causative, Examples ae vith ih: (ks 15.3:181.22-182.1) ‘ua sahasram pasan prapmad athe valsnavam vamanam 2 lata ‘prvishiya. etarmin vet tat sahasram iy atshat. sa wy algad ‘adhshivamanah he obtains thousand head of eatle, then he should sacrifice a SV 1186-187 ed BEnvey 122523) ~ RV 846.10 and RV 86.19}; through these 0 [verses they grow ft" sph is one of te parade examples of he so-called ong diphthong rots (Cpt in eater notation, and aphivex™ was usually analysed aso class frost (phay-at) bt, syehronically, t ean readily e grouped with The, monpasive middle “yorpresents, Like the phonologiclly and emnantcally similar pio” and vo", sphaya-"(logeter wih its late ariant sph") denotes spontaneous, non-conollable processes and ‘longs withthe verbs of change of state sm ‘remember’: smarya* ‘TA™ 1.12.1, 50, tte Up agentes pass. The passive sma” (Ta 112.1) ‘sama shard smaryate na eo debate ‘fthe manifestations of Rudra are] innumerable, (there are} thousands; [he] canbe remembered but cannot be seen” st appears in alate Vedle mantra iat Fora dicanion of is passage, sce ao Evo 2004: 4D, 1am dank 0 1W, Kno fr vl comments om his passage Cr eg WACKERNAGEUDERRUNNR 1896 [AIG T]: 8K OsMOFT 1910: 97 Pension Mst, 717; ChanreNTER 19128 127; and, ost weeny, RASMUSSEN 199 28, 62; sean Mave EWA I, 76