INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KHARAGPUR, Date: 27 Apfil, 2011 Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100 No. of Students: 39 ‘Spring (End) Semester, 2010-2011 Department: Geology & Geophysics Subject No.: EX 30008/EX40002 3Yr Integrated M. Sc. (Ex Geophysics) / 1* Yr M.Sc. (Geophysics) Subject: _ Geophysical Signal Processing instru Ins: This question paper consists of nine questions in three pages. All questions are compulsory. The credits are shown at the right hand margin. 1. (a) Illustrate the A-to-D and D-to-A signal conversion protocol. “A bandlimited continuous-time signal, with highest frequency (bandwidth) B Hertz, can be uniquely recovered from its samples provided that the sampling rate F, >2B sample per second.” ~ Justify the validity of the statement in the light of Shannon’s Sampling Theorem. 7) (b) Consider the following analog sinusoidal signal: , (0) = 3sin(100z¢) (i) Sketch the signal x,(t) for 0<1<30 ms. (ii) The signal x,(¢)is sampled with a sampling rate F, =300 samples/s. Determine the frequency of the discrete-time signal x(n)=x,(nT), T=1/F,, and show that it is periodic. (iil) Compute the sample values in one period orx(n). Sketch x(n)on the same diagram with x, (t). What is the period of the discrete-time signal in milliseconds? (iv) Can you find a sampling rate F, such that the signal x(n) reaches its peak value of 3? What is the minimum F, suitable for this task? (10) “A seismic trace represents a convolution model which is a pure feedback system. Hence there exits a Stable inverse system’ — justify the validity of this statement with reference to a three-layer earth model such that the delay in each layer is the same. For simplicity assume a unit spike as the source in your illustration and construct the corresponding feed forward sequence. @ 3. a) Using the Toepliz recursion process and Hilbert transform bring out the underlying principle of frequency domain Whitening Deconvolution. How the Signature Deconvolution filter is designed based on Weiner-Hopf Optimum filter equation? How the Predictive/Gapped Deconvolution filter is designed based on the same principle? Also define the prediction error filter. b) Consider the following set of wavelets: Wavelet A: (3, -2, 1) Wavelet B: (1, -2, 3) (i) Plot the percent cumulative energy as a function of time delay. (ii) Set up matrix equation for each wavelet, compute the Spiking Deconvolution operators, and then apply them, (10#5=15) 4. (a) Convolve [2, 5, - 2, 1] with (6, - 1, -1] a Cross-correlate [2, 5, - 2, 1] with [6, - 1, - 1]. For what shift are these functions most nearly alike? fe Convolve [2, 5, - 2, 1] with [-1, -1, 6] and compare with the answer in (b). Explain the difference. aia (d) Autocorrelate (6, - 1, -1] and [3, - 5, -2]. The autocorrelation of a function is not unique to that function, for example, other wavelets that have the same autocorrelations as the preceding are 34 4 Bland l.9 .5 3) Which menher of the eet ic the minimim delav wavalat’?