GUÍA DE LABORATORIO

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DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS BÁSICAS

AREA AND
AREA OF CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY / INORGÁNIC CHEMISTRY GUIDE N°
SUBJECT

TITLE OF LABORATORY PRACTICE

HEAVY METALS - PEARSON

OBJETIVES / HYPÓTHESIS

1. Virtual reinforcement of procedures and data collection made in chemistry laboratories.

2. Apply different techniques of qualitative chemical analysis in a virtual way that allow us to identify the cations of heavy metals.
3. Promote the use of the English Language with the use of Pearson’s Software.

APPLICATIONS

Course Theme: Element Properties.

At the end of the practice, the student will be able to promote the use of ICT through the use of virtual laboratories. Through this
virtual laboratory it is facilitated the knowledge of tests and handling of samples that bring the student to
the results, without placing it in risk of chemical pollutant.

To solve qualitative and quantitative problems according to previously developed models, because it allows an approach to real
samples that can have heavy metals contaminating the water, the soil and the air and that allow to identify the human activity of
origin.
To Interpret data from observations and measurements in the laboratory in terms of their significance and the theories that support it:
in the identification of heavy metals by qualitative chemical analysis can be differentiated each of these metals according to the
reagents with which it occurs a chemical change and determine what characteristics present their products.

GUIDING QUESTIONS

1. ¿What is a heavy metal?

2. ¿What are the main heavy metals?
3. ¿What are the harmful effects to humans, living beings and the environment in general of the heavy metals worked in this practice?

Previous knowledge:

Metals are natural components of the earth's crust. They play an important role in organisms by being a fundamental part of their
biochemical and physiological functions. Some are essential trace elements for the maintenance of biochemical systems of living
things, such as copper, manganese or zinc, which are essential in the metabolism of mammals. Some can also act as potent toxicants
for both humans and ecosystems, depending on the routes of exposure, the absorbed dose, the chemical nature of the metal, and
what organs or systems can affect (systematic). All of them, always depending on the levels at which they are detected, can become
toxic, some even carcinogenic and teratogenic. Heavy metals can be found in water (dissolved as cations or precipitates in river bed
sludge, lakes, lagoons), bio accumulated in food of both plant and animal origin, in the air and in the soil. The main human activities
that release these heavy metals are mining (especially the one that releases their wastes to the water like for example the auriferous),
the tannery industry and the elimination of batteries, batteries and electronic devices.
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MATERIALS AND SOFTWARE

Material / Equipment Capacity Quantity

PC Mathematics Room 18
Calculator 1 (for laboratory group)
Personal and protective elements: (by the student)
* Laboratory Guide* Notebook

SETUP AND EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

PROCESS

1. Enter the virtual laboratory VPS and note that there are two doors, locate the mouse cursor on the right door "physical science
laboratory".

Image 1. Taken from Virtual Physical Science (2007)

Press the mouse observing a change of image where the control panel appears by moving the mouse cursor to the button "Guest" and
enter the lab.
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Image 2. Taken from Virtual Physical Science (2007)

Now go to the inorganic chemistry (inorganic) located on the left towards the bottom, and move the mouse cursor and press.

2. Go inside the inorganic chemistry lab with the mouse pointer to the reagent room (stockroom). Take a test tube (point the mouse
cursor to the test tubes) and take the tube to the tube holder, touch the Pb +2 solution and return to the laboratory (green arrow with
the words "return to lab"). The test tube with Pb +2 solution appears on the rack, move it with the mouse cursor to the tube holder and
click on the Division box (fifth frame from left to right) 8 times to get 8 new samples that appear on the rack. Identify the color of the
tube solution in the tube holder and record at the top of the table where the cation appears, which in this case for Pb+2, the color of
the sample is colorless.

3. And then do the following tests with each of the reagents on the right. (HNO3, H2O2, NH3, Na2S, NaCl, Na2SO4, Na2CO3, NaOH, pH 4,
pH 7, and pH 10). It is important that every time you add a reagent to the tube with the sample that is in the tube, and you get a
positive or negative result, write down the results obtained and follow the recommendations listed below:

• Remove the tube in the red drum under the table on the right side, and place a new sample of the tubes in the rack for another test
with another reagent, otherwise, the results obtained are incorrect (due to the reaction between the reagents)

• Return the tube to the rack, in order that you do not forget that it has already been used, and remove another tube with sample
without having done its qualitative analysis.

4. For positive tests only (showing a change in color), in the corresponding box you should note the color, if there is precipitate (place
the mouse cursor in the spin box and press), the smell (Place the mouse cursor in the "graphical nose" box and press), the pH of the
vapors (place in the mouse cursor in the box "pH vapor" and press), and the pH of the solution cursor in the "pH solution" box and
press). The guide to know which smell or pH we are getting is found in two posters that are between the exit door and the window of
the reagent room.

In negative tests, only place the minus symbol in the corresponding box (such as the example shown in Table N°1 in the Pb+2 tests with
HNO3 and H2O2), and record all the data when the test gives a result positive (as it appears in Table N°1 in the test of Pb+2 with NH3).

At the end of the tests of each metal, point the mouse cursor to the red drum and press to remove all the tubes (clear all), continue with
barium Ba+2 and so on repeat the procedure described above with the other 5 metal cations indicated in the table.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY, WEBOGRAPHY, OTHER SOURCES

Woodfield B.F. (2007), Virtual physical science, Brigham Young University, Pearson, Inorganic, Version 3.

Alvarado Arellano, M. y Sá nchez Aguilar, J. (2017). Química experimental. México, D.F, México: Grupo Editorial Patria.
Recuperado de https://elibro.net/es/lc/usta/titulos/40509.

Askeland, D. R., & Phulé, P. P. (2004). Ciencia e ingeniería de los materiales (4a ed. ed.) Retrieved from http://crai-
ustadigital.usantotomas.edu.co/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cat06937a&AN=to
m.000027439&lang=es&site=eds-live

Brown, T. L., Lemay, H. E., Murphy, C. J., Bursten, B. E., Woodward, P. M., García Herná ndez, A. E., . . . Rojas Herná ndez, A.
(2014). Química : La ciencia central Pearson Educació n. Retrieved from http://crai-
ustadigital.usantotomas.edu.co/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cat06937a&AN=to
m.000149936&lang=es&site=eds-live

Cá ceres Rojas, D. (2006). La química al alcance de todos. Editorial Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Recuperado de
https://elibro.net/es/lc/usta/titulos/127762.

Chang, R., Goldsby, K. A., Nagore Cá zares, G., Herná ndez Herná ndez, P. M., Bravo Herná ndez, Violeta Luz María, Gracia Mora, J., . .
. Yunes, J. A. (2017). Química (Décima segunda edició n ed.) Retrieved from http://crai-
ustadigital.usantotomas.edu.co/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cat06937a&AN=to
m.000154447&lang=es&site=eds-live

Climent Olmedo, M. J. (2013). Química para ingeniería. Valencia, Spain: Editorial de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia.
Recuperado de https://elibro.net/es/lc/usta/titulos/57367.

Delgado Ortiz, S. E., Solis Trinta, L. N., & Muñ oz Sola, Y. (2012). Laboratorio de química general Retrieved from http://crai-
ustadigital.usantotomas.edu.co/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cat06937a&AN=to
m.000146743&lang=es&site=eds-live

García B. J., Escobar C.C., (2010). Química General. Manual de prá cticas de laboratorio. Bogotá .

García Pérez, J. A. (2000). Química. teoría y problemas Retrieved from http://crai-

ustadigital.usantotomas.edu.co/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cat06937a&AN=to
m.000022668&lang=es&site=eds-live

Llorens Juan A. (1996). Conocer los materiales. Madrid.

Marín García, M. L. (2004). Bases químicas del medio ambiente: manual de laboratorio. Valencia, Spain: Editorial de la
Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. Recuperado de https://elibro.net/es/lc/usta/titulos/60593.

Ramírez Médeles, M.,del Carmen, Zugazagoitia Herranz, R., Phillips, J. S., Strozak, V. S., Wistrom, C., & Zike, D. (2012). Química :
Conceptos y aplicaciones (3 ed. ed.) Retrieved from http://crai-
ustadigital.usantotomas.edu.co/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cat06937a&AN=to
m.000109835&lang=es&site=eds-live

Reaxys is a trademark of Elsevier Life Sciences IP Limited, used under license. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Life Sciences IP Limited.
Tomado de https://www-reaxys-com.crai-ustadigital.usantotomas.edu.co/#/search/quick

Rodríguez Alonso, J. J. (2014). Química y aná lisis químico. Barcelona, Spain: Cano Pina. Recuperado de
https://elibro.net/es/lc/usta/titulos/43093.

Torres Cartas, S. (2016). Química: prá cticas de laboratorio. Valencia, Spain: Editorial de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia.
Recuperado de https://elibro.net/es/ereader/usta/57408?page=92.
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Silberberg, M. S. (2006). Chemistry : The molecular nature of matter ang change (Cuarta edició n ed.) McGrawHill. Retrieved from u
Woodfield, B. F., Asplund, M. C., Haderlie, S., & Jaworski, A. (2014). Virtual chemlab : General chemistry laboratories v. 2.5 (Cuarta edici
Reaxys is a trademark of Elsevier Life Sciences IP Limited, used under license. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Life Sciences IP Limited.
Tomado de
Rodríguez Alonso,J.J.(2014). Química y aná lisis químico. Barcelona, Spain: CanoPina.Recuperado de

Torres Cartas, S. (2016). Química: prá cticas de laboratorio. Valencia, Spain: Editorial de la Universidad Valencia. Recuperado
Politécnica de
de

Author /Authors Update date

Teachers Area of Chemistry and Biology July 30, 2022
Revised Dania Acosta

ANEXOS

RESULTS TABLE

metal Pb+2 Hg+2 Cd+2 Cr+3 Cu+2

Test Color s/n: Color s/n: Color s/n: Color s/n: Color s/n:
Negative
Color: Color: Color: Color: Color:
HNO3 Precipitate: Precipitate: Precipitate: Precipitate: Precipitate:
Smell: Smell: Smell: Smell: Smell:
pHv: pHv: pHv: pHv: pHv:
pHs: pHs: pHs: pHs: pHs:

Negative
Color: Color: Color: Color: Color:
H2O2 Precipitate: Precipitate: Precipitate: Precipitate: Precipitate:
Smell: Smell: Smell: Smell: Smell:
pHv: pHv: pHv: pHv: pHv:
pHs: pHs: pHs: pHs: pHs:

Positive
Color: white Color: Color: Color: Color:
NH3 Precipitate: yes Precipitate: Precipitate: Precipitate: Precipitate:
Smell: NH3 Smell: Smell: Smell: Smell:
pHv: 10 green pHv: pHv: pHv: pHv:
pHs: 14 blue pHs: pHs: pHs: pHs:
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Na2S Color: Color: Color: Color: Color:

Precipitate: Precipitate: Precipitate: Precipitate: Precipitate:
Smell: Smell: Smell: Smell: Smell:
pHv: pHv: pHv: pHv: pHv:
pHs: pHs: pHs: pHs: pHs:

NaCl Color: Color: Color: Color: Color:

Precipitate: Precipitate: Precipitate: Precipitate: Precipitate:
Smell: Smell: Smell: Smell: Smell:
pHv: pHv: pHv: pHv: pHv:
pHs: pHs: pHs: pHs: pHs:

Na2SO4 Color: Color: Color: Color: Color:

Precipitate: Precipitate: Precipitate: Precipitate: Precipitate:
Smell: Smell: Smell: Smell: Smell:
pHv: pHv: pHv: pHv: pHv:
pHs: pHs: pHs: pHs: pHs:

Na2CO3 Color: Color: Color: Color: Color:

Precipitate: Precipitate: Precipitate: Precipitate: Precipitate:
Smell: Smell: Smell: Smell: Smell:
pHv: pHv: pHv: pHv: pHv:
pHs: pHs: pHs: pHs: pHs:

Color: Color: Color: Color: Color:

Precipitate: Precipitate: Precipitate: Precipitate: Precipitate:
NaOH Smell: Smell: Smell: Smell: Smell:
pHv: pHv: pHv: pHv: pHv:
pHs: pHs: pHs: pHs: pHs:

Color: Color: Color: Color: Color:

Precipitate: Precipitate: Precipitate: Precipitate: Precipitate:
Solution pH 4 Smell: Smell: Smell: Smell: Smell:
pHv: pHv: pHv: pHv: pHv:
pHs: pHs: pHs: pHs: pHs:

Color: Color: Color: Color: Color:

Precipitate: Precipitate: Precipitate: Precipitate: Precipitate:
Solution pH 7 Smell: Smell: Smell: Smell: Smell:
pHv: pHv: pHv: pHv: pHv:
pHs: pHs: pHs: pHs: pHs: