The Unaugmented Verb-Forms of The Rig - and Atharva-Vedas

The Unaugmented Verb-Forms of the Rig- and Atharva-Vedas
Author(s): John Avery

Source: Journal of the American Oriental Society , 1885, Vol. 11 (1885), pp. 326-361
Published by: American Oriental Society
Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/592196
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide
range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and
facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at
https://about.jstor.org/terms
American Oriental Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access
to Journal of the American Oriental Society
This content downloaded from

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms
ARTICLE X.
THE
UNAUGMENTED VERB-FORMS
OF THE
RIG- AND ATHARVA-VEDAS.
BY JOHN AVERY,
PROFESSOR IN BOWDOIN COLLEGE, BRUNSWICK, ME.
Presented to the Society May 7th, 1884.
IT is well known that the most ancient form of Sanskrit

speech, like the earliest dialect of Greek, often omitted the
augment in the past tenses of the verb. This usage is most
common in the Rig-Veda; is less so in the Atharva-Veda; is
rare in the Brahmanas; and has disappeared from the later
language, except in some aorist-forms after the prohibitive mca,
and in. a few other sporadic instances. It appears, moreover,
that these abbreviated forms have in great part undergone a
change in sense; that, while some retain the proper significa-
tion of their several tenses, a large number have in some way
come to have a, for the most part, indefinite present or "tense-
less" meaning-being often coordinate with true present-
indicative forms-or have acquired a modal sense, and are
employed in all situations where a true subjunctive, optative,
or imperative form might have occurred.
So far as I am aware, no one has hitherto collected all occur-
rences of these forms and classified them according to their
several uses. This is the task which is set for the following
pages-one which can be brought to only an approximately
certain conclusion, as will presently be explained. The search
has been limited to the Rig- and Atharva-Vedas, since in these
works the great body of such forms occur. I have looked
through the text of the former, checking my results by Grass-

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
Unaugmented Verb-Forms in the Veda. 327
mann's Glossary; and have used for the latter Professor

Whitney's Index Verborum.
The inquiry will relate to the following points:-1. What is
the relative frequency of augmentless forms in the different
tense-systems; 2. How many have a noli-modal sense, and
what is the actual tense-use-present, preterit, or aorist-of
these; 3. Of forms having a modal sense, how many are used
subjunctively and how many optatively.
I shall thus confine myself to a statement of the actual use
of these forms, so far as that is discoverable, leaving for the
present almost untouched the more difficult question, how this
use came about.
Before taking up the main theme of the paper, one or two
preliminary remarks will be in place. First, on account of the
fragmentary condition in which some verbs have survived in
the oldest texts, there is a certain number of forms which it is
impossible to assign with entire confidence to a particular tense.
This is especially true where the formal distinction between
tenses is slight and not in every case consistently maintained.
Such closely allied formations are the root-aorist and the root-
class of the present-system, the a-aorist and the accented d-class,
and the reduplicated stems of the present, perfect, and aorist
systems. Since this difficulty has been referred to, with illus-
trative examples, by Delbriick in his Das Altindische Verbum,
it is unnecessary to dwell on it here, only to say that I have
followed Whitney's grammar in distributing doubtful forms
among the several tenses; and further, that, considering our
scanty, and for the most part conjectural, knowledge of the
earliest history of the Old-Indian verb, the distinction of pre-
terit and aorist must in case of some verbs be provisional, and
founded on general analogies of structure rather than on actual
difference of signification. It seems, indeed, d priori not un-
reasonable to suppose that in texts like the ones under con-
sideration, whose material must have slowly grown up during
many centuries, and at a period in Aryan society when the
formative processes of the language were especially active, the
same verbal form may represent more than one stage of de-
velopment-that addt, for example, might stand in an early
hymn for an indefinite past or "imperfect," in contrast with a
real or hypothetical present ddti, and in a later hymn for a past
near at hand, or "aorist," in contrast with a later developed
adadat. It may not be possible to make the case out clearly,
on account of the difficulty of fixing the chronological order of
the hymns; but, unless some such state of things exists, I can-
not understand the frequent inconsistencies of the poets in the
choice of tenses. This suggests the importance of judging of
the tense-use of each verbal form from its immediate context

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
328 J. Avery,
rather than from its assumed relation to a general system of

tense-significations.
Secondly, a similar doubt may arise in connection with mode-
forms. This occurs when the mode-sign of the subjunctive
disappears in a long root- or stem-vowel, as in the 2d and 3d
sing. act. of the na-class; so in the root-aorist, if sthati, ddti,
and the like, are true subjunctives with primary endings, can
we be sure that sthat and ddt were not regarded as the same
with secondary endings, even though asthdt and addt occur ?
It appears, indeed, that final radical 4 is sometimes.dropped
before the modal a, leaving dada, dadha, etc., as the subjunc-
tive stem; still, such forms as adas, adat, adanta are not want-
ing. Thirdly, some augmentless forms of the a-aorist are not
clearly distinguishable from true subjunctives of the root-aorist.
A prominent example is bhuovan etc.; so, too, aranta might be
true subjunctive to arata, 3 pl. of the root-form, or augmentless
indicative after the pattern of stems like aran of the a-form, if
regard were had to structure alone. Fourthly, there are a few
so-called pluperfect stems ending in a, which, when augment-
less, are not to be distinguished from true perfect subjunctives.
Finally, a part of the imperative inflection is identical with
augmentless preteritive forms; though here the accent some-
times furnishes a probable ground for discrimination.
Besides these classes of forms, there are others of a more
exceptional character, which likewise cause perplexity. Such
are: dpam etc., whose initial a gives no evidence of the pres-
ence or absence of the augment; adat, from ad, whose ultimate
a may be a mode-sign, or an insertion, as allowed by the gram-
marians, to preserve the ending; asan, whose last a may be
modal or a part of the ending, as in dsan; and zQata, 3d sing.,
which occurs only after md or makis. Professor Whitney cites
it as a true subjunctive, and would make it the only instance,
perhaps, of such a form with the prohibitive particle. Rather
than assume this exception, I have preferred to regard it as one
of the not infrequent cases of transfer from the root- to the a-
class, and have therefore admitted it as an augmentless form.
These remarks are enough to show that the number of forms
which should be considered augmentless cannot be stated with
absolute precision; but, happily, the doubtful cases are a small
minority of the whole, and cannot materially affect the result.
Moreover, the number is considerably diminished, 1st, by the
fact that when such occur after the prohibitive ma it may be
fairly assumed that they are not true subjunctives; and, 2d,
by coordination with a verb in the indicative mode, or by the
general requirements of the sense.
We may now proceed to the first point of our inquiry, which
relates to the relative frequency of augmentless forms in the sev-

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
eral tense-systems. The whole number of such forms which I

have noted in the two Vedas is 2511, of which 2036 occur in the
Rik and 475 in the Atharvan. The total occurrences of aug-
mented forms in the Rig-Veda, as stated in my History of Verb-
Inflection in Sanskrit, are about 3300, of which 2065 are counted
with the imperfect, and 1194 with the aorists. In the Atharva-
Veda, augmented forms occur about 1447 times; so that, com-
paring the latter with the former statements, we find that in the
Rig-Veda unaugmented forms are to augmented ones about as 1
to 1.62 and in the Atharva-Veda as I to 3.05-a marked decrease
in frequency for the later text. Of augmentless forms in RV.,
870, or about 42.7 per cent. of the whole, are found in the present
system (counting both primitive and derivative conjugations);
28, or 1.4 per cent., are classed more or less confidently with the
perfect-system; and 1138, or 55.9 per cent., are distributed
among the several stems of the aorist. Not only does the aorist
as a whole claim more than half of the augmentless forms, but
the root-aorist stands foremost, with 487, or 42.8 per cent. of the
occurrences. Next comes the a-aorist, with 322, or 28.3 per
cent.; the is-aorist, with 164, or 14.4 per cent.; the reduplicated
aorist, with 119, or 10.5 per cent. ; the s-aorist, with 37, or 3.2 per
cent.; and the sa-aorist, with 9, or .8 per cent. The sis-aorist is
unrepresented in the Rig-Veda. The case is quite different in the
Atharva-Veda; for, while in RV. nearly half of the augmentless
forms occur in the present-system, in AV. there is a marked tend-
ency to confine them to the aorist, where they stand to those in
the present-system numerically as 4 to 1-a fact prophetic of the
later usage. The specifications are as follows: the present-system
has 92 occurrences, or 19.4 per cent. of the whole number; the
perfect-system has I instance; and the aorist has the remaining
382 cases, or 80.6 per cent. of all. In the distribution of these
forms among the aorist-stems, AV. does not differ markedly from
RV. The root-form leads off, with 135, or 35.3 per cent. of aorist
occurrences. The a-form draws a little nearer, with 95 occur-
rences, or 24.9 per cent. Next follow in order the is form with
68 instances, the s-form with 41, the reduplicated form with 22,
the sis-form with 14, and the sa-form with 7.
The second part of our task was to separate augmentless forms
into two grand divisions : the first to include those having a non-
modal (indicative) sense, and the second those having a modal
(subjunctive or optative) sense. We were further to inquire into
the actual tense-use of those grouped in the first division. Here
we are confronted at the outset with the question of interpreta-
tion. We hardly need to be reminded that there are still many
dark verses that baffle the translators, in these ancient texts; and
further, that the employment of mode and tense presents so many
irregularities that one is often puzzled to know what rational
principle governed their choice. One needs only to compare at
random pages of the two complete translations of the Rig-Veda
to appreciate the difficulty. I have constantly had before me the
VOL. xi. 42

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
330 J. Avery,
renderings of Grassmann and Ludwig; though I have followed

neither exclusively, but have endeavored to form an independent
judgment, aided by the best light obtainable. Of course I do
not expect that everyone will accept my understanding of each
of the more than twenty-five hundred cases under consideration;
but I trust that the difference of opinion will not be so great as
to prevent substantial agreement in the results. At any rate,
the whole material is spread before the reader, and he can modify
the conclusions to suit his own views.
Turning first to the Rig-Veda, we find, as I think, that, as
regards signification, the augmentless forms are divided about
equally between a non-modal and a modal use. The figures are,
1027 to the former and 1009 to the latter. Of the former, a little
more than half, or 554 instances, occur in the present-system, 17
in the perfect-system, and the remaining 456 in the aorist, of
which 351 (235 + 116) occur in the simple-aorist, to 105 for all the
forms of the sibilant-aorist.
The loss of so important a factor of tense-expression as the
augment naturally led to inexactness of tense-use; and we find,
in fact, that the great body of non-modally-used forms are
divided, as to time, between an indefinite present and an indefi-
nite past. I have reckoned 368 instances with the former, and
567 with the latter. These are distributed among the tense-
systems in about the usual proportion. A past near at hand, or
aorist, has been observed 92 times only, of which about five-
sixths occur in the aorist-system. The distinction between the
aorist and the imperfect sense cannot be certainly applied in every
case, and there are passages where either would about equally
suit the connection. The indefinite present is employed in the
statement of general facts unrestricted as to time-such as the
attributes of deities, their personal appearance, or their oft-recur-
ring exploits. A true present indicative often occurs coordinated
with such forms. A few examples, out of a large number, will
illustrate this usage: RV. viii. 68. 2. ":He clothes (abhy arnoti)
the naked, heals (bhisakti) the wounded; the blind sees (prd
khyat), the lame goes about (nir bhit);' x. 10. 2. "Thy friend
desires (vasti) not that friendship . . . ; the sons of the great
Asura, the heroes who support Heaven, see far around (pdri
khyan) ;" x. 80. 1. "Agni gives (dadati) the booty-winning steed
. . . ; Agni wanders (carat) here and there adorning the two
worlds;'" Val. 2. 8. "Thy chariot-horses . . . with which thou
dost strike down (nighosfdyas) the enemy of man, with which
thou dost ride around (pari'yase) the heavens;" ix. 74. 1. "When
born in the wood, he cries out (cakradat) like an infant, when he,
the ruddy steed, is striving to reach (sisasati) the light." One
may see, further, RV.i. 87.3; 132.5; 152.3; 169.3; 175.8. ii.
19. 4. iii. 16. 2. vii. 32. 21. viii. 2. 39. x. 4. 5; 80. 2; 123. 1.
The use of augmentless forms in a historical sense would call
for no special remark, were it not for the tendency to obliterate
the distinction of imperfect and aorist. In the following pas-

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
sages the latter stands for the former, being in most coordinated
with that or the perfect: RV. ii. 20. 8. iii. 31. 12. iv. 28. 1. v.
29. 4; 31. 8. viii. 85. 16. x. 46. 2; 73. 2; 123. 4.
As we turn, next, to the Atharva-Veda, we are not surprised to
find that the lapse of time has developed still more the tendency
of the language to confine the augmentless forms to a modal use;
for, instead of a nearly equal division between a non-modal and a
modal use, which obtains in the Rik, we find in the Atharvan
only 42 instances of the former to 433 of the latter-a ratio of 1
to 10, nearly. Only 13 belong to the present-system; 23 are
found in the simple-aorist; and 6 in the sibilant-aorist.
The third, and last, point of our inquiry referred to the second
grand division of augmentless forms, or those used in a modal
sense. I have attempted to separate subjunctively-used from
optatively-used forms, and under the latter head have separately
designated forms with nma. Under subjunctive uses are placed
dependent clauses of purpose or condition, expressions of will (1st
person), questions of doubt, and certain occurrences with na
which seem to approach the future in sense and are best rendered
by " shall not" or " cannot." The optative use, including forms
with mna, expresses a wish, which in the Veda frequently ap-
proaches a demand. Since these forms possess no mode-sign,
their non-modal or modal sense can only be determined by the
context-a coordinate verb or the general sense of the passage;
and there are not a few cases where an indicative or a subjunc-
tive, an indicative or an optative would make about equally good
sense.
We have seen that augmentless forms occur in a modal sense
1009 times in the Rig-Veda. Of these, 202 are counted with the
subjunctive, and 807 with the optative-491 without and 316 with
ma. The former occurs with about equal frequency in th
present- and aorist-systems. The latter use, without mt, is more
common in the aorist, in about the ratio of 1.51 to 1 ; and with
ma the ratio increases to 2.20 to 1. As we have so often noted
the simple-aorist, especially the root-form of it, claims the largest
number of occurrences.
Examples of the optative use, with and without ma, are too
common to need citation. They may occur coordinated with
true subjunctives, optatives, or imperatives. The following are a
few of the passages where the subjunctive sense occurs in the
relations mentioned above: RV. ii. 19. 2. iv. 27. 3. viii. 91. 8. x.
22. 14 (purpose); i. 165. 10. vii. 64. 4; 93. 3. x. 87. 13 (condition);
ii. 18.3. vi. 32.1. x. 27. 2; 86. 5 (will); iv. 31. 1. vii. 86. 2. x. 28.
5 (question); i. 164. 16. ii. 30. 7. viii. 47. 1; 60. 4 (w. na).
Finally, in the Atharva-Veda, 19 of the 433 cases of modally-
used augmentless forms have a subjunctive sense, 73 are used
optatively without ma, and 341 have the same sense with ma.
Of the last, 48 only are counted with the present-system, and the
remaining 293 are found with the aorist. This ratio of about 6
to 1 in favor of the aorist is striking, when we compare it with
the corresponding usage in the Rig-Veda.

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
332 J. Avery,
It only remains to say a few words in explanation of the fol-

low.ing List of Forms and Occurrences, in which will be found in
detail the facts which have been summarized in the foregoing
pages. Under the head "non-modal," occurrences having a
present sense are left without special mark; those having a pre-
terite br aorist sense are followed by "p" or "a" respectively.
So, under the head "modal," an occurrence having a subjunctive
sense is followed by "s ;" one having an optative sense, by "o."
Passages containing rnmd are preceded by "w. mC."
LIST OF FORMS AND OCCURRENCES.

PRESENT SYSTEM.
ACTIVE.
non-modal. modal.
V/aj: ajat AV. 3. 8.4. 0.

afij: aftjanRV. 3.38. 3. P. 7. 2: 5.
ad: adat AV. 10. 8.22.
a v: &vas RV. I. 121. 12. S.
avatam RV. 7. 83. I. p.

I a 9: agnavam AV. 19. 55.6. o.
2a9: agnan RV. 10. 176.1.
2 as: asyat RV. I o. 61.8. p.
i: es w. mE AX. 5. 22.11.
ayan RV. 4. 2. i6. p.
yan RV. 3. 4.5.
i n a k 0: inak0at RV. I. 132.6. s.
2i0: ichas w. ma AV. I o. 1. 7.
ubj: ubjis RV. 4. 19. 5. P.
ubh: ubhnfts RV. I. 63.4. P.
unap (3 s.) RV. 2. 13.9. P.
u 0: 60as RV. I. 175.3. 0.
uo.fin RV. 9.97-39. P.
r: p'g6sRV. I. I74.2. p.,9. p. 6. 1S.
5. p.; 20.12. p. RV. I. 30. I4. 0., 15. o. 9. I02.8. o.
l:.nvan RV. I. 69. Io. 7. x. 2. p.; 5.
6. p.
r c: ,ircat RV. I. 165. 14. a. RV. I. I73.2. 0.
arcan RV. 3. 14.4. 4. I. I4. P. WV. 7. 43. x. o.
r 0: groat RV. 9. 107. 15. 0.AV. 10. 4.1 . 0.
I k 1r: k?1Lavam RV. IO. 49. I.
I k r t: krntat RV. 8.45. 30. p.
klc0: kar0at RV. Io. 28. 10, I.
krand: krindat RV. I. 36.8. p. io.
44.8. p. RV. 1. 173.3.0. 10. 95.I3.8 .
AV. 20. 136. 5. P. (mss. kradat).
k 0 am: kq.,mat (kra-?) AV. 7. 63.1 . 0.
k a r: k*irat RV. 9. 86. 2o. a. AV.
5. 1.3. RV. 9. 1o9.8. o.
k0aran RV. x. 1i6.9. p.

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
Uhaugmented Verb-Formn8 in the Ve~da. 33 333
non-modal. modal.
4VzIkP0i: k0fyas RVT 3. 8.I.s. 8. 53.4. 0.

k0fyat RV. 7. 20. 6. RV. 8. 58-I. ii. o. io6. 7.0.
2 k 2i: k4inam RV. I0. 27.4. S.
RV. 4. 2 7. 3. a. Io0. 18 2. 1-3. 0.
k hi d: khidat RV 4. 28. 2. P.
I g A: jigat RV. 9. 71. 5.
2 g : gtLyat RV. I. :67.6. s.; 173. 1. 0.
g uh: pihas w. ma RV. 7. 100. 6. I0. 27. 24.
grabh: grbhnis RV. 3. 30. 5. s.
c a k : cak?us RV. I0. 92.15. P.
c a r: caras RV. 8. 1. 28. 0.
carat RV. 3. 443 iop. 8o. I ; 123. 5.
AV. I3.2.40. P. RV. I. I73.3. 0.
carata w. MaL RV. 10. 34. 14.
cfiran RV. 5.48.3.
cit: cetat RV. 8.57. i8. RVT. .164. I 6. s. AV. 9. 9. 15 *. S.
cud: codat RV. 7. 27.3.0o. AV. I9. 5.1'[. 0.
c yu: cyivam RV. I. I65. 10. s.
j an: jaflat RV.2. 2I. 4. P.; 40.2. P. RV. 4.40.2. 0.
j i: j ayat RV. 10. 43. 5. s.
j in v: jinvan RV. z. 7 1. I. P.
j u l: j6qat RV. I. 16 7. 5. s. 10. 81. 7. 0.
take: takoam RV. 6. 32. I. S.
99. I.- p. RV. 7. 64. 4. 5.

tfikqama RV. 5. 73. io. a.
takoan RV. 1. 20.32. p.; III. J4. p.
5. 31.-4. P.'
tand: tandat RV. 2. 30. 7. S. (w. na).
t ap: ta'pas w. maAV. 18. 2.362.
tapat w. mat RV. 1. 162. 20.
t ud : tudfit RV. 8. i.1I1. p. i10. 96.
4. P.
t r: tifris RV. 3. 40.3. 0.
tairat RV. 9. 58. 12 P., 2. P., 3. P., 4. P. RV. 9. 107. 1 5. 0.
tsar: tsfiratRV. I.7J15p. 8.i.ii.p.
d a bh: dfibhat RV. I. 178.2.5. 7. 56.15s. s. io. io8.
4. s.
dabhian RV. I. 148.5. w. ma RV.Ix.84. 20. 2. 32. 2. 6.44.
12. 8. 45. 23. io. 87. 9; 120. 4.
AV 4. 7. -7. 5. 2. 4*. 8. 3. 9'; 6.
25. I3. 2.5. I7. 8. 19. 27. 5,6;
46.2.
d alh: dahas w. ma RV. io. i6. I. AV. 3r8. 2.4'.
3Id a: dadas w. ma AV. I12. 4. 5 2.
dfidas RV. 8.59. I4. P.
dadat AV. I I. 1. 27. 0.

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
334 J. Avery,
non-modal. modal.
V/ida: dadat RV. 5.6i. io. p. 7.75.7.

8. 5. 37. . o. 85.4 I2. p. AV. I4.
2. 42*. p. RV. 7. 32.5. s.
daq: dagat RV. 2. 19.4. 6. i6.20. RV. . 70. 5. s.; 158. 2. s. 4. 2. 9. S.
7. I00. 1. s. 8. I9. I4. S.; 92.4. S. I0.
61.25. o.; 65.6. o.; 9i. iI. s.
das: d,sat RV. 6. 5.4. s.
i di: dtyat RV. i. I8o. i. s.
2d : didayat RV. 10. 99. II. p.
didet RV. 2. 2. 8. o.
d i v: divyas w. ma RV. 10. 34. 13.
duh: dugdham w. ma RV. I. 158.4.
duhus RV. 2. 34. 10. p. 9. o8. I I. RV; 9. 72. 2. S.
drh: drnhat RV. 2. 17.5. p.
dhanv: dhinvan RY. I. 135.9. RV. 6. 34-4. s.
id ha: dadhan RV. I. 7I.3. p.
dh a v: dhavan RV. 6. I7. I I. p.
d h i: didhyas w. ma AV. 8. 1. 9.
dhvas: dhvasan RV. Val. 7. 5. p.
naks: naksat RV. I. 121. 3. p. 6.
63.6. p. RY.x. I73.3. 0. 7- 39.6.- .
nakqan RV. 7. 23.4. p. VYa. 6. i. p.
n a m: namas AV. 6. I31.2. o0. 7. 56.4- 0.
inag: nagat AV. 20. 136. I12. 0. (not mss.)
nfigan RY. 9. 79. I. 0.
2na9: niqatRV. 7. 32.2I. 8. I9.6. RV. I. 41.5. o.; 164.22. S. 2.41. 11.
s. 4. 23.4. s. 6. 2. 5. s. 8. 20. I6.
0.; 3. 17. s.; 47. 1. S.; 50. 2. s.; 57.
8. s.; 59.3. s. AV: 9. 9.21*. S.
nagan RV. 2. 35. 6. s. w. ma RV. 2. 23. 8;
27. 14.
n i d (n i n d): nindata w. ma RV. 4. 5.2.

n : nayas RV. 4. 30. 19. p.
nayat RV. 3. 9. 5. p.; 31. 6. p. 6.
4.6. p. RV. I. 36. I8. o. 8. 17. f5. 0.
pac: pacat RV. 6. 7. II. p.
pat: patat RV. 4. 27.4. p.
pa9: pagyat AV. 2. I. 1. p. RV. I. I64. i6. s. AV. 9. 9. I5*. S.
pagyan RV. I. I74. 6. p.
2p a: pibat RV. 5. 29.7. p. RV. 8. 2. 23. 0.
p i n v: pinvat RV. 9. 68.3. p.
pis: pinak (2 s.) RV. 3. 3o. 8. p. 4.
I8.9. p.; 30. 9. p., 13. p. 6. I7. Io. p.
8. I. 28. p.
p r : prnak (3 s.) RV. 6. 20. 6. p.
prn: prnat AV. 7. 57. I. 0.
p y a (pi): pipayas RV. I. 63.8. o.
pipes RV. 4. i6.21. 0.

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
Uinaugmnented Verb-Forms in the 'Veda. 335
non-modal. modal.
j/p y A(pI):pipfiyat RV. i. 77.5-.0. 3. 57.6. s. 8. I. 19. 0.

9. 6. 7. S. 10. 133. 7. S.
pIpayan 11iV. x. 15 2. 6. o. 7. 65. 2. S.

pr a ch: prohat RV. 8.45. 4. p.; 66.
I. P.
p r uth: pr6that RV-.7.3. 2.
b u dh: b6dhait
RV. 4. 15. 7. S.
brti: bruvan AV. 4. 8.2.
b has: bhfisat RV. 6. 3.4. RV. 6. 14. 1. 0.
b hi d: bhinfi (2 S.) RV. I. 54.4. P.;

130.7. P.; 174.8. P.
bhindt (3 s.) RV. I. 52.5~. p.; 62. 3.

P. 2. II.20. P.; )5.8. P. 4.17.3. P.
8.32.25, P.; 58.14.P. zo.68.ii.p. RV. 8.I. 8. s.
bh I: bibhes
w. mAAV. 2. I5. I-6. 5. 30.8S. 8. 2.
23, 24.
bibhlta
w. ma AV. 7. 6o. I.
bibhltana
w. ma R.V. 8. 55.15. AV. 7. 60.4, 6.
i 8. 3. 64.
bhuj: bhifjat RV. I. 100.1I4.

b h t : bhavat
AV. 10. 8. 2 2. 0. I14. 2. 24. 0.
bhiavan
AV. 20. 130. 19. 0.
RV. I. I51.3. 0.
bhr: bharasRV.6.26.4. 10.171.2.
bha&rat RV. i. 6o.i. p.; 121.13. P.
2.2o.6.P. 4.26.4-6.P. 5.44.13P.p

9. 48.3. P.,4 P.; 97. 24.
RV. I1.173.3.0. 2. 19.5. S. 9.52. 1.0O.;
106. 3. 0.
bharan RV. 10. 13.2. p. AV. i8.
b h ra 9: bhrahq;at AV. 20. 133.6. 0.

m a d: madas
w. ma AV. 8. 1.7.
madat
AV. 20. 49. 2. 0.
madan RV. 6.1i8.14.

m a nd: ma'ndan
RV. xo. 89. i6. S.
m i: minvhn RV. 3. 31. 12. P.

m 1: minat
RV. 4. 30. 23. s. 7.32. 5. S. 8. 28.4. S.
minit
w. ma AV. 6.110.3.
minan
RV. 9. 61. 27. 5.
2 m r(m rn) : m~irLat AV. 9. 2. 14. 0.
y am: yamam RV. I10. 49.3. P.

yamas
RV. 10. 134.6. 0.
y-imat AV. 6. 56. I. io. 4. 8
RV. 5. 34.2.8.-; 46.5.0o. 8.11.7.0O.;
33. 8. S.; 81I.-3. 0. 9. 44. 5.0O. 10.
14.14.0o. AV. 6.35. 3. 0.
yaman
w MA RV. 3. 45.1. 4. 44. 5. 7. 69. 6.
8..81.31. AV. 7. 1I7.1I*.
y a: yait RV. 9. 52.2. 0.

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
336 J. Avery,
non-modal. modal.
t/y a: yatam w. mA AV. 11.2. 1.
yata w. ma AV. 6. 73.3.

2 y u: yuyoma w. mS AY. 7. 68.3.
rad: radat RV. 7. 87. T. p.
ran: ranat RV. 8. 82. 20. S.
rinan RVY. 4. 33.7. p. RV. 5. 53. I6. o. 10. 25. I. o.

rap: rapat RV. I. 174.7. o. o0. II. 2.'0. AV. 8.
I. I9, o.
r j: ri (3 s.) RV. 6. I2.5.
radh: radhat RV. I. 120. I. S.
ric: rinik (3s.)RV. 2.I5.8. p.; 19.5.

ribh: rebhat RV. Io. 92.15. p.
rig: resat RV. 7. 20.6.
r : rinas AV. 20. I35. II. 0.
rinan RV. 8. 7.28. p. I 0. 138. i. p.
r u: ruvat RY. 1. 73.3. 0. 4. 56. i. s.
r uj: ruis RV. 6. 22.6. p.
rujat RV. 6. 32.2. p.; 39. 2. p. 7.
75.7.
rujan RV. i. 71.2. p.
rud: rudan w. ma AV. 8. 1.19.
rudh: r6dhat RV. I. 67.10.

r ej: rjat RV. 4. 1I7.2. p.
likh: likhat AV. 20. 132. 8.S.
v a d: vadat RV. I. 119.9. p. AV. 3. 3.7. s.
v a n: vanas w. ma RV. 8. 45.23.
vainvan RVY. 7. 48.3. o0.
vap: vapas RV. 4. i6. 13. p. RV. 8. 85.9. o.
v am: vaman RV. o. xo8.8. p.
i v as: uchat RV. I. 48. 8. o. 7. 8. 6. o.
uchann RV. 7. 90.4.
3va s: vasas RV. 7. 8.3. S.
vah: vahat RV. 8. 1.11. p. AY. i. 8. . o.
ivid: vet (3 s.) RV. I0. 53.9. p.
2vid: vindas RV. I0. 104.8. p.
vindat RV. 6. 44.23. p.
vindan RV. I. 72.2. p. 4. I. i6. p.
v id h: vidhat RV. 8. 5.22. p.
vidhan RV. i. I49. I. 0.
vi g: vigat RV. 9. 103.4 ; 107. I0.
2vi : viv6s(2 s4RV.. 69.8. p. io.
147. r. p.
vives (3 s.) RV. Io. 76.3. p.
2 v I: vs (2 s.) RV. I. 63.2.8. 6. 5. 14. s. w. mi
RV. 4. 3.13.
ves (3 s.) RV. I. 77.2. s.
v r: firnot RV. I. 68. I. p.
vrj: vri..ak (2 s.) w. ma RV. 8. 86. 72.

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
Unaugmented Verb-lorms in the Veda. 337
non-modal. vmodal.
/ v rj: vrnak (3 s.) RV. 6. i8.8. p. 7.

8. I12. p.
vrt: vartat RV. I. 121.4. p.
v r d h: vardhas RV. I. 71.6.o.
mvrdhat RV. 6. 38.3. o. 7. 68. 9. o. IO. 6I.
26. o.
vardhan RV. 6. 5 . i . O.
v r h: vrhas w. ma RV. 6. 48. 17.
vrhat RV. I. I30. 9. p.
v e n: venas RV. 1. 43.9. o. w. ma RV. 5. 31. 2;
36.4. 6.44.10. AV.4.8.2.
venatam w. ma RV. 5. 75.7; 78. I.
vyac: vivyak (3 s.) RV. 7. 2I.6.
vyadh: vidhyat RV. I. 6i. 7. p.
vraqc: vrqcas RV. 4. I7.7. p.
vrqcit RV. I. 6i. io. p. 2. 9. 2. p.
3- 33.7. P- 5. 29.6. p.
9 a n s: qansata w. ma RV. 8. i. i.
9 a k: Qik4am RV. IO. 27. I. S.
9qksas RV. Val. 4. 8. s.
9 a r d h: qardhat RV. 7. 2I.5. o.
a (9i): qigas RV. 6. i8.13. p.
qyat RV. I. 130.42. p.
as( gi): q9aas (2s.)RV. I.8o. i. p.
qasan RV. I0. 32. 4.
g u c: qocas w. ma RV. Io. i6. i.
9 c a m: qcamnan RV. I. 104.2. o.
grath: qrathnas RV. IO. 171.3. p.
sad: sidas RV. 6. 5.3. a.
sidat RV. 5. 11. 2. p. 6. I6. 23. 1O.
46.6. p.; 61.9. p.; 123.5. RV. 7. 30. 3.. 8.61.2. 0. 10. 12. I. .;
46.1.0.; 61.4. .; 99.8. s. AV. I8.
I. 29*. s.
sidan RV. I. 65.2; 72.5. P.; 85.7. P.
s a 9 c: saqcat RV. 2. 22. I1-3. p.
sah: sahas RV. I. 174.8. p.
sadh: sadhat RV. 2. 19.3. p.
sadhan RV. i. 96. I. p.
sic: sificam RV. 10. 27.2. S.
sificat RV. io. 6I. 2. p., 7. p. RV. 4. 43.6. o.
s u: sunota w. ma RV. 2. 30. 7.
s.rj: srjas RV. 2. II.2.p. 4. I7. I.p.
5. 32. I.p. p. . III. 9. p. w. ma RV. I. 189. 5.
srjat RV. . 55. 6. p.; 7I. 5. p. 4.
27. 3. p. 9. 64. io. 10. I I3. 4. p.;
124.7. p. RV. I. I74. 4. o. 7. I04. 20. o. AV.
8. 4.20*. o.
sr p: sarpat RV. IO. 79.3 ; 99. I2.
VOL. XL. 43

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
338 J. Avery,
non-modal. modal.
V sta n: stan (3 s.) RV. 10. 92.8.

s t u: staut RV. 7. 42.6. a.
sth : ti.tham RV. 8. 34. i8. p.
tilthas w. ma AV. 8. I. 9. 10. I. 26.
ti4that RV. I. II8. 5. a. 4. I. 17. P.
5.73.5. 8.20.4;5815. 15.p. IO.32.7. RY. I. I74.4. s. 6. 20.9. 0.
tisthan RV. IO. 123.3.
s p r d h: spurdhan RV. 6. 67.9. s.
s p h u r: sphurat RV. I. 84.8. s.
s ri d h: sredhata w. ma RV. 7. 32. 9.
s v aj: svajat RV. 6. 6o. xo.
han: han (2 s.) RV. 5. 32. . p. 6.
I8.5. p.; 20. 2. p., IO.p..; 26.5. p. I0.
22. 7. p.
han (3 s.) RV. 5. 29. 2. p., 4. p. 6.

27.5. P.; 47. 2. p. 7.- 9. 6.p. 10.99.
6. p. RV. 10. I82. I1-3. 0.
hatam RY. 7. 83. I. p.
2 h a: jahltam w. ma AV. 7- 53. 2.
hinv: hinvan RV. 10. 96.7. p.
h v a (h u): huvat RV. 8. 26. I6. o.
MIDDLE.
anj: anjata (3 pl.) RV. 8. 7. 25. p.

am: imanta RV. I. I89.3. o.
iradh: iradhanta RV. I. 129.2.
I i : iqauta RV. I. I34.5. o.
2i : ichanta RV. I. 68.8. p.
I d: Idata (3 p.) RV. I. 96. 3. o.
19 : Igata (3 s.) w. ma RV. I. 23.9; 36. I6. 2. 23. I0;
42. 3. 6. 28. 7. 7.- 94. 7. 8.48. 14.
10. 25.7; 36.2. AVY.4.2.7. 19-
47.6'. 20. 127. I3.
IV: IlantaRV. 8. 85.3.
r: yputa RV. 5.45.6. p.
i k r: kuruthAs w. ma AV. 5. 22. II.
k.nuta RV. 10. 3I. 8, 10. p.; 48.9. p.
krnota RV. 7. 34. I2. 0.
kpn.vata RV. I. 72.5. p. 4. 24. RY. 3. I. 100. 7. 0.
k g p: kypanta RV. 9. 99.4.
g u h: guhathRs w. ma AV. 4. 20. 5.
g y: grnanta RV. 8. 3. 7. P.
g r a b h: grbhn.Ita (3 a.) RV. 9. io6. 3. 0.
grbhnata RV. 9. I4. 7.
cak : caklata (3 s.) RV. I. 12 . 2.p.
9. 71.9.
c a r: caranta RV. 3. 4. 5.
c it: ciketa RV. 9. I02.4. S. 10. 26.2. 0.

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
Unaugmented Verb-Frmne in the VIeda. 339
non-modal. modal.
/c y u: cyavanta RV. 1. 48. 2.
j an: j'ayathas RV. 3. 48.2. p. 8. 78.
5. p.
janata RV. 10. 123. 7. P.
janantaRV.2.i8.2. 7.7.4.P. 9.
23. 2. P.
j.Ayanta RV. I. i 68. 2.
j u l: jusata
jusfintaRV. I.68.3. P.,9. P.; i67.4.

7. 5.6. p.; II.-4. P. 8. I3. 29. P. I10.
8.3.
RV.I. 3.9. O.; 127.6.0o.; 148. 2. 0.2.
27. 2.0O.; 40. 2. 0. 5. 41. 2. 0.; 46.

2. 0. 6.xi6. 8.0. ; 5 2.11. 0. 7. 34.
25.0O.; 35. 14. 0.; 52.3.0O.; 56.20. S.;
5. 0. ; 102. 5. S. 10. 70. 8. 0.

3jikr: jaranta RV. I10. 31. 7.a.
j fi A: janata (3 p.) RV. I.68. 8.p. 8.
6i. 114.
t a ks: takpata (3 p.) RV. 3. 38. 2. p.

t a n: tanuthas
w. mA RVY. 5. 79. 9.
t r : tirata
tirfinta RV. .76
d ay: dfiyanta RV. 7. I 6. 7.
d rlh: drflhata RV- 5.45. 2.

d h I: dIdhIthas
na k s: naksata RV. I . 33. I4. P. I10.

74. 2.
nfiksanta RV 7.5.i.p. o. 88.

17. P.
RV. 7.42.I1. . 8. 81. 27.0. ; 92. 1.0o.
n am: namanta RV. 10. 30. 6.
RV. 5.32.IO.o0. 7. 31 9.0O.; 41. 6.0o.
8. 6.4.0o. AV. 3. i6.6*. 0.
Inag9: na9anta RV. 9. 79. 1. 0. 10. 133. 3. 0.
2 n a9: na9anta RV. 1. 123. I. a. I10.
I115.4.
w. mri RV. 7. I. 22.
n as: nfisanta RV 4. 58. 8. 8. 6T.114.
9. 89.3 ; 92.5. RV. I. 186. 7. 0.
n ifiis: nifisata RV. 10. 74. 2.
n I: nayanta RV. 10. 4.5.
RV. 1. 148.3. 0.
In fu : nfivanta RV. I. 66. I10 69. 10o.
4. 3. li11-P. 5. 45. 8. p. 6. 7. 2. P. I 0.
I76.1I. AV".9.q9.3. RV. 7. 42. I. 0. AV. 5. 2. 2. 0.

2 nu: niivanta RV. 1 0. 2 2. 9. RV. 9. 88. 2. 0.
nu d: nudanta RV. 3i. i67.4.
p an: pfinanta RVT. 2. 4. 5. P. Io0.

74.4.
RV. IO. 104.7. 0.

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
340 J. Avery,
non-modal. modal.
/ p i n v: pinvanta RV. 7. 34.3.

p y a (pI): pIpayanta RV. I. 73.6 p. RV. I. 153.4.0 .; I69.4. 0.; I8I.5. 0o.,
6. o. 5.34.9.0.
pr at h: prathanta RV. 9. 94.2. p.
pru: pravanta RV. 4. 58.8.
b a d h: bAdhathas w. ma RV. x o. I8. iI. AV. x8. 3.50*.
b h aj: bhfijanta RV. 8.4. 212. p. I0o.
15.3. AV. i8. 1-45* RV. i. 68.40. 5. 79.7.S. I0. Io08. 8. s.
bhan: bhananta RV. 4. I8.7. 7. 18.
7. P.
b h i k : bhikqanta RV. 3. 56.7.
b h u r: bhuranta RV. 5. 6.7.
b h i: bharata RV. IO. 40.6. p.
bhiranta RV. I. 70. I0. 2. I3.2. 5.
73.8. 8.6.2.p. RV. I. 70.9. 0.
m a n: manyathas w. ma RV. I. 126. 7.
manyata RV. 4. 17. I. p., 4. p.
mananta RV. IO. 67.2. p.
manvataRV.4. I. I6.p. 8.29. IO.p.
mrj: mpta RV. I. I40.2. RV. I. 174.4. 0.
mrfijata RV. 9. 24. I; 65.26.
y a k : yaksantaRV. I. 132.5.
I y u: yuvanta RV. 8. 60. 4. s.
2 y u: yuyothias w. ma RV. 2. 33. I.
yuyota w. ma RV. 8. 60. 8.
yavanta RV. 5. 2.5. s.
yuj: yufijata (3 p.) RV. 6. 66. 6. p.

8.20.4.
ran: rananta RV. 7. 57.5. 0.
ranta(3 p.) RV. I. 6I. I I.p. 7.39.
3. P-.
r a b h: rabhath&s w. ma AV. 8. 2.7.
x r a: rarlthas w. ma RV. 6. 44. 1 1.
ruc: rocata RV. 4. I. I7.p.; Io0. 5,6.
rej: rejataRV. 4. I7.2. p.; 22.4. p.
5. 6o. 3. p.
rejanta RV. 8. 92. 3.
v a p: vapanta RV. 7. 56.3.
2vas: vastaRV. I. 25. I3.
vasata (3 p.) RV. 5. 52. 9; 63. 6;
85.4.
I v id h: vidhanta RV. 3. 3. I. 0.
Ivr: v&ranta RV. 2.24. 5. 3. 32.
9, I6. 4. 6.6. 5. 55.7. RV. I. 121. I5. 0.
2 v r: varanta RV. I. 140. I3. 0.
v d h: virdhata RV. IO. 25. Io0. 0.; 22. 14. S.
vardhanta RV.5 1. I9.3. 0.
vradh: vradhanta RV. 5. 6.7.

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
Unaugmrented Verb-Form8 in the Veda. 341
non-modal. modal.
/ 9 A (q9i): qi9Itf (3 s.) RV. 6. 3. 5.

g u c: q6canta RV. 8. 6.8. s.
sac: sacata RV. 4. 5.9. p.
sacadhvam w. ma AV. 4. 37. 12.
sacanta RV. I. 73.4; 1I56.4; I64.
50.p. 2. 5.5. 3. I 14. p. 5 I7.5;
43.15. 10 . 9I.6. p.; 172.1 . AV.
7. 5. 1. p. RV. 7. 5.4. o.; 74.5. o. 10. II. 7. 8.
sap: sapanta RV. 5.3.4. p.
saq c: saqoata (3 p.) RV. 7. 90.3. RV. 7. 26.4. 0.
sad h: sadhata RV. 5. 45.3. p.
stdhanta RV. 8. 40.9. o.
s t: sfita RV. I0. 31. 10o. p.; 6I.20.
srj: srjata w. ma AV. I2. 3.46.
srjanta RV. xo. 62. 7. p.
st u: st&vanta RV. 4.22.7.p. 7.30.4.
s t h a: tithanta RV. I. 135.8. Io0.
II7-.5-
s m i: smayanta RV. I. I68.8.
I h A: jihIta RV. . 37.7. 5. 433. P.
2 hr: hrilthas w. ma RV. 8. 2. 19.
h v a (h): hvanta RV. x. 12.2. 7.
28. 1. I0. ii8.5.
PERFECT SYSTEM.
ACTIVE.
I k r: cakaram RV. 4. 42.6. p.

kr an d: cakradas RV. 9. 107.22. RV. 9. 64.3. o.
cakradat RV. 8. 7. 26. p. 9. 7. 3;
74.1 ; 86.3I.
c i t: ciketam
RV. o10. 28. 5. s.
dhan: dadhinat RV. 0o. 73. I. p.
d hr : dadharsit w. ma RV. I. I83.4. 4.4-3.
nam: nanamas RV. I. 174.8. p. RV. 2. 19.7. 0.
v y a c: vivy?cat RV. Ixo. 96.4. p.
stabh: tastimbhat RV. I. 121. 3.p.
svar: sasvar (3 s.) RV. I. 88.5. p.
h i n s: jihiisls w. ma AV. 12. 3. i8.
h v r: juhuras w. ma RV. 7. 4.4.
MIDDLE.
krp: cakypinta RV. 4. I. 14. p.

kram: cakramanta RV. 4. 22.6. p. RV. 2. I9.2. S.
v r d h: vavrdhinta RV. 5. 52.7. 6.
66. 2. p. IO. 93. I2. a. RV. 6. 68.4. s.
v y a c: vivyacanta RV. 8. 6.15.
h v r: juhiirthas w. ma RV. 7. 1.19.
juhuranta
w.maRV. 1. 43.8. 3.55.2.

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
342 J. Avery,
AORIST SYSTEMS.
1. RoOT-AORIST.
ACTIVE.
non-modal. modal.
V/ I k r: karam RY. zo. 48. 8. P., 9. P.;

49.S. P.; 8 5. 25. AV. X. 3.1- 5. I1i4.
kar (2 s.) RV. 31.63. 7. P. 5. 29. 5. p.

6. 26.5. P. 7.21-3. P. RV.Y. i 164.4 9. 0. 6. 44. i 8. o. AYV. 7.
io. 1. o.-w. ma RV. 2. 18.4. 3.
33.8. 7.22.6; 43.3; 75.8. 8.
45. 31.
kir (3 s.) RV. I. 6 i. i i. p. ; 71. 5.
P.; 72. 1; 174.7. P. 3. 5. 7; 3i. 6. p.
4.28.1.P. 5.29.4.p. 6.20.5.P.;
23. 5.a. 9. 92. 5. IO10. 1.5.p. AV.
I8. L.5'. P. RY. i. i86. 5.0. 4. 21. 10. 0.-W. MA
kairtam W. maAV. II. 2.2.

karma RV. 1. 17-4 a. BY. 2. 23. 12. O.-W. ma BY. 6. 51.7.
7. 52. 2 ; 6o. 8.
kran AV. 14. 1.32.0. 19. 20.4. 0.W-w MA
AY. 7. 82. 3. 8. 6. 25.
k rand: kran (2 s.) RY. 7. 5. 7.
kramus w. mat RY. 7. 32. 27.
g ain: gamam w. ma RY. 7. 89.1.
gan (3 s.) AV. 3. 4.1i. a. w. ma BY. 7. 5 0. I.
ganma W. MA BY. 2. 2 8. 7. 6. 6 i. 14.
gfinta BY. 1. 38.2.
gantana w. ma BY. 7. 5 9. 5.
gmfin RV. I. 6 5.1. 3. 3 8. 2. a. ; 3 9.
5.P. 4.43.6. 6.1.2,3. 10.29.5.;
46. 2.p. ; I23.4. P. BY. 3. 54. 14. 0. 4. 34. 5. 0. 5. 33.
10.0O.; 49.4. 0.
I ga: gainM w. ma BY. 10. I28.4. AY. 5. 3 4*.
gas BY. 10. 1. 2. RV. i.67.6.0.* 4.i16.9.0. 7.62.2.0.
IO. 56. 3. 0.- w. MA RV.3. 5 3.2.
6 ; 19.9. 8. 1. 7, 1O; 2. 1. I2. 2.110.

19. 27. 8.
gt tRV. I.I104. 5.P. 2. 38. 8. 3.
31. i. p., 6. P., 2 1. P. 5. 4 5. i. a., 2.
7. 67. 8; 69. 4. i o.5. 6. p. AVY.5.
1. 6*. p. RY. I. 38.5. 0.; i64. 4.S.; 167.5. 0.
2.33.14.0.; 38.11.0. 7.3.9.8.
AY. 9. 9*4*. s.-w. ma RY. 8. 5.39.
1o. 18. 4. AY. 5. 30.14. 7. 53.4.
8. 1. 7, IS. 12. 2.23*; 3.46. i6.
4.3.

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
Unaugmented Verh-Forms in the Veda. 343
non-modal. modal.
i g a: gatam w. ma AV. 3. i. 6.
gatam w ma AV. 12. 3.14.
gama w. ma RV. 10. 57. I. AV. 13. I. 59*.
gata w. ma RV. 10. 19. I. AV. 7. 6o. 7.
gus RV. i. 65.3; 104. 2. 3. 7. 7. 5.
45.1.a. 10. 12.3. AV. I8. 1.32*. RV. 4. 37. 2. 0. 7. 93.3 s. AV. 5.
1.4. S.-W. ma RV. I. 120. 8. 7.
21. 5. AV. 5. 8.3. I8. 3.62. 19.
I5.2.
ghas: k*an w. ma RV. io. 95. 15.
c h i d: chedma w. ma RV. 1. 109. 3.
dagh: dhak (2 s.) w. ma RV. I. 178. I. 6. 6I. 14.
dhak (3 s ) w. ma RV. 2. 11.2I. 7. 1.21.
dhaktam w. ma RV. I. I83.4.
daghma w. ma RV. 7. 56. 21.
dan: dan RV. io. 6i. 20 S.
dabh: dabhus RV. 3. I6.2. 6. 46.
10.
Ida: dam RV. I0. 49. i.

das RV. I. 121.4. 6. 20. 7. p. RV. I. 169.4. 0. 2. 2. 72. o.; 4. 8. o.
3.24.5. o. 5.33.6. o. 6. I13.6. o.;
I9.6. o.; 26. . o.; 33.1. 0.; 35.I. s.
7. I. 5. o.; o00. 2. 0. 9. 97. 25. o.
10. 30. 4. o.; 47. i-8. o.; 85.38. o.;
148.4.0. AV. 2.6.5. o.; 17.1-7. o.;
8. I1-5. 0. 3.12.5.0. 14. I. 37.0.;
2. I*. o.-W. ma RV. I. 104. 5, 7, 8;
189.5. 7. I I9; 46.4. 8. 2.15;
48. 8; 60. 7. 10. 59.4; 128.8.
AV. 5. 3.8.
dat RV. I. 121. 12. p. 6. 63.9. a.,
io2. a. 7. 45.2. 8. 2.39; 32.15.RV. I. 24. . S., 2. o0. 5. 3.12. s. 7.
97.4.0. 9. 97.52. o0. 1. I7.7. 0.;
80. 4.o. AV. I8. 1.41*. 0.
dus RV. I.127.4. 5.49.5. 8.3.
21. a.
RV. io. 161.4. o. AV.6. I1I.42.0.
I d : dirt (2 s.) RV. I. I74. 2. p. 6.
20. 10. p.
dart (3 s.) RV. 6. 27. 5. p.

d r 9: diram RV. I. 25. I82. 0.
i dha: dham AV. 7 97.8. a.
dhAs RV. I. 63. I. p.; 72.7. p. 3.
30.3. p. 5. 32.5. P. 8. 85.16. p. RV. I. 26. io. o.; 48.12. o.; 54. I12.
o.; 61.16. o0.; 171.5.0. 2.4.9. 0o.
3. 8.3. o.; 7.5. o.; 24. I. .; 28.5.
o.; 29.8.0.; 31. 19. 0.; 36. I. o., o0.
o.; 51.6.0.; 56.6. o. 4. 6.ii. o.;
I7. i8. O.; 32.12. o. 5. 7.9. o.; 36.

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
344 J. Avery,
non-modal. modal.
5. 0.; 79.6.o.; 83.7. o. 6. 4.4. 0.;

Io.6. 0.; 13. 5. 0.; 19. I0.0.; 40.I.
o.; 47.9- 0., 30. 0. 7. 20. 10. o.; 24.
5.0.; 77. 6.0.; 79.5. o0. 9. 8.8. o.;
90.6. o. I0. 46. Io. o.; 69. 3.0. AV.
5.25. 7. o. 7. I15. 2. 0.
VI dha: dhat RV. I.63.2; 67.3 ; 71.
5.p. 6.3.5 ; I9.2; 30.2. I0. I132.5. RY. I. 107.3. o0. 3. 31.I3. s.; 54.12.
o. 4. 17.13. o.; 24.2.0. 6.4.2.0.;
40.4. 0.; 49.7. 0. 14. 0. 10. 30. I2.
o.; 68. 12. o. AV. 2. 10. 3. O.; 29.
i.o. 6.6i.i.o. 13. 1.20. 0 6.
9.2. 0. I8. 3.63. 0.; 4.54. o.-w.
ma RY. 5. 41. I6; 42. I6; 43-1 5.
7. 34. 17; 38. 3.
dhatam w. ma RV. I. 120. 8.
dhus B,V. I. 73.7. a. 2.4. 3. a.; 20.
8.p. 3.38.3.P- 4.33. i1.a. 5-
58.7. 7.40.4. a.; 85.3. 10.46.5;
49.2. a.; 74. 1. RV. 4. 6.6. s. 5. 41.6. o. 7.- 34. 8.
o.; 36. 9. 0.
2na9: nak (3 s.) w. maRV. I. 18.3. 2. 23.12. 7.56.
9; 94.8.
nat (3 s.) w. ma RV. 7. I04.23. AV. 8. 4.23.
nrt nrtus RV. 5. 52. 12. a.
I p : pat RV. 4. 55.5. o. 8. 31.2 0.
2 p :. pas RY. 4. 20.4. o.
pr : pras RV. 6. 46. 5. a.
bhid: bhet (2 s.) RV. 7. 18.20. p. w. ma RV. 1. 104. 82.
bh6t (3 s.) RV. I. 59.6. p. io. 68.
6. p.
bhl: bhema w. ma RV. I. 1.2. 8. 4. 7.
bhuj: bhojam w. ma RV. 2. 28. 9.
bhu : bhfis RV. I. 52.13; 91. 2; I89.
7. 6. 1.5; 20. II. p.; 64.5. 7.21.6..
AV. 6. 98. 2. RV. I. I78.5. o. 6. 15.3. 0., 14. 8.;
33.4.0. 7. I9.-10. I0. 46.5. 0.-
w. ma RV. I. 33.3. io. II. 9. AV.
I8. 1. 25*.
bhft RV. I. 7I.4. P-.; 73.2; 77.3;
I00.4; II6.6; I73.8. 2. 4. 1, 5;
I8. I; 19.4. 3. 32. II. p., I2. p.; 36.
I. 4. I7.4. P.; I9.9. P.; 25.7; 43.
4. a. 6. 4.2; I8.8,13; I9. I; 29.4;
30. 2 ; 34.2; 6i. I0 12. 7. 20.2 ; 62.
I; 68.6. p.; ioo00.6. p. 8.2.37; 6o.
ii; 68.2. I0. 23. I; 29.3; 48. 9;
99.3,II. p.; I00.6; 105, 10. p. RV. i. 63. 6. o.; I78. 3. s., 4. 0. 3,

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
tinaugmented Verb-Form 8 in thte Vedaz. 345
non-modal. modal.
53. 3. 0. 5.41I. i6.0o. 6. 67.8S.S.

I10.3. 2.S.; 4. 7.0O.; 105. 9.s. - w.
m,t RV. 1.1i38.5. 2.29.4. 7.104.
7. AV. 5. II. 7. 7. 35. 3; io8. i.
8. 1. 7 ; 4.7*.
w. muiRV.1. 105-3. 7. 19.7; 46.4;
57.4; 62.4. 8.1.13. 10. 37.6. AV.
7. 20.3.
bhuata w. ma RV. 4. 35. I

bhiitana
w. ma RV. 7. 59. 10.
bhiivan RV. 6. 66. i. w. ma RV. i. 139.8. 10..22. 12.
y am: yamus RV. 5. 61.3. a.

yuj: yojam RV. 2. 18.3. s.
izvr: vam RV. 10. 28.7. P.
vfir (2 s.) RV. 1. 62.5. P. 5.32. p. P RV. i. 63. 5. 0.
AV. 4. I. 1. 0.
vrfin RV. 4. 2. i6. P.; 5 5.6. a. 5.
29. I2. AV. i8. 3. 2I*. P. RV. 4. 5.8. s.
vrj: vfirk (2 s.) RV. 1. 63. 7. p. 6.
26.3. P. w. ma RV. 8. 64. 12.
vark (3 S.) RV. 10. 8.9. P.
varktam
w. ma RV. I. 183.4. 6. 59.7.
9ri: 9ret RV. I. 1174.7. P.
s a: sait RV. 5. 45.'2. RV. 7.28.4. 0.
s kand: skin (3 s.) RV. io. 61.7. P.

s't r: star (2 S.) w. ma RV. 8. 3. 2.
sthai: sthaim
w. ma RV. 2. 27. 17.
sthuis RV. 4. 30. 12. P. RV. 6. 24.9. o.-w. mai AV. 5. 7.'1.
sthuit RV. I. 68. i. p. 2. 15.7. P. 7.
87.6. a.
RV. 2. 3. 1 o. 0.-w. MA RV. 3. 15.6;
36.9. 5. 53.9.
sthuitam
w. maL RV. io. o6. 2.
sthuita
w. ma RV. 5. 53.8. 8. 20. i. AV. 5.
I3. 5.
sthus RV. I. 24.7; 167.9. 5. 15.3.
7.1S. 3. a. w. ma RV. 10. 5 7. i. A V. 7. 5 2. 2.

I3. 1.59.
sp r : spar
RV. 9. 70. 110. 0.
h v A(hti) : h6ma RV. i. 9. 9.
MIDID
hTE.
a 9: a4ta RV 7. 84.5. o.; 85.5. o. 8. 59.5.8B.

3r: arta R V.4.1. I 7. P 5. 25.8; 524.
6. a.
WV. 4. 16. 9.0o.
zk r: krta RV. 9. 69. 5.
g am: ga'nvahi RV. 8. 5 8. 7. s.
I g r: giirta RV. I 1I7 3. 2.
g ha s: gdha (3 s.) RV. 1. 158. 5. P.

c h i d: chitthas
w. ma AV. 8. 1.4.
VOL. XI. 44

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
346 J. Avery,
non-modal. modal.
/dhr: dhrthas w. ma AV. 3. 25. i.
nu d: nutthas RV. 6. I7.5. p.
p ad: patthas w. ma AV. 8. I.4,10.
m r: mrthas w. ma RV. 0. 95. I15. AV. 3.31. 8,9.
5. 30. 17. 19. 27.8.
mrta w. ma AV. 8. 2.5.
m r q: mrqthas w. m RV. 3. 33-8.
yuj: yujata (3 p.) RV. 5. 52.8.
ric: rikthas RV. 3. 6.2. p.
van: vanta RY. I. I39. I0. 0.
vij: vikta w. ma RV. I. I62. I5.
2 v r: vrta RY. 9. I01. 13. 0.
PASSIVE-3 S.
ghu : gh6$i RV. 4. 4.8. o.

cit: cetiRV. I. 92. I2.a.; 93.4 ; 1I9.
4. p- 3. I2.9. 4. i6.I4. p.; 37.4;
43.6; 55.4. a.
chid: chedi w. ma RV. 2. 28. 5.
j an: jini RV. I. 141. I. p.
jani RV. 8. 7.36. p.
t r: tari R. I. I19.6. p. 10. 144.5.
p., 6. RY. 4. I2.6.o. 9.93.5.0. 10.59. 1.0.;
126.8. o.
I da: dayi RV. i. 6 . 15. 2. 20.8. p.

6. 25.8. a.
3da: dayi RY. I. I39. I. 0.
d r q: dar9i RY. 3. 56.2. 10. I23.2.
I d ha: dhayi RV. I.14. . a.; 145.
5; I58.3. p.; 17I.2. a.; 90o.8.a. 4.
2. i.a.; 7. I.p.; 28.2. p.; 36. 7. a.
5. 3.3. a.; 56.7. a.; 66.2. p. 6. 20.
2. p.,5. p.; 29.5. a. 7.4.4. a.; 5.
2.a. 8.52.I2.a.; 59.2.p.; 81.29.a.
1o.45. 7. a.; 46. i; 96.4. P.; 115.2. a.
VAi. 2. 3. a. RY. 5. 4T. 15. 0.; 44. 8. . 10. 10. 3.
o. AYV. I8. . 3* o.-. mw. AY. 5.
30. I5.
2naq: naiigi RV. 6. 5I. I2. a.
pad: pidi RV. 6. 20.5. p. w. ma RV. I. 105.3. AV. 7. 70.2. 8.
6.20.
bhr: bhari RY. 9.97.23.

mu c: moci w. ma AY. 3. 19. 8. 4. I6. 7. 5. 8.
4. 8. 8.9.. 11. 9.20; 10. 19. I6.
8. I-27.
yuj: yoji RV. 2. I18. I.
ric: reci R. 4. i6.5. p.
ruc: roci RV. I. 121.6.

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
Unaugmented Verb-Form8 in the Veda. 347
non-modal. modal.
Vvac: vaci RV. 7. 58.6. a.

v and: vandi RV. io. 6i. I6.
2 v id: v6di RV. 4. 16.4. P.
v r h: varhi w. ma RV. 3. 53. 17.
a fi s: qaiisi RV. 2. 4.8. a. 10.I48.
4. a.
9i : 9e.i w. ma AV. I I. 9. 13.

93: Qari w. miRV.2.28.5. 3.53.17. 6.54.7.
I9 r u: qrAvi RV. 10 . 93. 14. p.
sad: stdi RV. 2. I .8. p., i8. p. 7
73. 2. a. RV. 1o. 93.5. s.
srj: sarji RV. 9. 69. I; 92. I. a.
21ha: hayi w. ma AV. I8. 3.9.
2. A-AORIST.
VE.
2 a s: asan RV. 4. 3. 1 1. p.
A p: apat w.miAV.I.30.I. II.1.22. 14.2.
694. I7. 29. 19. 20.4.
apan w. ma AV. I7. 28.
: firam RV. 4. 15. 7. a. w. ma RV. 6.35.5.
aratam
w. ma RV. 8. 5. I5.
aratam w. ma RV. 3. 33. 13. AV. 14. 2. x6*.
arama
w. maRV. 7.56.2i. 8.21. i6. AV.
II. 2. i7.
aran W. ma RV. I. 125.7. 5.31.13.

krand: kradas RV. 9. 97. IS. o., 28. 0.
k r u d h: krudhas w. ma AV. II. 2.19, 20.
k s u d h: k.udhat w. ma AV. 2.29.4.
k h y a: khyam RV. 7. 86.2. s.
khy~s RV. I. 81.9. o. 6. 15.15. o.; 48.19. 0.
8. 54.9. O.-W. ma RV. I. 4.3.
khyft RV. 8. 68.2. 10. 53.2. a. w. ma RV. 7. 36.7.
khyatam w. ma RV. 5.65.6. 8.22.14; 62. 15.
khyfin RV. 3. 31. 12. p. Io. 10. 2.
AV. 18. . 2'. w. ma AV. i. 162. 1. 7. 93.8.
g u h: guhas RV. 8. 6.17. p.
g .r d h: grdhas w. ma AV. II. 2.21.
g.dhat w. ma AV. 8. 6. I.
t a n: tanat w. ma RV. I. 91.23.
t am: tamat RV. 2. 30.7. s.
t.rp: trpft RV. 7. 56. I o. s.
t r : tr.at w. ma AV. 2. 29.4.
d an: ddnas RV. 3. 1 74.2. p.
das: dasat w. maRV. I. 121.1 5; 139.5. AV. 5.
30. 15.
d r 9q: drgan w. ma RV. 7. 104.24. 8. 33. i9. AV.
8. 4. 24*-

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
348 J. Avery,
non-modal. modal.
4/druh: drahas w. ma AV. 9. 5.4.

druhan w. ma RV. I. 5. l0.
I na : negat RV. 4. I.17. p. RV. 10. I28.6. o. AV. 5.3.2*. o.; 13.
2. o.-w. ma RV. 6. 54.7.
bhu i: bhuvam RV. 10. 48. I; 49. I,
4. p.; 119.8. RV. io. 86.5. s.
bhfvas RV. I. 52.13. p.; 69.2. 4.
19.2. 6.22.9. 8. 23.18 p.; 51.7;
643. I0. 4. I; 8. 54,6 : 50.43. AV.
6. io6.3. RV. I. 138.4.0. 4. 2.6. .; 16. I82.0.
5. I2.3. S.; 19.5.0. 7. 8.5.0.; 32.
II. . 8. 1. 28.S.; 55.6.0. AV. 3-
17.8. s. I8. 3. 6o. o.-w. ma RV.
8. 81.30.
bhfvat RV. I. 36.8. p.; 65.3; 67.
2; 68. I; 72.1. 2. I. 15; I0. 3. p.;
20.6. p. 4. I. 16. p.; 7.2. p.: i6.8.
p.; 23.2. 8. 19.37. a.; 3I. I5; 81.
6; 82. I5. p. 9. 97. 23, 24. I0. 2I.
5. p.; 23.2; 86.6.; I I I.3. p. AV.
7. I. 22. p. 3. 3. I. I9. 26.42* RV. 1. 5.3. 0.; 23.6.o0.; 52.11.8.; 6o.
4. 0.; 76.1. s.; 119.7.0. 2.22.4.0.
3. 62.9. o. 4. 9.2. o.; I6. o.o.; 23.
4. 0.; 31.I-S. 5.9.7.0 o. 6.i6.i8.o.;
48.22.0o. 7. 31.8. o0.; 32.I3. S.; 50.
2. s. 8. 46.13. o.; 60. I5..0.; 7I. 3.
o.; 82.7. o.; 91. 8. 8. 9. 34. 42. 0.;
47.3.0.; 92.3.0.; I02.I.O. I0.26.
9.0. AV. I.22.2.8. 3.20.6.S. I0.
8. ii. s.-w. ma AV-. 5- 30. 14.
bhfivan RV. I. I86.2.s. 5.46.6. o. 6. 35. 1.
s. 7. 319* 0. 8. 27.4. o. I0. 5u.
7. o.; I12.7. 0.
b h r a q: bhraqat w. ma RV. to. 173. i. AV. 6. 87. I*.

math: mathat AV. 7. 50. 5. s.
muc: mucis RV. 4. 22.7. p. w. ma AV. 9. 3.26.
mucat RV. 8. 24. 27. 0.
r a d h: radham w. mi RV. I. 50.I3. AV. 17. 6, 24.
radhama w. ma RV. 10. i28. 5. AV. 5. 3. 7.
ri : riqam w. mi RV. Io. 18. 13. AV. 18.3. 52*.
rioat AV.I9. 39.2-4. AV. 19. 49. 10. s.-w. ma RV. 6. 54.
7. 8. 54. 10; 56. ii. 10. 62. II; 97.
20. AV. 20. 127. 13.
ri/iima w. ma RV. I. 94. I-14. 4- 12.5. 6.
44.1. 10. I78.2. AV. 3. I5.8. 13.
2.37. 4. 2.50. 19.- 55. ,2.
rinan w. ma RV. 8. 92. I3. AV. 2. 6. 2. 3-
12.6. II. 1.25,32. 20. 127. 13.

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
non-modal. modal.
g/I r u d h: rudhat RV. 10. 105. I. s.
ruh: ruham RV. 8. I. 3I. s.
ruhat RV. 9. 40.2. a. RV. I.34.5. o0. 5-36-2.0.
vac: vocam RV. 10. 93. I14. a. RV. I. 32. I. s.; 59. 6. S.; I29. 3. S.;
I36.6. S.; I54. I..; I64. 26. S. 2.
I5.1. S.; 21.3.8. 3. 1.20. 8. 5. 31.
6. S.; 41. 14. s.; 85.5. s. 6. 8. I. S.
7.98.5. s. 8. 90.15. S. 10. 69.5. s.;
II2.8. s. AV. 2. 5. 5* S. 7. 26. I*.s.
-w. ma RV. 6. 52. I14.
vocas RV. I. 27. 4. 0. 4. 5. I2. o. 6. 2. II.
o.; I8. 3. o.; 22. 4. 0. 7.62. 2. 0.;
86. 4. o0 8. 64. 2. 0. 10. 28. 5. o.
AV. 7. 2. I. o.-w. ma RV. 7. I. 22.
vocat RV. I. 117. 22. p. I0. I39.
6. p. RV. . I64. I8. S. 2. 5.3. s. 3. 54.5.
8. 4.5.3-.0. 6. 5. o100. 7.87.4.0.
o. io. 6. s.; 12.8.0 .; 88.17.S.; 114.
7. S.; 129.6. S. AV. 7.73.7. o. 9.
9. i8*s. . I8. I. 7*. s., 36*. s.
vocata RV. Val. 4. 9. a.
vocan RV. 4. 1. I14. 10. 69. 9. p. w. ma AV. 5. 1. 7, 8.
2v id: vidam RV. 10. 49. 9. w. ma RV. 2. 27. 17.
vidas RV. 5. 30.4. p. 9. I I I. 2. p. RV. I. 42.7. 0.; 173. I3.- 0. 4 1.3.0o.
9. 20.3. o.; 59.4. o0. 10. 113. 10. 0.
vidAt RT. I. 6I. 6. p.; 62. 32. p., 72.
4. p., 8. p.; 84. I4. p.; 96.4. p.; 100.
8. p. 2. 19.3. p. 3.3-.6. p. 5. 7.
6. p.; 32.5. P.; 44.8: 45.8.p. 6.
47.5- p. 8. 58-6. p.; 82.14. p. 10.
21.5. p.; 43.4-.p. 68. Ii. p.; 86. i8.
a.; I23.4. p.; 138.3.- p. RV. 4. 21.8. o. 8. 68.6. o. 9. 68. 9.
o.; 96. io. o. io. 6i. 13. o.; 76. 2.
o.; 99-8. o.-w. ma RV. I. 189.4.
2. 42. I, 2. 7. 50. I. AV. I. io. 2.
5. 3.62. 8. I.- I6. 20. 130. I4.
vidan RV. 8. 28. I. p. w. ma RV. io. 85. 32. AV. I. I9. I2.
I2. I. 32. 14. 2. II*.
v r t: vytas w. ma AV. 8. 6.3. II. 4. 26.
9 a k: 9akas RV. 7. 20. 9. o. 8. 69.3. S.
9ikat RV. I. io. 6. o. 8. 32. I12. 0.; 80. 4. S.
10. 43-5. S.
qakan w. ma AV. 8. 8. 20. I I. io. i6.
9 a s: qfiat RV. 4. 2.7. s.
q i s: qi*as w. ma RV. 6. 75. i6. AV. 6. 127. I.
10. I. 17, 31.
9 r a m: qramat RV. 2. 30. 7. s.

9 r i : qrisat w. ma RV. I. i62. ii.

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
350 J.A, veryi
non-modal. modal.
V/2 9r u: qriivat RV. I. 127.3.
s ad: sadas RV. 3. 24. 3.0o. 8. 17. I. .; 64..1. 0.
9.2. 2. 0.; 5 5.2. 0.; Io6. 7. 0. I10.
43. 2. 0.
sadat RV. I10. 99. 3. RV. I. 128. I. 0. 3. I3. I. 0. 8. I3.
24. 0. AV. 20. 49. 3. 0. (not moss.).
sadama w. mURV. 7.I. II ;4.6. 8. 21.15.
sadan RV. 4. 3. II.- P. RV. 8. 5 2. 2. 0.
s an: sanam RV. 8. 5 7. I17. a.
sinas
sinat RV. i. I 0. I$1 8.P.; I 26. 3. P. RV. i. I oo. 6. 0. 5. 6 I. 5. o.
s i c: sicas w. ma RV. 9. 8I. 3.
s i: sirat RV 4. 30. o. P. 9.0. 1O 4.
io. 6i. 8. RV. io. 6i. 23. S.
sfiran RV. 4. 17.3. P.
s.rp : srpas w. ma AV. 8. 6. 32.
s:rpat w. ma AV. 6. 134.2. I2. 1. 46.
s r idh: sridhat w. ma RV. 7. 34. 17.
MIDDLE.
ir: aramahi w. ma AV~. II. 2. 7,20.

aranta RV. 4. 19.9. P. 5. 31.8S. P.
9. 73.1I. a. 10. 73.2. P. RV. 7. 25. I. S.
Izk r: kra'nta RV. I.- 141. 3. P.
g ra bh: grhamahi w. ma RV. 8. 2 1. i 6.
b udlh: budhfinta RV. 7.9.4. a.; 78.
5. a. io. 6i. I2. P.
m r : m:ranta RV- 7. 18. 21.
v a c: v6canta RV. i. 12 7. 7. 5. 5 2.
W6.
2vid: vid6 w. mat RV. 8. 45. 36.
vidata w. ma AV. 18. 2.31.
vidinta RV. 4. I. 14. P. w.matAV. 6.32.3. 8.8.21. II.2.2.
v y a(v1) : vyMia RV. 2. I7.2. P. 9.
69.5. a.; 70.2; 86.32.
9 a s: gi*famahi RV. 8. 24. I.- 0.
3. REDUPLICATED AORIST.
ACTIVE.
a m: amamat w. ma RV. 9. 114. 4. 10. 59. 8-1o.

AV. 6.57.3. I0. 5.23.
:r: arpipam w. maL AV. I12. I- 3 5.
k ra nd: cikradas RV. 9. 90. 4. 0.
cikradat RV. Vail. 3. 4. P.
k r udh: cukrudham W. MA RV. 8. I1. 20.
cukrudhama W.MaIRV.2.33.4. 10. 142.3.
k qi p: cik*ipas w. ma RV. io. i6. I. AV. rg. 2. 4*.
cik*ipan w. ma AV. i8. 4. I2,13.

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
Unaugmented Verb--Forms in the Veda. 351
non-modal. modal.
4/c y u : cucyavat RV. 2. 41'. 10. 0.

j an: jl~janam RV. 7. 15.4. a.
jijanat RV. I. 129.112 p. 4 6 .
8. 12. I4. P. 10. I115. I. a.
jfjanan RV. I. 15 1. i. P. 4. 6. 8. a.
10. 11.-3. p. AV. Ix8. I. 20*. P.
j ii jirijuvat RV. 2. 31. 4. 0.
tu: tfitos RVT. 6. 26.4. P.

tfitot RV. 2. 20. 5. P., 7. P.
d a(?~: dfidaqas RV. I. 94. 15. s.
da'driat
RV. I. 9 i. 20. 53. 5. 3 7. 5. s. 6. 5. 5. S.
7. 20.8. s. 0. I 77. 7.S.
dip: didlpas RV. 8. 48. 6.0o.
d u g: d-dulat RV. I 3. I
dy ut: didyutas RV. 5. 30.4. P. RV. 2. 2. 7. 0.
d h ti: dtidhot RV. 7. 21. 4. P. Io0.

26. 7.
d h r: dldharam RV. 9. 105.4. a.

didhar (2 S.) RV. 6. I 7. 6. p.; 6 7.
4. P.
dl'dharas
RV. 8. 89. I. S.
dldharat RV. 3. 2. 10. RV. 8. 57. 19. s.
dhrq: dadhfirsat RV. 2. 41. 8. s.
n am: nlnamas
IRV. 8. 24. 27. 0.
i nag9: nilnagas RV. 6. 48. I17. 0.

in fu: niinot RV. 6. 3. 7.
p at: paptam
W. MfL AV. I2. 1. 31.
paptas
w. ma RV. 10. 95. 15.
paptat
w. m&L AV. 7. 52.2.
p6ptan RV. 2. 31 LI. 6. 63. 6. P.
I P r: p1parat RV. 2. 20.4. 0.
2~ P : plparas RV. I.- 138. 2. s. 4. 2. 8. 0.

pfparat
RV. I. 46. 6. S. 3. 32. 14. S. 5. 77.4.
o. AV. 19. 40.4. 0.
bh I: blbhayat RV. I. 8o. I12. P.
2 M a: mlmayat RV. 10. 27. 22.
M r 4: mImroas RV. 3I. 31. i6. o. AV. 3. I5. 4*. 0.

2 yu: yi1yot
RV. 10. 95. 12. S.
r a d hi: rlradhas
w. ma RV. 1. 25. 2. 2. 32. 2. 3. I6.
5. 8. 49.8.
rlradhat
w. ma RV. 2. 33.5.
rlradhatam
w. mriRV. 7. 94.3. 8. 8.13.
rlradhata
w. ma RV. 6. i. 6.
rain: rlramat RV. 4. 17. 14. I0.
92. 8.
RV. 7. 32. I0. s.-w. mA RV. 5. 53. 9.
rlraman
w. maRV. 2. I8.3. 3. 35.5. 7. 32. 1.
io. i6o. 1.
rio.: rIrioas
W. MRRV.1. 104.6; 114.7,8. 7.46

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
352 J. Avery,
non-modal. modal.
3; 89. 5. IO. i8. I; 128.8. AVY.5.

3.8*. 6. 51.3*. 11. 2.29'
/r i : rlrisat w. ma RV. 3. 53. 20.
rIrinata w. mA RV. I. 89. 9.
rup: rurupas AV. 4. 7. 3, 5, 6.
v ij: vIvijas w. ma RV. 8. 68. 8.
u c: u'9gucas w. ma AV. I8. 2.4.

9 n at h: 9ignatham RV. 10. 49. 3. p.
9ignathas RV. 8.6. i6. p.; 24.25. p.
10. 22. 14. RV. 8. 59. io. o.
9iqgnthat RV. 2.20. 5. p. 4. 30. IO.
p. 6. 4. 3. a.
9 r a t h: qiqrathas RV. I. 24. 14. o. 2. 28.7. o. 4. 12.4.
o. 5. 85. 7. o.-w. ma RV. 4. 32. 22.
Q9irathat RV. I. I28.62.
s a (s i): siet w. ma RV. 8. 56. 8.
s a d h: sisadhas RV. 2. 24. I. s. 6. 56. 5. o.
sud: sfiuudas RV. I. 73.8. s. 7. I.20. o.
suuiidat RV. 10. 70. 2. o.
stu: tu~tfvat RV. 8. 8. 6. a.
s t h a: tithipat w. ma RV. I. I62. 20.
S p r 9: pispr9as RV. 6. i5. i8. o.

sru: sasros w. ma AV. 12. 3. 22.
susrot w. ma RV. o. o101.8. AV. 2. 29. 7.
19. 58.4'.
s v a d: siovadat RYV. I. i88. IO. o.
s v a p: sicvap (2 s.) RV. 6. 20. 13. p.;
26.6. p.
si*vapas RV. I. 12I. II. p.
2 h a: jlhipas RV. 3. 53. 19 ?-0.
h v r: jihvaras w. ma RV. io. i6. 8. AV. i8. 3.53*.
MIDI )LE.
j a n: jijananta RV. I. 60. 3. a.

s a p: si4apanta RV. 7.43.4.0.
4. S-AORIST.
ACTIVE.
ji: jes RV. 6. 4.4.0.

je6ma RV. 6. 45- 12. 0. 7- I8. 13. o. 10. I56.
i. o.
ja4ius w. mE AV. 4. 38. 3.

dah: dhak(3 .) w. ma RV. I. 153.4. AV. 8. I. II.
dyut: dyaut RV. 4. 6. 6.
dha: dhasus RV. 7. 97-5. p.
nl: nailta w. ma RV. 8. 30. 3.
bhaj: bhak(2 S.) w. ma RV. 8. 69. 8 ; 70. 6. 9. 72. 8.
bhak (3 s.) RV. 7. I8. I3. o.

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
non-modal. modal.
/ b h I: bhaiils w. ma AV. 10. 9. 7.
bhr: bhlr (3 s.) RV. I. I28.2. p.
2yu: yfiam w. ma AV. 6. 123.4.
yaus w. ma RV. 2. 32. 2.
yautam w. ma R. 8.75.I. i . 85.42. AV.
14. 1. 22*.
yauqta w. ma AV. 3. 30. 5.
yaRuus w. ma RY. 10. 23.7.
v a h: vaklIt w. ma AV. 5. 8.3.
9 r: garais w. ma AV. 12. 3. i8.
s rj: sras (2 s ) w. ma AV. II. 2. 19,26.
srastam w. ma AV. II. 2. I.
s t u: stopam RV. i. 187. I. s.
2ha: h&s w. ma RV. 3. 53.20.
hasus w. ma RV. 8. 64.8.
MIDDLE.
I k q i: kesta w. ma AV. 4. 34.

2 g a: gasi RV. 5. 25. 1.. 8. 27.2. s.
c y u: cyosthas w. ma RV. 10. 173. 2. AV. 6. 87.2*.
nij: niksi w. ma AV. Io. 5. 15-21. I6. 1.4.
I n u: nfiata (3 p.) RV. 9. 103. 3.
pad: patsi w. ma AV. 6. 2o0. 2.
2 p a: pasta w. ma AV. I2. 3.43.
b h aj: bhaksi RVBY. 7. 41.2. o. AV. 3. i6.2*. o.
m a d: matsata (3 p.) w. ma RVBY. 9. 85. I.
m an: mafisi RV. 7. 88.2. s.
manisthas w. ma AV. 9. 5- 4.
mafista w. ma AV. 8. I. I2.
maiista w. ma AV. II. 2. 8.
ml: meoi w. ma AV. I6. 4.5.

meathas w. ma AV. 8. I. 5; 2. 1.
mesta w. ma AV. 12. 1. 33.
m u c: muksata (3 p.) w. ma RV. io. 87. 19. AV. 5. 29. 11*.
yaj: yaksi RV. 6. i6. 8. s. 10. 4. . S.; 52.5. s.
yam: yaihsi RV. I.6I.2.
y u d h: yutsmahi w. ma AV. 7. 52. 2.
r a m: raihsthas w. ma AV. 14. 2. 19.
r a: rasatham RV. I. 46. 6. o.
van: vansi RV. 5. 70. I. 0.
v rj: vrksi w. ma RV. I. 27. I3.
sac: saksata RV. 8. 13.28.
s ah: sak*i RV. 10. 49. r.
r ha: hasmahi w. ma RV. 10. 128. 5. AV. 5. 3. 7*.
2 h a: hasthas w. ma AV. i8. 3. 73.
hasta w. ma AV. I8. 2. 24.
VOL. XI. 45

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
354 J. Avery.
5. I-AORIST.
ACTIVE.
non-modal. modal.
/ av: avis RV. 6. I0. 6. a. RV. 6. 25. I. 0.
advlt RV. 7. 34. I4. 0.
avi$tam (yavistam ?) RV. 8. 5.13. 8.
2a : agIt w. ma RV. 10. 87. 17. AV. 8. 3. 7*.
kram: kramIs RV. I. 51 i. 6. p. w. ma AV. 12. 2. i8.
2 g r: garIt w. ma RV. 5. 40.7.
g r a b h: grabhIsta w. ma RV. 2. 29.5.
car: carIt w. ma RY. 7. 25. I.
cud: codIs RV. I. 63.4. p.
j a n: janiqtam RV. 10. 46. 9. p.
j i v: jIvis w. ma AV. 5. 13.4.
jivit w. ma AV. 10. 5.25-35. I6. 7. 13-
jlvivus w. ma AV. 9. 2. io.
J f rv: jurvit RV. 2. II. 10. p.
3jr: jarisus w. ma RV. I. 125.7; 139.82.
t r: taris RY. 6. 8. 7. o.; 25. 2. o0. 8. 48.4. o., 7.
o.-w. ma RV. Io. 54. 5.
tarit RV. i. 69. 5. p.; 152.3. 2. 20.
8. p. RY. . 73. I. o0. 8. 68. 6. o.- w. ma
RV. 6. 47.9. 9. II4.4.
taridus w. ma' AV. 2. 7.4.
I d a: dasit w. ma RV. 7. I. 2I.
brh: barhis RV. 4. i6. 12. p.
barhit RV. i. 100. I8. p. 4. 28. 3. p.
m a t h: mathls RV. I. 127. Ii. o.
mithit RV. I. 71.4. p.; 148. i. p.
mathi$tana w. ma AV. 19. 40. 2.
mu : mosls w. ma RV. I. 24. II; 104. 8. AV. 7.
99. I. 8. 2.17.
m r d h: mardhis RV. 7. w. ma RY. 4. 20. 1o.
25.4.
mardhitam w. ma RV. 7. 73.4; 74.3.
2 yu: yAvis RV. I. I29.3. 0. 8.68.4. 0.
y u d h: yodhls RV. 10. 120. 3. o. AV. 5. 2.3*. o.
r a k e: rak?Is w. ma AV. 5. 7. I.
r ad h: randhis RV. I. 174.2. P. 4.
i6. 13. p. w. ma RV. 7. 31. 5.
ran: ranitana RV. 2. 36.3. 0.
2 r u: ravi~am RV. Io. 86.5. s.
v a d: vadiqus w. ma AV. 6. 118.3.
v ad h: vidhIm RV. I. 165. 8. p. Io.
28.7. p.
vfdhis RV. I. 33.4. P.; 53.8. p. 4.
30.8. p. 6. 33.3. w. ma RY. I. 104.8; 114.7. 8; 170. 2.
7.46.4. 8.45.34; 68.8. AV. 7. II.
I2. 8. 2.5. 10. I. 29.

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
non-modal. modal.
/v a dh: vadhIt RV. 4. I7. 3. p. 5.

44. I2. 6. 27.5. P- 8. 32.2. p. w. ma RV. I. 38. 6. 2. 42. 2. 8. 56.
20; 64.9. AV. 6.56. I ; iI0. 3; 11i2.
I; I42. I.
vadhi1ta w. ma RV. 8. 90. 15.
vadhiqtana w. ma RV-. 5. 55.9.
vadhi*us w. ma AV. 2. 28.3.
v i 9: veglt w. ma RV. 8. 49.20.
9 a i s: 9qfsiam RV. 6. 48. i. s., i6. s. 8. 45. 28. s. Io.
44.5. s.; 96. I. s.
9 n a t h: gnathi$am RV. 7. 99. 5. p.
9 r a m: qramiqma w. ma RV. 2. 29.4. 8. 4.7.
sidh: sedhis w. ma RV. Io. 27.20.
i s i: savis AV. 7. 14.3. p. RV. 2. 28. 9.o. 5. 82.4.o. 6. 71.6.o.
s t a b h: stambhIt RV. i. 121. 2. p.
s p h u r: spharls w. ma RV. 6. 6i; 14.
s v an: svanlt RV. 2. 4.6.
hii s: hifisfs w. maAV. 9.3. 6. I0.9.11. II.2.
20,29. 12. I.34. i8.4.30.
hiinsIt w. ma RV. 10. 121. 9; i65. 3. AV.
3.28.5,6. 6. 27.3t. 7. 54.2.
hinsiotai w. ma AV. 5. 9. 8. 6. 140. 2, 3. I.
2. I. I4. 1.63.
hifisita w. ma RV. xo. 15.6. AV. i8. I. 52*.
I9. 40.3.
hifnsius
w. ma AV. 2.28. I. 7. 102. i. I4.2. 9.
MIDD LE.
a v: avigta RV. 7. 34. I2. 0.

kram: krami.ta RV. 1. 155.4. p. 8.
52.9. p.
k s a n: kaanisthas w. ma AV. io. i. i6.
j an: jani~thas RV. I. 68.4. p. 5. 30.
5. p. 7.28.2. 10. 73. I.a.
jani4ta RV. 5. I. 5. P.; 9.3. a. 7. 3.
9. a. 9. 98.9. a. I0. 3. I0. p.; 40.
9. p.; 95. o1. P. Val. 3. 4. p., 8. p.
AV. 4. . 5. p.
n u d: nudisthas w. ma AV. I2. i. 32.
p an: pani*ta RV- 7. 45.2. o.
p f: pavista RV. 9. 64. io. a.; 109.
13. a.
p r a t h: prathista RV. 5. 58. 7.

b a d h: badhi~ta RV. 7. 23.3. p. w. ma AV. i8. 2.25.
m and: mandiota RV. . 51 r. I I. a.
m r .s: marsit.has w. ma RV. I. 71. I0.
y am: yamifta RV. 5. 32.7. p.
r ad h: radhisi
w. maAV. . 1.4. 3. 29.8.

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
356 J. Avery,
non-modal. modal.
V 2 v a s: vasiota RV. 2. 36. I. a. 9. 2.

3. a.
v y a t h: vyathithas w. m AAV. 12. 3. 23. 14. I. 48. I9.
33.5.
vyathipmahi w. ma RV. I2. 1.28.
6. SI-AORIST.
2ha: hasit w. ma AV. 2. 28.3. 7. 53.4. 8.
13. . 12. i6, 4.3.
hasiotam w. ma AV. i6. 4. 5.
hasistam w. ma AV. x6. 2. 5; 3. 2-42.
hasi4ta w. ma AV. 9. 4.24.
hasisus w. ma AV. 6. 41. 3. 8. 2.26.
7. SA-AORIST.
ACTIVE.
d u h: dukofis w. ma RV. 7. 4. 7.
dukoin RV. I. 121. 8. s.
dhuk?an RV. 8. I. 17. o.
d v i : dvik4at w. ma AV. 3. 30.3.
m ! 9: mnrkas RV 4. 30. 13. P.
mrkqata RV. 8. 56.9. o.
ruh: rukpas AV. I7. 8. o.
.IDDLE.
duh: dukoata RV. I. i60.3. p.
dhfikata RV. 6. 48.12. a., I3. a.
dhuk~Inta RV. 8. 7. 3. p.
d v i : dvik?ata w. ma AV. 12. i. i8, 23-5; 2.33.
DERIVATIVE CONJUGATIONS.
I. PASSIVE: PRES. SYSTEM.
ac: acyanta RV. 5. 54. I2.

2 sU: siyata RV. 10. 132.4. p.
II. INTENSIVE: PRES. SYSTEM.

ACTIVE.
di q: d6di9am RV. 8. 63. I5. s.

dr: dardar (2 s.) RV. I. 63.7. P. 4.
6.8. p., 13. p. 6. 20.7. P.
dardar (3 s.) RV. 7. I8.13. p.
d y u t: dtvidyot RV. 6. 3.8. 10. 95.
IO. p.
I n u: nivlnot RV. 6. 3. 7. 7. 87.2.
mij: marmnjmi RT. 3. I8.4. a.
s k a n d: kaniskan RV. 7. 103.4- s-

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
MIDDLE.
non-modal. modal.
4/m rj: marmrjata RV. 4. 14. p.

v a q: vavaganta RV. i. 62. 3. P. 7.
75.7.
s an: saniq.nata RV. I. 13 I. 52. p.
III. DESIDERATIVE.
PR'S. SYSTEM: ACTIVE.
g has: jighatsas w. ma AV. 5. i8. i.

c i t: cikitsat RV. 4. i6. io. o.
du h: dfidukqan RV. Io. 6i. Io. p. RVr. 10. 74.4. S.
b h i d: bibhitsan RV. I o. 6 I. 13.
MIDDLE.
ap: apsanta RV. i. Ioo. 8.

d h a: didhiqanta RV. I 132.5.
s a h: s1k.anta RV. 7. 6o. I I.
IS-AORIST: ACTIVE.
rd h: Irtsls w. ma AV. 5. 7.6.
IV. CAUSATIVE.
PRES. SYSTEM: ACTIVE.
I k 0: lkoiyat RV. I. [32. 5. s.

Ir: Irayam RV. Io. 89.4. s.; -I6.9. s.
Irayat RV. 8.68.6. o.
.r c: arcayas RV. 3. 44. 2. p.

r d: ardfyas RV. 10. 147.2. p. Vq1.
5. 2. p.
ardfyat RV. I. 187. I. p.

k up: kopayas RY. I. 54.4. P.
kopayat RV. 1o. 44.8. p.
I k 0 i: kpepayat RV. 5. 9.7. 0.
ghu*: ghoo&yas RV. 9. xo8. 3. P.
Val. 2. 8.
c i t: citayat RV. i. i8o. 8. a. RV. 2. 2.5. 0.
cetayat RV. 4. I. 9.
cud: codiyas RV. 1. 175.3. 6.26.
3. p. 8.I2.3. RV. 9. 17.5. 0. IO. 22. IO. 0.
codayat RV. Io. 8o. 2; I23. I.
c ha n d: chadayat RV. 6. 49. 5. RV. 10. 31. 4. 0.
j an: janiyas RV. 10. 55.2. p.
janiyat RV. I. 71. 8. a. 10. 45. 8.
p.; 67. I. a. RV. 6. 52. 6. o. AV. 4. 2. 14. 0.
janayan RV. xo. 66.9. p.
d a fi s: dafis&yas RV. zo. 138. I. p.
d a b h: dambh~yas RV. I. 54. 6. p.
IO. 22. I I. p.

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
358 38. Avery,
non-modal. modal.
4/d a b hl: dambhliyat RV. 6. iS. io. p.

d I p: dIpayas RY. 6. 22.8. o.
dr: darayas RV. i. 62.4. P.
darayat RV. I o. 99. I I. p.
d y u t: dyotayat RV. 6. 39.3. P.
dlhan: dhanayan RV. I. 7I.3. P.
d h.r: dharfyam RV. 4. 42. 3. p., 4.
p. IO. 48.8. p.; 49.9. P., Io.p.
dhalrayas RV. 9. 22.7. P.; 107.23.
p. 10. 73.4.
dhlirayat RV. I. 103. 2. p. 2. 15.
2. p. 8. 32. 25. p.; 66. 6. p. 10. 92.
I0. p. RV. 7. 64.4. s.
dharayan RV. I. 96.1-7. p. 2.27.8.
d h v a s: dhvasayas RV. 1o. 73.6. p.
p at: patfyat RV. 1. 152.5. 1o. 40.
9. P.; 43.8. p. RB. 5.45.9. 0.
p an: panayat RV. 4. 33.5. P.
p u .: poqayat RV. 5. 9.7. 0.
p r a t h: prathayat RV. 4. 42.4. P.
b. h: barhiyas RV. I. 53. 6. p., 7. P.
m a ti h: mahfihyam RV. I o. 48. 9. p.
m a h: mahayam RV. 7. 6i. 6. s.
mahayan RV. 7.42. 3.
mrj: marijayan RV. Io. 122.5. P.
2 y u: yavayat AV. 6. 4. 2. 0.
r a d h: randhayam RV. I 0. 49.4. P.,
5. P.
randhiyas RV. 6. 43. 1. p.
randhayat RV. 2. 19. 6. p.
r an: ra.nayan RY. i. 100. 7. 0.
r a m: ramayas RV. I. 2 1. 13. P.
r~mayat RV. 1. 56.3. P.
r u c: rocayat RV. 3. 2.2. p. 6. 39.
4. P. 9. 86.2I. P.
r u h: rohayas RV. 8. 78.7. P. 9. 107.
7. P. 0o. 156.4. p.
rohayat RV. I. 7. 3. P.
r ej: rejayat RV. 4. 22. 3. P. 5. 87.
5. io. 6i. i6. p.
v a k q: vakqayam RV. Io. 49.8. p.
I v a s: visayat RV. 6. 39.4. P.
2 v a s: visayas RV. 6. 35. L. S.
vy t: vartayas RV. I. 12 1. 9. P.
vartayat RY. Io. 95. 12. S.
vartayan RV. 5.48.3.
v r d h: vardhayat RV. 10. 25.10. p.
v .r : var*ayatam RV. 5. 63.6.
9 a m: gamayat AV. 6. 52.3. 0.

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
non-modal. modal.
/9 a r dh: gardhayat RV. 8. I3.6. s.
9nat h: qnathayas RV. Io. 95. 5.
9va fic: qvafic&yas RV. Io. I38.2. p.
s&a d: sudayat RV. I. 71. 8. a.
sn i h: snehayat RV. 9. 97. 54. p.
svan: svanayan RV. 10. 3.6.
h r s: harqayan RV. 9. 111. 3.
MIDDLE.
x i : iaiyanta RV. 2. 2. II. 7.

RV.87.3.
I. 77.4. s.
i r: Irayanta RV. 8. 7.3. p.
2 u k : ukqayanta RV. 6. 17.4. o.
c i t: citayanta RV. 2. 34.2. to. 95. RV.
3 4. 51.3. o.
j an: janayata RV. I. 95.4. p. RV. 9. 95. I. o.
janiyanta RV. I. 95. 2. p.; 141. 2.
a. 3. 2.3. p.; 31.2; 49. I.p. 6. 7.
I. p., 2. p. 7. . I.p.; 22.9. a.; 31.
II. 0. 91. 6. p. RV. 5. 49.3. . Io. 66.2. 0.; 87. I3.8.
AYV. 8. 3. 12'. S.
trp: tarp&yanta RV. i. 85. ii. o.
das: dasayanta RV. 5. 45.3. p.
d y ut: dyutayanta RV. 2. 34. 2.
d r u: dravayanta RV. Io. 148. 5. o.
d h a n: dhaniyanta RV. i. I67.2. s.
d h : dharayanta RV. 2. 27.9. 4.
I. I8. p.; 42.2. 5. 15 2; 29. I- p. 7.
66. 2.
nad: nadayanta RV. I. I66. 5.

p at: patayanta RV. i. I69. 7.
pan: panayanta RV. I. 87.3. 7.1. I10.
RV. 3. 6.7. s.
m a h: mahayanta RV. 3. 33.30.
m rj : marjayanta RVY. 5. 3.3. 7. 39.
3- P.; 3.5. 9.68.6. p. RV. I. 61.2. o. 8. 73.8.0. 9.93. I. 0.
ran: raniyanta RV. 3. 57.2. p. 6.
I.4. p. 10. r48.3. RV. I. 14 . 4. 7. 7. S.
9 u b h: 9ubhiyanta RV. 7. 56. i6.
9 n a t h: 9nathayanta (qrath-?) RV.
8.88.6.
9 r a t h: grathayanta RV. 5. 54. io;
85.4.
s v a d: svadayanta RV. 9. 105. . o.
i h r: harayanta RV. 4. 37.2. o.
h r a: harpayanta RV- 4. 37.2. o.
REDUP. AORIST.
b h I: blbhi9athas w. ma RV. 8. 68.8.
II-AORIST.
d h v a n: dhvanaylt w. ma RV. i. I62. I15.
v y a t h: vyathayls w. ma AV. 5. 7. 2.

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
360 J. Avery,
V. DENOMINATIVE.
PRES. SYSTEM: ACTIVE.

non-modal. modal.
4/ a 9 y: a9qyas RV. 6. 33.2.

i r a s y: irasyas w. ma RV. 7. 4o. 6.
i a t: i4anas RV. 4. 6.9. 0. : 22. 10. 0.
i0a#at RV. 4. 17. I4.

uru y: uruy&t RV. 3. 5.8. xo. 80.
3. P.
tur a n y: tur/4yan RV. Io. 6i. I. p.
da many: damanyat RV. 10.99.
6. p.
dagasy: daqasyn RV. 10. 138. I.p.
duvasy: duvasyanRV. 3. 1. 13. p. RV. 3. I.2. 0.
n a m a s y: namasyan RV. I. 72. 5. p.
prua y: pru*1yatRV. I. I. 21.2. p.
pru$ayan RV. I. 80o. :. 4. 43. 5.
m a t h a y: mathayat RV. 9.77.2. p.
muaity: muiays RVY.4.30.4. p. 6.
31-3. p.
muayat RV. i. 6I. 7. p. 7. i8. 19. p.
r i a y: rioanyas w. mA RV. 2. II. I. 7.9.5. 10. 22. 15.
rioa.nyata w. mR RV. 8. I. I ; 20. I.
ruva.y: ruvanyas w. mR RV. 8. 85. 12.
vapu y: vapusyan RV. 3. . 4. p.
s ap ary: saparyan RV. . 70.10o R. O. 7.3. o
s k a b h a y: skabhayat RV. 5. 29.4.
p. 6. 44.24. p.
stabhay: stabhayasRV. 6.17. 7. P.
stabhayat RV. 4. 5-. I; 6. 2.
MIDDLE.
a9 y: agqyata RV. 10. 92. i.

ir aj y: irajyinta RV. 7. 23. 2. p.
i a i: i4ananta RV. 4. 23.9. RV. I. 134.5. 0o.
i a a y: iVai.ayanta RV. 10. 67. 8.
gh ay: :ghayanta RV. 4. I7. 2. p.
t ay: ytayanta RV. 8. 3. 14. S.
krpa .: krpanianta RV. 10. 74.3.
tar u : taruganta RV. I. 132.5.
d h u n a y: dhunayanta RV. 2. 25. 5.
pa n y: panayata RV. 6. 75.6.
p r u A y: prurayinta RV. I. i86.9. s.
b h u r aj: bhurijanta RV. 4. 43. 5.

ru c ay: rucayanta RV. 3. 6. 7.
s u * v a y: suviayanta RV. 7. 36. 6.
AORIST PASSIVE.
RV. 6. 12.4. o.
j air ay: jaraylyi
IT-AORIST.
n a y: unayls w. ma RV. I. 53.3.

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC
I
SUMMARY OF OCCURRENCES.
non-modal. modal.
Rig-Veda. Ath.-Veda. Rig-Veda. Ath.-Veda.

l<e ,ci Totals.
02 +- .a - +' S - . S
? .6-l
a ? .. a;, + - a. 6 a
0CZ l ? l P 0 r *
53 181 6 5 5 71 80 36 6 20
Present System: { act.- 715
75 51 2 2 1 11 54 8 2
4 7 1 2 3
( 29
[i
Perfect System:
2
mid. 3 1
act._3
Aorist System:
act. ----- 81 63 21 8 3 2 II 16 120 89 2 32 )
root-aor. . mid. .. 4 4 1 2 5 3 620
(pass. - - - - 15 21 24 2 8 6 1 ]
I
38 52 8 8 2 47 93 62 10 6 64 ]
a-aor. { act. 7 7 4 1 2
.417
1 ]
11 24 6 3 1 16 22 37 2 16
redup. aor. mid.-- 1
- 140
t
2 1 5 11
s-aor. mid. - 75
4 6 3 5 1 25
is-aor.mid.
act.--- 5 23 1 1 7 61 39 54
is-aor. - -. - 228
mid ........
2 12 9 1 2 1 S
sis-aor., act. 14 14
1 1
s a-acr. ac t. ,. 2 1 1 1
] 16
msa-ao id. 2 2 5
Deriv. Conjugations:
Passive 1 1 - 2
Intensive:
act. 3 6 1
16
pres. mid - -. 1 4 --
Desiderative:
1
pres act.
1 1 _ ....1 11
3 . -.
is-aor., act. ------ 1 1
Causative:
17 68 3 -- -. 8 11 0
pres. {- mid.. 171

22 16 2 . 4 226 14 1 - -
redup. aor., act .... 1 1

i*-aor., act. ---- 1 1 2
Denominative:
8 16 --
pres. act.
pros. mid. 10 2 _-
4
50
root-aor. -... .... . 1

is-aor., act. ---- 1 1
Totals ------- 368 567 92 14 2 202491 316 19 69 341 2507
VOL. XI. 46

139.165.31.13 on Thu, 06 Apr 2023 12:37:10 UTC

The Unaugmented Verb-Forms of The Rig - and Atharva-Vedas

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

The Unaugmented Verb-Forms of The Rig - and Atharva-Vedas

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

The Unaugmented Verb-Forms of the Rig- and Atharva-Vedas

Author(s): John Avery

Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/592196

This content downloaded from

RIG- AND ATHARVA-VEDAS.

Presented to the Society May 7th, 1884.

IT is well known that the most ancient form of Sanskrit

This content downloaded from

mann's Glossary; and have used for the latter Professor

This content downloaded from

rather than from its assumed relation to a general system of

This content downloaded from

eral tense-systems. The whole number of such forms which I

This content downloaded from

renderings of Grassmann and Ludwig; though I have followed

This content downloaded from

This content downloaded from

It only remains to say a few words in explanation of the fol-

LIST OF FORMS AND OCCURRENCES.

V/aj: ajat AV. 3. 8.4. 0.

avatam RV. 7. 83. I. p.

This content downloaded from

4VzIkP0i: k0fyas RVT 3. 8.I.s. 8. 53.4. 0.

99. I.- p. RV. 7. 64. 4. 5.

This content downloaded from

V/ida: dadat RV. 5.6i. io. p. 7.75.7.

n i d (n i n d): nindata w. ma RV. 4. 5.2.

This content downloaded from

j/p y A(pI):pipfiyat RV. i. 77.5-.0. 3. 57.6. s. 8. I. 19. 0.

pIpayan 11iV. x. 15 2. 6. o. 7. 65. 2. S.

p r uth: pr6that RV-.7.3. 2.

b has: bhfisat RV. 6. 3.4. RV. 6. 14. 1. 0.

b hi d: bhinfi (2 S.) RV. I. 54.4. P.;

bhindt (3 s.) RV. I. 52.5~. p.; 62. 3.

bhuj: bhifjat RV. I. 100.1I4.

bha&rat RV. i. 6o.i. p.; 121.13. P.

2.2o.6.P. 4.26.4-6.P. 5.44.13P.p

bharan RV. 10. 13.2. p. AV. i8.

b h ra 9: bhrahq;at AV. 20. 133.6. 0.

madan RV. 6.1i8.14.

m i: minvhn RV. 3. 31. 12. P.

2 m r(m rn) : m~irLat AV. 9. 2. 14. 0.

y am: yamam RV. I10. 49.3. P.

This content downloaded from

t/y a: yatam w. mA AV. 11.2. 1.

yata w. ma AV. 6. 73.3.

rinan RVY. 4. 33.7. p. RV. 5. 53. I6. o. 10. 25. I. o.

ric: rinik (3s.)RV. 2.I5.8. p.; 19.5.

rudh: r6dhat RV. I. 67.10.

This content downloaded from

/ v rj: vrnak (3 s.) RV. 6. i8.8. p. 7.

This content downloaded from

V sta n: stan (3 s.) RV. 10. 92.8.

han (3 s.) RV. 5. 29. 2. p., 4. p. 6.

anj: anjata (3 pl.) RV. 8. 7. 25. p.

This content downloaded from

/c y u: cyavanta RV. 1. 48. 2.

j an: j'ayathas RV. 3. 48.2. p. 8. 78.

janata RV. 10. 123. 7. P.

j.Ayanta RV. I. i 68. 2.

jusfintaRV. I.68.3. P.,9. P.; i67.4.

27. 2.0O.; 40. 2. 0. 5. 41. 2. 0.; 46.

5. 0. ; 102. 5. S. 10. 70. 8. 0.