2021-04-11

제 6 장 수요, 공급과 정부정책

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Look for the answers to these questions:

• What are price ceilings and price floors?
What are some examples of each?
• How do price ceilings and price floors
affect market outcomes?

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제6장 수요, 공급과 정부정책

가격통제
• 가격통제
̶ 정책조언자들이 시장에서 결정되는 재화나 서비스의
가격이 소비자 혹은 생산자에게 공평하지 못하다고
판단할 때 도입

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제6장 수요, 공급과 정부정책

• 가격상한제(price ceiling)
̶ 어떤 재화 판매가격의 법정 최고치
̶ 임대료 통제
• 가격하한제(price floor)
̶ 어떤 재화 판매가격의 법정 최저치
̶ 최저임금법

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Government Policies That Alter the

Private Market Outcome
• Price controls
– Price ceiling: legal maximum on the price
at which a good can be sold
• Rent-control laws
– Price floor: legal minimum on the price at
which a good can be sold
• Minimum wage laws

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as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning 5
management system for classroom use.

Figure 2 The Market for Gasoline with a Price Ceiling

(a) The Price Ceiling on Gasoline Is Not Binding

Price of
Gasoline

Supply, S1
1. Initially,
the price
ceiling
is not
binding . . . Price ceiling

P1

Demand
0 Q1 Quantity of
Gasoline© 2007 Thomson South-Western

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Figure 2 The Market for Gasoline with a Price Ceiling

(b) The Price Ceiling on Gasoline Is Binding

Price of S2
Gasoline 2. . . . but when
supply falls . . .

S1
P2

Price ceiling

P1 3. . . . the price
4. . . . ceiling becomes
resulting binding . . .
in a
shortage. Demand
0 QS QD Q1 Quantity of
Gasoline© 2007 Thomson South-Western

제6장 수요, 공급과 정부정책

그림 6.2: 가격상한제가 있는 휘발유 시장

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제6장 수요, 공급과 정부정책

• 실효성 없는 가격상한제
̶ 가격상한이 시장가격보다 높게 책정
̶ 가격과 거래량에 아무런 효과가 없다.
• 실효성 있는 가격상한제
̶ 가격상한이 시장가격보다 낮게 책정되면 물량부족
(shortage)이 발생한다.
̶ 희소한 재화를 배당하는 할당 방식은 비효율적이거나
불공평하다.

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제6장 수요, 공급과 정부정책

그림 6.1: 가격상한제가 있는 시장

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Figure 1 A Market with a Price Ceiling

(a) A Price Ceiling That Is Not Binding (b) A Price Ceiling That Is Binding
Price of Ice-Cream Price of Ice-Cream
Cones Supply Cones Supply

Price ceiling
$4
Equilibrium
price
3 $3
Equilibrium
price Price ceiling
2
Demand
Demand
Shortage

Equilibrium Quantity Quantity

quantity supplied demanded

0 100 0 75 125
Quantity of Ice-Cream Cones Quantity of Ice-Cream Cones
In panel (a), the government imposes a price ceiling of $4. Because the price ceiling is above the
equilibrium price of $3, the price ceiling has no effect, and the market can reach the equilibrium of
supply and demand. In this equilibrium, quantity supplied and quantity demanded both equal 100
cones.
In panel (b), the government imposes a price ceiling of $2. Because the price ceiling is below the
equilibrium price of $3, the market price equals $2. At this price, 125 cones are demanded and only
75 are supplied, so there is a shortage of 50 cones.
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as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning 11
management system for classroom use.