TENSE RULES

PRESENT SIMPLE: ROUTINE. POSITIVE: SUBJECT+ VERB IN PRESENT + COMPLEMENT

AUXILIAR VERB: DO/ DOES | TO BE SHE RUNS FAST
HE---------------------------- s, es, ies | does I EAT A LOT.
SHE--------------------------- s, es, ies | does
IT------------------------------ s, es, ies | does NEGATIVE: SUBJECT+ DON’T-DO NOT- / DOESN’T-DOES NOT-+
I, YOU, WE, THEY: DO | NO LLEVA IES, ES, VERB IN PRESENT + C
S SHE DOESN’T RUN FAST.
RUN: RUNS I DON’T EAT A LOT.
PLAY: PLAYS
FLY: FLIES QUESTION: DO/DOES+ SUBJECT+(VERB)+ C+?
CRY: CRIES DOES SHE RUN FAST?
EAT: EATS DO I EAT A LOT?
WATCH: WATCHES ________________________________________
DOES, DO: RESPONDER SI O NO,
PREGUNTAS, NEGACIÓN.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS, PROGRESSIVE OR POSITIVE: SUBJECT+ VERB TO BE+ VERB IN ING+ C
ING FORM: HAPPENS AT THE MOMENT. THEY ARE DANCING NICELY.

AUXILIAR VERB: TO BE + ing NEGATIVE: SUBJECT+ VERB TO BE+ NOT+ VERB IN ING+ C
I: AM THEY ARE NOT/AREN’T+ DANCING NICELY.
HE, SHE, IT: IS
WE, YOU, THEY: ARE QUESTION: VERB TO BE+SUBJECT+VERB IN ING+ C+?
ARE THEY DANCING NICELY?
ENDING: ANDO , ENDO AREN’T THEY DANCING NICELY?

TEACH(ENSEÑAR):TEACHING: ENSEÑANDO THEY ARE TAKING CARE OF THEIR PET, AREN’T THEY?
DANCE (BAILAR): DANCING: BAILANDO
THEY AREN’T TAKING CARE OF THEIR PET, ARE THEY?
SWIM(NADAR): SWIMMING: NADANDO
WRITE(ESCRIBIR):WRITTING: ESCRIBIENDO

PAST SIMPLE EX. WITH DID

AUXILIAR VERBS: WAS/WERE/DID POSITIVE: SUBJECT+ VERB IN PAST + C

Regular verb: ed
Irregular verb: changes completely or I ATE A PIZZA.
doesn’t change.
NEGATIVE: SUBJECT+DIDN’T(DID NOT)+VERB IN gerund + C
Dance: danced I DIDN’T (DID NOT) EAT A PIZZA.
Run: ran
Play: played QUESTION: DID(N’T) + SUBJECT+ VERB IN gerund + C+?
Swim: swam DID(N’T) I EAT A PIZZA?

- DID: GENERAL. You ate pizza, didn’t you? No FUE asi?

You didn’t eat pizza, did you? O si?
-WAS/WERE:RELATIVOS DE ESTAR- _____________________________
SER-TENER(edad-nacer -TO BE EX. WITH WAS/WERE
BORN-) POSITIVE: SUBJECT+ WAS/WERE + C
I WAS AT THE PIZZA PLACE
A BABY IS BORN YOU WERE IN THE LIVING ROOM.
A BABY WAS BORN
NEGATIVE: SUBJECT+ WAS/WERE+NOT + C
I WAS BORN I WAS NOT/WASN’T AT THE PIZZA PLACE
YOU WERE BORN YOU WERE NOT/WEREN’T IN THE LIVING ROOM.

WAS: I, HE , SHE , IT QUESTION: WAS/WERE+ SUBJECT+C+?

WERE: YOU, WE, YOU, THEY WAS I AT THE PIZZA PLACE?
WERE YOU IN THE LIVING ROOM?

PAST CONTINUOUS, PAST PROGRESSIVE -QUESTION: WAS/WERE+SUBJECT+VERB IN ING+C+?

AUXILIAR VERB: WAS/WERE WERE YOU PAYING ATTENTION TO THE CLASS?

+ ING FORM
WAS (I,HE, SHE, IT)
WERE (WE, YOU, THEY)
-POSITIVE: SUBJECT+WAS/WERE+VERB IN ING+C.
YOU WERE PAYING ATTENTION TO THE CLASS.
-NEGATIVE: SUBJECT+WAS/WERE+NOT+VERB IN ING+C.
YOU WERE NOT PAYING ATTENTION TO THE CLASS.

YOU WERE PAYING ATTENTION TO THE CLASS,

WEREN’T YOU?
YOU WEREN’T PAYING ATTENTION TO THE CLASS,
WERE YOU?
FUTURE SIMPLE WILL
DON’T ADD ANY S, IES, ES TO THE VERB -POSITIVE: SUBJECT+ WILL+ VERB IN GERUND/ INFINITIVE+ C.
WITH 3RD PERSON. I WILL DRIVE HOME.
YOU WILL TRAVEL TO THE U.S. IN OCTOBER.
AUXILIAR VERBS: WILL/ WILL NOT/WON’T -NEGATIVE: SUBJECT+ WILL NOT/ WON’T+ VERB IN GERUND+
(PLAN FUTURO ESPONTÁNEO) | C.
GOING TO (PLAN FUTURO PROGRAMADO) I WILL NOT(WON’T) DRIVE HOME.
YOU WON’T(WILL NOT) TRAVEL TO THE U.S. IN OCTOBER.
- QUESTION: WILL/WON’T+ SUBJECT+ VERB+ C+?
WILL I DRIVE HOME?
WILL YOU TRAVEL TO THE U.S. IN OCTOBER?

GOING TO
-POSITIVE: SUBJECT+ VERB TO BE+ GOING TO+ VERB IN
GERUND+ C.
I AM GOING TO MY ENGLISH CLASSES.
-NEGATIVE: SUBJECT+ VERB TO BE+ NOT+GOING TO+ VERB IN
GERUND+ C.
 I AM NOT GOING TO MY ENGLISH CLASSES.
- QUESTION: VERB TO BE+ SUBJECT+ GOING TO+ VERB IN
GERUND+ C+?
AM I GOING TO MY ENGLISH CLASSES?
PRESENT PERFECT -POSITIVE: SUBJECT+ HAVE/HAS+ VERB IN PARTICIPLE+
COMPLEMENT.
AUXILIAR VERB: HAVE/ HAS HE HAS DONE HIS HOMEWORK ON TIME.
-NEGATIVE: SUBJECT+ HAVE/HAS+NOT+ VERB IN PARTICIPLE+
MEANING: HABER. COMPLEMENT.
HE HAS NOT(HASN’T)DONE HIS HW ON TIME.
HAVE: I , YOU, WE, THEY
-QUESTION: HAVE/HAS+ SUBJECT + VERB IN PARTICIPLE
HAS: HE, SHE, IT. +COMPLEMENT+?
HAS HE DONE HIS HW ON TIME?

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS, PRESENT POSITIVE: SUBJECT + HAVE /HAS+ BEEN + VERB IN ING+ C.
PERFECT PROGRESSIVE.
EX. MARCO HAS BEEN PLAYING VIDEOGAMES ALL DAY LONG.
Auxiliar verb: been: participle of to be. EX. THEY HAVE BEEN STUDYING ENGLISH FOR MONTHS.
BEEN: SIDO, ESTADO.
HAVE/HAS: HABER NEGATIVE: SUBJECT + HAVEN’T /HASN’T+ BEEN + VERB IN
AUXILIAR VERB: HAVE / HAS ING+ C.
Main characteristic: ING FORM
EX. MARCO HASN’T BEEN PLAYING VIDEOGAMES ALL DAY
USE: WHEN YOU WANT TO REFER THAT LONG.
SOMETHING STARTED IN THE PAST AND IS EX. THEY HAVEN’T BEEN STUDYING ENGLISH FOR MONTHS.
CONTINUING AT THE PRESENT TIME.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS, PRESENT INTERROGATIVE: HAVE/HAS + SUBJECT+ BEEN + VERB IN ING+
PERFECT PROGRESSIVE (PART 2). COMPLEMENT+ ¿

EX. HAS MARCO BEEN PLAYING VIDEOGAMES ALL DAY LONG?

EX. HAVE THEY BEEN STUDYING ENGLISH FOR MONTHS?

PAST PERFECT POSITIVE: SUBJECT + HAD + VERB IN PARTICIPLE + C

AUXILIAR VERB: HAD
MEANING: HE, HA, HAS, HEMOS, HAN.
WE HAD DONE THE DINNER.
NEGATIVE: SUBJECT+ HAD + NOT + (HADN’T)+ VERB IN
PARTICIPLE + C
WE HADN’T DONE THE DINNER

QUESTION: HAD + SUBJECT+ VERB IN PARTICIPLE + C + ?

HAD WE DONE THE DINNER?