2

1"C
ENTURYL
ITERAC
YSKI
LLSANDTEAC
HINGRES
OURC
ES

The2
1cent
uryne
e d
ses
sent
ia
lski
ll
sof
tea
chi
nga
ndlea
rni
ngfo
rfut
ures
u c
ces
s.Howeve
r,t
opre
par
e
st
ude
ntst
osucc
eedina
ndbeyon
dthec
las
sro
oms
,th
eysho
uldbee
qui
ppedwit
hthete
chni
quesa
ndski
l
ls
t
hatf
ost
ercr
eat
ivei
nnov
ati
ons
.
L
EARNINGOBJ
ECTI
VES
1
.i
dent
if
yth
est
rat
egi
esf
orth
ed e
vel
opmen
tofli
te
rac
yski
ll
san
dte
achi
ngr
eso
urc
es
2
.ex
pla
inhowea
chst
rat
egypro
mo t
eth
edeve
lop
me n
tof
li
te
rac
yski
ll
s

 Co
nte
ntofDis
cuss
ion
1
.C o
oper
ati
veLear
ning
2
.C o
ll
abo
rat
ivele
arni
ng
3
.Inqui
rybase
d
4
. Hi
ghe
rorderthi
nki
ngsk
il
ls
5
.C r
eat
iv
eLearni
ng
C
oop
era
ti
veL
ear
ning

C
oop
era
ti
veorcol
l
abor
ati
vel
earn
ingi
sle
arn
ingbysmal
lgr
oup
sof
stu
den
tswh
owo
rkt
oge
the
rina
c
ommonle
arni
ngta
sk.
Iti
sof
tenal
soc
all
edgr
ouple
arn
ing.

I
ti
swheres
tude
ntst
hemsel
vesfa
cil
i
tat
eth
eirle
arni
ng,
oft
enbyst
udent
sint
heyearab
ovegui
di
ng
s
tud
ent
singro
upact
ivi
ti
est
od i
sc
ussmate
rial
swit
hthe
irpee
rsandso
lvepr
obl
ems.Thi
shel
psth
emt
o
t
hi
nkth
roughwhatt
heyhav
ep r
evio
usl
ybeentaug
htan
dencour
agesc
oll
abo
rat
iv
elear
ning
.

4S
pec
if
icGo
also
fSt
ude
ntL
edI
nst
ruc
ti
on
1
.Thest
ud e
ntsareabl
etounders
tan
dwh att
heyarel
ear
ningint
h egre
ate
stde
tai
lpo
ssi
ble
.
2
.Emp o
we rast
ud e
ntwitht
heirl
earni
ng;
andasenseofp
rideandacco
mp l
is
hment.
3
.All
owsteache
rstoseewhatthe
irst
udent
sdoanddon'
tknow,wh a
tthe
yfull
yunder
sta
nd,a
ndwh
eret
he
t
each
erne e
dstofil
li
nthegapsoft
hei
rlear
ning.
4
.Improveastud
e nt
'
soralc
ommu nic
ati
onski
ll
.

Ho
wToC
rea
teaS
tud
ent
Lea
dCl
ass
roo
m

1.
Askingq
uali
tyque
sti
onsan
dteac
hin
gyours
tudent
stodot
hat
.Thi
sis"
maki
ngt
heque
sti
ondot
hewor
k."
UseBl
oomfi
sQu e
sti
onst
rat
egi
est
otea
chst
udent
sthel
ang
u a
geandpr
oce
sso
fqua
li
tyq
uest
ion
ing
.Th
at
shoul
dbeth
efoundat
io
nforte
ach
erques
ti
oni
ng,a
swella
sthei
rown.

2
.St
ude
nt-
l
eddi
sc
ussi
ons
.Tea
chermo
del
sef
fe
cti
ved
isc
uss
ionl
ead
erp
rac
ti
cesa
ndp
oin
tst
hemo
ut.
The
n
h
andst
hat
rol
eove
rtost
ude
nts
.

3.
Stu
dente
val
uat
io
nsofe
achot
her
.St
ude
ntseva
lua
tea
ndgivef
eed
bac
k.Th
ete
ach
eri
snol
ong
ert
heo
nly
g
rade
r.
..
St
uden
tsb
ecomer
espo
nsi
bl
efora
ne v
alu
ati
onpi
ece
.

4
.St
ude
ntf
eed
bac
ktoe
acho
the
r.S
tud
ent
stog
ivef
eed
bac
ktoo
the
rst
ude
ntsd
uri
ngd
isc
uss
ion
,su
cha
s
v
oca
bul
ary
,ad
din
gde
tai
l
s,a
nda
ski
ngp
rob
ingq
ues
ti
ons
.

5
.So
cra
ti
cse
min
ars
.Th
isp
rac
ti
cet
ran
sfe
rso
wne
rsh
ipt
ost
ude
nts
.

6
.St
ruc
tur
es.
Astude
nt-
le
dcl
ass
roo
mh asma
nys
tru
ctu
res
,ro
uti
nes
,an
dproce
dure
sth
atarehi
dde
n,b
ut
e
sse
nti
ala
ndthe
yareth
efou
ndat
io
n.F
orexa
mpl
e,s
tud
ent
smustha
verub
ric
sandmodel
stog
iveq
ual
it
y
f
eed
bac
ktoea
choth
er.

7
.Tea
cherla
n g
uage.
"Li
st
ent
oyourcol
l
eague
s.""
Wehono
rallv
oic
esi
nher
e.
""Ta
lktoea
chothe
r,no
tme.
"
"
Therear
e24teac
hersi
nthi
sroo
m."La
nguageli
ket
hi
sconv
ert
sst
ude
ntsf
rompas
si
v eunb
eli
eve
rsto
a
cti
veownersoft
hei
rownlea
ders
hipqua
li
ti
es.

Be
nef
it
sof
coo
per
ati
vel
ear
ning

1
.Ra
isea
chi
eve
men
tof
stu
den
ts.

2.
Buil
dposi
ti
ver
ela
ti
ons
hip
samo
ngs
tud
ent
s-i
mpo
rta
ntf
orc
rea
ti
ngal
ear
nin
gco
mmu
nit
yth
atv
alu
es
di
ver
sit
y.

3
.Pr
ovi
dee
xpe
rie
nce
sth
atd
eve
lopb
othg
oodl
ear
nin
gsk
il
lsa
nds
oci
als
kil
l
s.

Ad
dit
io
nal
Bene
fi
tso
fCo
ope
rat
iv
eLe
arni
ng

He
rea
res
omea
ddi
ti
ona
lbe
nef
it
sof
coo
per
ati
vel
ear
nin
g.
o Whenstudent
sareworkingtowardac ommo ngoal,acad
emicworkb e
comesanact
ivi
tyval
uedby
pee
rs.
o St
udent
saremo t
iva
tedtohelponean ot
herle
arn.
o St
udent
sareabl
etotransl
atethete
acher'
slanguageinto"s
tude
ntlangua
ge"f
oroneanoth
er.
o St
udent
swh oexpl
aintoonea not
herstr
engthentheirownlear
ning.
o Whenstudent
sneedtoorganiz
etheirthoug
htsinor dert
oexpla
inthemtote
amma t
es,t
heymu s
t
eng
ageint
h i
nkin
gth a
tbuil
d sonotheride
as(cog
nitiveel
abora
ti
on )
wh i
chgre
atl
yenhance
sthei
r
ownunderst
andi
ng.
o Tea
mma te
scanprovidein
d i
v i
dualat
tent
ionandass i
stanc
etooneanot
her.
o Reg
ularandcons
truct
ivecoll
abora
tivest
udyg ro
up scanassi
styouwit
hma st
eryofmate
ria
l,e
xam
pre
parat
io
n ,
andbett
erperformanceontest
s

C
oll
abo
rat
iv
eAc
ti
vi
ti
es

C
oll
abo
rat
ivel
ear
ning-
thep
rac
ti
ceof
brea
kin
gst
uden
tsi
ntos
ma l
lgr
oupst
oanswerque
sti
ons
,wor
kon
p
roj
ect
sandle
arnfr
omoneano
the
r-hasb
eco
meoneoft
hest
ron
gestc
orep
hil
osop
h i
eso
perat
in
gin
c
las
sro
omstoda
y.

C
oll
abo
rat
iv
eac
ti
vi
ti
esa
rea
nya
cti
vi
ti
eswh
erel
ear
ner
sar
ewo
rki
ngc
o-o
per
ati
vel
yinp
air
sorg
roup
s.
Forex
ample
:
•Pai
rorgr
oupd
isc
ussi
ons
•Compl
et
in
gsha
redta
sksi
nap
airo
rgr
oup
•Ac
ti
vit
ie
sorg
ameswit
hacompe
ti
ti
veel
ement
•I
nfo
rmati
one
xch
angeac
ti
vi
ti
es,
inc
lud
ingb
arri
erg
ame
san
dji
gsa
wac
ti
vi
ti
es

1
0St
rat
egi
est
oBui
ldo
nSt
ude
ntC
oll
abo
rat
io
nint
heC
las
sro
om
1
.De
li
ber
ate
lys
ele
ctwh
ichs
tud
ent
swi
l
lwo
rkt
oge
the
r
Le
fttot
hei
rowndev
ice
s,s
tudent
swil
lso
rtt
hemsel
vesi
ntogro
upsof
fri
endswhosha
recommonb
ond
s.
Howeve
r,whe
natea
chercre
ate
stheg
roupi
ngs,
heorsheca
nma t
chst
ude
ntsbyst
reng
thsan
dwea
kne
sse
s,
de
lib
era
tel
ymixi
ngabi
li
ty
,div
ersi
tya
ndsoci
alc
apab
ili
ty
.
2
.Si
zet
heg
rou
psf
orma
ximu
mef
fe
cti
ven
ess
I
fagro
u pi
sto
osmall
,i
dea
sanddi
sc
uss
ionmayno
tbedi
ver
seoren
erge
ti
cen
oug
h;i
ft
ool
arg
e,s
ome
s
tud
entswon'
tge
tin
vol
ved.
Opt
imumgro
u ps
iz
ete
ndst
obefo
urtof
ive
.
3
.Te
achy
ours
tud
ent
sho
wtol
i
ste
ntoo
nea
not
her
Amongy
o un
glea
rners
,act
iv
eli
ste
nin
gisn'
tana
tur
als
kil
l
.Taki
ngti
metodi
sc
ussandpra
cti
cel
i
ste
nin
g
sk
il
lswi
thyours
tude
nts-t
each
ingt
hemtomakeeyec
ont
act
,av
oidi
nte
rru
pti
onan
dr e
peati
mport
ant
poi
nt
s-hasbo
thsho
rtandl
ongter
mb en
efi
ts
.
4
.Se
tth
eru
leso
fla
ngu
agea
ndc
oll
abo
rat
io
n
Ther
ewilla
lwaysb
eoneort
wostude
ntsine
achgroupwhowil
lbemorel
ike
lyt
ota
ket
helea
d-o
rta
ke
ove
r.Taket
heti
metote
achst
ude
ntsho
wt ocl
ari
fyis
sues
,howt
op a
rap
h r
ase
,ho
wtodi
sag
ree
co
nstru
cti
vel
yandhowtobu
il
donwh a
t o
the
rshavecon
tri
but
ed.
5
.Ma
keg
oal
san
dex
pec
tat
io
nsc
lea
r
Sp
eci
fi
cgoal
san
dexpe
cta
ti
onsar
eimport
ant
.I
fst
ude
ntsareno
tcl
earo
nth
ego
alst
heya
ree
xpe
cte
dto
meet
,gr
oupworkh
ast
hepote
nti
alt
otr
ail
offi
nt
osoc
ial
iz
ati
onora
path
y.
6
.As
si
gnr
ole
stot
heme
mbe
rso
fea
chg
rou
p
Wit
hrol
esdeli
neat
ed,
st
udent
sa reabl
etobe
tt
erunders
tan
dwh a
tise
xpe
cte
doft
hem.Withrol
esli
ke
l
ead
er(d
ire
ctsth
egroup'
sact
ionsfort
heday)
,re
corde
r(t
akesno
tesa
nddoe
sal
lwri
ti
ng),
encoura
ger
(
ena
ble
sdis
cussi
onandgiv
esp o
siti
vefe
edbac
k)andche
cker(
che
ckst
heworka
ndhandsiti
n)
,it
scle
arh
ow
e
achst
udent
n ee
dstof
ulf
il
lhisorherresp
onsi
bi
li
tie
s.
7
.Us
ere
al-
wor
ldp
rob
lems
,no
tima
gin
aryo
nes
Wit
hp r
act
ic
al,
real
-worl
dassig
nme n
ts,
stud
entsf
indinf
ormati
onth
rou
ghresea
rchandfo
rmingrea
l
o
pini
ons.
Ify
oufindasce
n a
riotha
tthe
yfeeli
nvol
vedin-anenvi
ronme
ntal
iss
ue,ar
ecentS
upremeCourt
c
ase
,acompl
ica
tedsoc
ial
issue-t
heywill
takemoreownersh
ipoft
hepro
jec
t.
Evenbet
ter
,se
lec
taprobl
em
f
romthest
uden
ts'owncommu ni
tyandchal
l
e n
get
h e
mt osol
veit
.
8
.Co
nsi
derg
ivi
nge
achg
rou
pad
if
fe
ren
tta
sk
Del
egat
ingta
sksgiv
esea
chgroupasens
eofimpor
tan
ceandempha
siz
esth
efact
tha
tla
rgeprob
lemsare
so
lvedbypeopl
eworki
ngtog
ether
.Bysol
vin
gdif
fer
entp
iece
sofa
nissue
,yours
tud
entgro
upswill
havea
moreperso
nali
zedl
ear
ningex
perie
nceandwil
lbe
tt
erre
frai
nfr
omill
-spi
nte
dcompet
it
io
no r"
borro
wing"
ea
cho t
her'
swork.
9
.Pl
ayag
amet
oge
tst
ude
ntswa
rme
dup
Th
isi
spa
rti
cul
arl
yhe
lpf
ulf
ory
oun
gers
tud
ent
s,
whoma
yno
tbes
ureo
fth
eirr
ole
sint
heg
rou
port
he
c
las
sroo
m.Coo
perat
iv
egame srequi
rechi
l
dr e
ntousethesa
meski
ll
sth
atth
eydoi
ncol
lab
orat
iv
e
s
chool
work
,andt
heycanseer e
sul
tsqui
ckl
y .
Fore
xa mple
,Tea
chHubof
fe
rsco
ope
rat
iv
eclas
sro
omg
ame
s
t
hata
reapp
ropri
at
eforgr
ade s1
-3,
grad
es4-6andg
rades7-
8.
1
0.Ev
alu
atee
achg
rou
poni
tso
wnme
rit
I
fyoujudg
egroupsinre
lat
io
nt oea
chothe
r,s
tude
ntswill
feell
i
k et
hei
rsucc
essorf
ai
lur
eisno
tenti
rel
yin
t
hei
rownh a
nds.Tryasys
temwh ereyouc
angiv
egradesperhowwelle
achgrou
pme t
it
sgoa
ls,
and/
or
h
owe a
chstud
entperf
ormedthedut
iesoft
hei
rass
igne
dr ol
e.Youca
nals
orewardbyca
teg
ory
,asinbes
t
d
isc
ussi
ons,
best
r e
sear
chormo st
origi
nal
sol
uti
on.
Be
nef
it
sof
Col
la
bor
ati
vel
ear
ning
1
.L ea
dershi
pa n
dS e
lf-
Manage
me n
tSki
lls
2
. WiderRangeofKnowle
dgeandSki
llAcq
uis
it
ion
3
.I mprov
edStudentRel
at
ion
ship
s
4
. Bet
te
rC on
ceptRet
e n
ti
on
5
. Pro
mo t
esActi
veList
eni
ngandCrit
ic
alThi
nkin
g
Th
edi
ff
ere
nceb
etwe
enC
oop
era
ti
vel
ear
ninga
ndC
oll
abo
rat
iv
ele
arni
ng
C
oop
era
ti
vel
ear
nin
g c
oll
abo
rat
iv
ele
arn
ing
Ac
ti
vi
ti
esa
rest
ru c
tur
edwithe
achst
udent
ass
ign
ed S
tud
ent
sor
gan
iset
hei
ref
for
tsbe
twe
ent
hems
elv
es
aspe
cif
icrol
e(t
eac
her
-st
ruc
tur
ed) (gr
oup
-st
ruc
tur
ed)

Tea
che
rssup
plyi
nfo
rmat
ionfo
rst
ude
ntst
or e
ad St
ude
ntss
our
cema
ter
ial
tohel
pth
emc
omp
let
eth
e
a
ndana
lys
e(o
rlet
pupi
lsk
nowwh e
ret
hisi
nfocan ac
ti
vit
y
b
efound
)

Te
ach
erso
bse
rve
,li
st
enandi
nt
erv
enewh
ere Thea
cti
vi
tyi
snotmon
it
ore
db yt
het
eac
her
neces
sar
y (
al
th
o u
ghthe
ycanhel
pwhenas
si
stan
cei
sreq
ues
ted
b
ytheg
roup)

S
tud
ent
ssu
bmitworkatt
heendo
fle
sso
nfo
r S
tud
ent
sas
ses
sth
eirowni
ndi
vid
ual
andg
rou
p
eva
luat
io
n /
ass
ess
ment per
forma
nce
Th
esu
cce
sso
fth
egrou
pd e
pen
dsupont
hee
ff
ort
sof S
ucc
essd
epe
ndso
nin
div
idu
als
tre
ngt
hs
eve
ryonei
nvol
ved

B.
Inq
uir
y-b
ase
dcl
ass
roo
menv
iro
nme
nt
 I
nqu
iry-
bas
edl
ear
ningisana
pproac
htole
arni
ngt
hatemph
asiz
est
hes
tud
ent'
srol
eint
hel
ear
ning
p
roc
ess.
Rat
hert
hanthete
ach
ertel
l
ingst
uden
tswhat
theyne
edtok
now,s
tud
entsa
reenc
our
aged
t
oexpl
oret
hemat
eri
al,
askques
ti
ons,
andsha
reid
eas
.
 I
nqu
iry
-ba
sedl
ear
nin
gus
esd
if
fe
ren
tap
pro
ach
est
ole
arn
ing
,in
clu
din
gsma
ll
-gr
oupd
isc
uss
ion
 a
ndg
uid
edl
ear
nin
g.I
nst
eado
fme
mor
izi
ngf
act
san
dma
ter
ial
,s
tud
ent
sle
arnb
ydo
ing
.
 Thi
sal
lo
wsthe
mtobu
il
dkno
wled
geth
roug
hexpl
ora
ti
on,e
xpe
rie
nce
,an
dd i
sc
uss
ion
.Wer
eta
in
75
%ofwhat
wedoc
ompar
edt
o5%ofwha
twehe
arand10
%ofwhat
weread
.
I
nqu
iry
-ba
sedl
ear
ninga
ll
owsst
ude
ntst
obe
tt
eru
nde
rst
anda
ndr
eca
llma
ter
ial
bya
cti
vel
yen
gag
ingwi
thi
t
a
ndmakin
gthe
irownconn
ect
io
ns.

I
nqu
iryBas
edL
earni
ng:What
ItLoo
ksLi
kei
naCla
ssr
oomS
e t
ti
ngAsatea
che
r,y
ouaremos
tli
kel
y
f
ami
li
arwit
haKWLc ha
rtt
hatde
pic
tswh
ats
tud
ent
sKNOW(K)
,whatt
heyWANTtok
no w(
W),
andthe
n
e
vent
ual
ly
,wha
tth
eyLEARN(L)
.
 I
nqui
ry-
base
dlear
nin
gfocu
sesont
he"want
toknow"por
ti
onofaKWLchar
t.Ho
weve
r,t
rue
i
nqu
iryinv
olve
sastud
entse
eki
ngt
heanswerst
hemsel
ves
,asopp
ose
dtoat
each
ers
impl
y
p
rovi
din
gtheinf
ormat
iont
hrou
ghle
ctur
eanddi
rectt
eac
hing.
F
lowo
fKno
wle
dge

I
nat
ruei
nqu
iryl
ess
on,
the
rei
sab
acka
ndf
ort
hfl
owo
fkn
owl
edg
ebe
twe
ent
het
eac
hera
nds
tud
ent
s.

 I
tbe
gin
swh e
nthete
ach
erpos
esa
nide
aorco
ncep
tandt
henask
sta
rge
tedq
ues
ti
ons
.Th
isl
ead
sto
s
tud
entss
hari
ngth
eiri
dea
sanda
ski
ngad
dit
io
nalq
uest
io
ns.

 Nex
t,t
hete
ach
erres
pon
dswi
tha
ddit
io
nalt
hou
ght
-pr
ovo
kin
gqu
est
io
nst
hat
enc
our
ages
tud
ent
sto
i
nve
sti
gat
eonth
eiro
wnanda
nal
yzet
hei
rfi
ndi
ngs
.

 Andfi
nal
l
y,st
uden
tsbui
l
donthe
irkno
wledg
eanddef
endne
wex
pla
nat
io
nsa
ndu
nde
rst
and
ing
s
ba
sedonevi
den
cethe
ycol
le
ctt
hrou
ghthe
iri
nve
sti
gat
io
ns.

Ontheotherhand,
ifi
nqui
ryisnot
thefoc
uso fal
esso
n ,t
heflowofknowle
dgete
ndstobeone
-di
rect
io
nal,
asthet
eacherpos
esanid
eaorconcep
tandasksspeci
fi
cq ues
tio
ns.Thet
eache
rthenprov
ide
sd i
rec
t
reso
u r
cesorlea
rni
ngact
ivi
ti
esfr
omwh ichtheanswerstotheque
sti
onscanbef
oun d
.St
ude
ntscomple
te
t
h eact
iv
ityorres
earc
hwithspe
cif
icgui
dancefro
mt heteach
er,an
dthenprese
nttheans
wertothe
quest
ion.
Th i
sgi
vesth
emlitt
l
eornoo p
portu
n i
tyforhi
g h
e rl
evelt
hin
k i
ng.

Be
nef
it
sof
Inq
uir
y

 On
ebenef
it
soft
ruei
nquir
yisage
nuinef
eel
i
ngofst
uden
towners
hipa
sst
ude
ntsa
regiv
en
mea
nin
gfult
ask
stha
tareeng
agi
ngandch
all
eng
ing
.Addi
ti
onal
l
y,st
ude
nta
cco
unta
bil
i
tyinc
rea
ses
whe
nstud
entsa
repar
tofacoo
per
ati
vegr
oupandhav
eothe
rsdepe
ndi
ngont
hem.

 S
tud
ents
'nat
ura
lcur
ios
it
yispea
kedi
ntr
uei
nqui
ryast
heye
xpl
oreac
onc
ept
anda
skt
hei
rown
q
uest
io
nstof
urt
herunde
rst
andwhat
the
yar
ele
arni
ng.

 Al
so,
st
ude
ntsa
ree
nco
ura
gedt
oth
inko
uts
idet
heb
oxa
ndc
rea
ti
vel
yte
stt
hei
rth
eor
ies
.

Hi
ghe
r-o
rde
rth
inki
ngs
kil
ls(
HOTS
)Ac
ti
vi
ti
es

Hi
ghe
r-o
rde
rth
ink
ings
kil
l
s(HOTS
)isac
onc
ept
pop
ula
rinAme
ric
ane
duc
ati
on.
Itd
ist
in
gui
she
scr
it
ic
al
t
hi
nkings
kil
l
sfromlow-
ord
erlea
rni
ngout
come
s,s
ucha
stho
seat
ta
ine
dbyro
tememori
zat
io
n.HOTS
i
ncl
udesy
nthe
siz
ing
,ana
lyz
ing
,rea
son
ing
,comp
rehe
ndi
ng,
appl
i
cat
io
n,an
deval
uat
io
n.

HOTSisbas
edonvar
iou
staxo
nomiesofl
earn
ing,p
art
ic
ular
lyt
heonec
rea
tedbyBen
jaminBlo
ominhi
s
1
956book.
"Taxo
nomyofEdu
cati
ona
l Ob
jec
ti
ves:
TheCl
assi
fi
cat
io
nofEd
ucat
ion
alGoa
ls.
"High
er-
ord
er
t
hinki
ngskil
lsa
rere
fl
ect
edbythet
opthre
eleve
lsi
nBloom'
sTaxon
omy:a
naly
sis
,sy
nthesi
s,
and
eva
lua
tio
n.

Te
ach
ingS
tra
teg
iest
hat
Enh
anc
eHi
ghe
r-Or
derTh
inki
ng

1
.He
lpDe
ter
min
eWh
atHi
ghe
r-Or
derTh
ink
ingi
s

Hel
pst
ude
ntsund
erst
andwhat
hig
her-
orde
rthi
nki
ngis
.Expl
ai
ntot
hemwhat
iti
sandwhyt
heyn
eedi
t.
Hel
pth
emun d
ers
tan
dthei
rownst
rengt
hsandc
hal
le
nges.
Youca
ndothi
sbys
howin
gthe
mhowtheyc
an
as
kthe
msel
vesgo
odquest
io
ns.
Thatl
ead
sustot
henext
str
ate
gy.

2
.Co
nne
ctC
onc
ept
s

L
eadst
u d
ent
sthrou
ght h
eprocesso
fhowtoco
nnec
toneco
n c
eptt
oano t
her
.Bydoi
ngthi
syouar
etea
chi
ng
t
hemtoconne
ctwhatthe
yalrea
dyk no
wwithwhat
the
yareleaming
.Thisl
eve
loft
hin
kingwil
lhe
lp
s
tud
entsl
eamtoma keconne
cti
onswhene
veri
tisp
oss
ibl
e,whi
chwillhel
pthe
mg a
inevenmore
u
nders
tandi
ng.F
orex a
mp l
e,l
et
'ssa
ythat
thec
once
ptt
heyarelea
rningi
s"Chi
nes
eNewYe a
r.
"Aneven
b
road
erconce
ptwouldbe"Hol
idays
."

3
.Te
achs
tud
ent
stoI
nfe
r

Teac
hstud
entst
oma kei
nfe
rence
sbygi
vingthe
m" re
al-
world
"e x
amp l
es.
Youcansta
rtbygi
vings
tude
ntsa
pi
ctur
eofapeopl
est
andi
nginli
neataso
upk i
tc
hen.Askth
emt oloo
ka tt
hepi
ctur
eandfoc
usonthedet
ail
s.
Then,
askthe
mt omakei
nfere
ncesb
ase
do nwhatt
heyseeinthepic
ture
.Anot
herwaytote
achyoung
st
udent
sabouth
o wt
oinf
erist
oteac
haneasyconc
eptl
ikeweat
h er
.Askstud
entst
oputonthe
irra
inc
oat
andboo
ts,
the
na skt
hemtoinf
erwhatt
heythi
nktheweat
herlooksli
keout
side
.

4
.En
cou
rag
eQu
est
io
nin
g

Acl
ass
roo
mwh e
rest
udent
sfe
elfr
eetoaskques
ti
onswit
hou
tanyneg
ati
vere
act
io
nsfro
mt h
eirpee
rsor
t
hei
rte
ache
rsisacl
ass
roomwherestud
entsf
eelf
reet
obecr
eat
ive
.Enc
ourag
est
udent
stoas
kq u
est
ion
s,
an
diff
orsomereas
onyoucan
'tge
ttot
heirques
ti
onduri
ngcl
asst
ime
.sho
wthemh o
wtheycanans
werit
t
hemse
lve
sorh a
vethe
ms a
vetheques
ti
onu n
ti
lthef
ol
lowi
ngday.

5
.Us
eGr
aph
icOr
gan
ize
rs

Gr
aphi
corg
ani
zer
sp r
ovi
des
tuden
tswit
hanicewaytofr
amethei
rth
ought
sinano
rga
nize
dma n
ner
.By
dr
awin
gdia
gra
mso rmin
dma p
s,st
ude
ntsar
ea b
letobe
tt
ercon
nectc
onc
ept
sa n
dse
ethe
irrel
at
io
nsh
ips
.
Thi
swil
lhe
lps
tude
n t
sde
vel
opahabi
tofc
onnect
ingco
ncept
s.

6
.Te
achPr
obl
em-
Sol
vi
ngS
tra
teg
ies

Te
achs
tud
ent
stou
seas
tep
-by
-st
epme
tho
dfo
rso
lvi
ngp
rob
lems
.Th
iswa
yof
hig
her
-or
dert
hi
nki
ngwi
l
l
h
elpt
hemso
lveprob
lemsfa
ste
randmoree
asi
ly
.Enc
oura
ges
tude
ntst
ous
eal
t
ern
ati
veme
tho
dst
oso
lve
p
robl
emsa
swe l
lasof
fert
hemdif
fe
ren
tpro
ble
m-so
lvi
ngmet
hod
s.

7
.En
cou
rag
eCr
eat
iv
eTh
ink
ing

C
rea
tiv
ethi
nkingi
swh e
nstude
ntsi
nve
nt,
imagi
ne,
anddes
ignwhatt
heyaret
hin
king.
Usingc
rea
ti
ve
s
ens
eshel
psstu
d e
ntspr
oces
sandunde
rst
andin
for
mati
onbet
te
r.Res
earc
hs h
owsth
a t
wh e
nstud
ents
u
ti
li
zecre
ati
vehig
her-
orde
rthi
nkin
gski
ll
s,i
ti
ndee
dinc
reas
esthe
irunde
rsta
ndi
ng.Enco
urag
estud
entst
o
t
hi
nk"out
sid
eofthebo
x."

8
.Us
eMi
ndMo
vie
s

Whenc
once
ptst
hata
rebei
ngle
arne
daredi
ff
ic
ult,
enc
oura
ges
tude
ntst
ocre
ateamovieint
hei
rmind.
Te
acht
hemtocl
oset
hei
reyesa
ndpic
tur
eitl
ik
eamo vi
epl
ayi
ng.
Thiswayo
fh i
ghe
r-o
r d
ert
hinki
ngwil
l
t
rul
yhel
pthe
mu nde
rst
andinapo
werfu
l,u
niqueway
.

9
.Te
achS
tud
ent
stoEl
abo
rat
eTh
eirAns
wer
s.

Higher
-or
derthi
nki
n gr
equi
ress
tude
ntstor
eal
l
yunder
sta
ndaconc
ept
.not
repea
tit
ormemori
zeit
.
Encou
ragest
udent
stoel
abo
rat
ethei
ranswer
sbyas
kin
gtheri
ght
quest
io
nstha
tmakest
ude
ntse
x p
lai
n
th
eirt
hought
sinmoredet
ai
l.

1
0.Te
achQARS

Ques
ti
on-Answer-
Rel
at
ions
hip
s,orQARS,t
eac
hs t
udent
stola
belt
hetypeofq
uest
iontha
tisbe
ingas
kedand
t
henusethati
nfor
mati
ontohel
pthemformul
ateananswer.
Stud
entsmustde
cip
h e
rift
h ea
nswercanb
e
fo
undinatextoronl
i
neorift
heymu st
rel
yonth e
irownprio
rkn o
wledg
etoanswerit
.Thi
sst
rat
egyhas
bee
nfoundtobeef
fec
ti
veforhi
gher-
ord
erthi
nkingbeca
usest
udent
sbeco
memo reawareoft
he
rel
at
io
n s
h i
pbet
weenthei
nfor
ma t
io
ninatexta
n dthe
irpri
orknowled
ge,
wh i
chhelp
sthemdeci
pherwhi
ch
st
rat
egytousewhenthe
yneedtose
ekananswer.

C
rea
ti
vel
ear
ning

Cr
eat
iv
it
yinthecl
ass
roomisnot
whatt
heper
ceive
dviewof
crea
ti
vi
tyis
;ra
thert
hemeth
odoft
eac
hing
whi
chhasth
estu
dentt
hinkout
ofth
ebox.
Thiscre
ati
vet
hi
nkin
gisametho
dof t
urn
ingt
hes
tude
ntin
toa
pr
obl
ems o
lve
randgiv
ingth
atst
ude
nta"
tool
b o
x"wit
hwhic
htoappr
oachpr
oble
ms.

Be
rna
det
teDuf
fy(
200
6)d
efi
nesc
rea
ti
vi
tya
s
-
abi
li
tyt
ose
eth
ing
sinf
res
hwa
ys;
-l
ear
nin
gfr
omp
ast
exp
eri
enc
esa
ndr
ela
ti
ngt
hi
sle
arn
ingt
one
w
s
it
uat
ion
s,
-
t
hin
kin
gal
ongu
nor
tho
doxl
i
nesa
ndb
rea
kin
gba
rri
ers
,
-
usi
ngn
on-
t
rad
it
io
nal
app
roa
che
stos
olv
ingp
rob
lems
,
-
goi
ngf
urt
hert
hani
nfo
rma
ti
ong
ive
n;a
nd
-
cre
ati
ngs
ome
thi
ngu
niq
ue.
Ho
wisc
rea
ti
vet
eac
hinga
ndc
rea
ti
vel
ear
ningr
ela
ted
?
Tea
chi
ngcrea
ti
vel
yisdef
ine
dastea
che
rimagi
nat
ivea
ppr
oac
hest
omakel
ear
nin
gmo rei
nt
eres
ti
ngand
ef
fe
cti
vewhil
ete
achi
ngfo
rcreat
iv
it
yare"
for
msoftea
chi
ngt
hata
rei
nt
end
edtodev
elo
pyoungpeo
ple
's
owncre
ati
vet
hinki
ngorbeha
vio
r.(
NACCC
E,19
99)

Th
roug
hcr
eat
iv
eandi
mag
ina
ti
one
nde
avo
rs,
thel
ear
ner
sca
n:
 c
ommu nic
atet
hei
rfeel
in
gsinnon-
ver
balan
dp r
e-v
erba
lwa
ys
 e
xpresst
hei
rthought
s
 c
omp r
ehend,r
espon
dandrepre
sent
thei
rperc
ept
ionsa
ndun
der
sta
ndi
ngo
fth
ewo
rld
 e
xperi
enceandla
sti
ngval
ue
 S
olvepro
ble
msa ndgi
vemaste
ry
 g
ainsel
f-
est
eem

Wh
atd
ocr
eat
iv
e-f
ost
eri
ngt
eac
her
sdo
?
 En
cour
a g
estude
ntstol
earni
ndepen
dentl
y
 Ha
veacooper
ati
vesoci
all
yin
tegr
ati
vest
yleo
fteac
hin
g
 Do
esnotnegl
ect
themaste
ryoffa
ctua
lknowl
edge
 Pr
omotesel
f-
eva
luat
ion
 Ta
kesques
ti
onsseri
ousl
y
 Of
fe
ropport
unit
iest
owo r
kwithvari
edmate
ria
lsunde
rdi
ff
ere
ntc
ond
it
io
ns
 He
lpst
udent
stocopewit
hfrus
trat
i
onsandfa
il
ures
 Re
wardcourag
easmu chasbe
ingri
ght.
'
Cre
ati
vi
tyisap
erson
'sab
il
it
ytocr
eat
eso
met
hi
ngt
hat
isr
ega
rde
dbya
ppr
opr
iat
el
yqu
ali
fi
edp
eop
lea
s
o
rig
inala
ndofval
ue'
.(
Wyse,
201
4,p
6)

S
umma
ry

Sc
hool
sn e
edtoada
ptandd
evelo
pn e
wwa ysoft
eachi
ngandlea
rni
ngth
atref
le
ctsachang
ingworl
d.The
pur
poseofsc
hools
houl
dbetoprep
arest
udent
sforsuc
cessaf
te
rgra
duat
ionandther
efo
rescho
olsnee
dto
pr
ior
it
izet
hek n
owled
geandski
ll
sthat
wil
l b
einthegre
ates
tdema
nd,su
chasthosesk
il
lsdee
medtobe
mosti
mp o
rta
ntbycol
le
geprof
ess
orsandemplo
yers