The study is valid since the study fulfills all the criteria required for validity of such

kind of study.

Results:

The study shows that after resection, squamous cell carcinoma has a significantly
higher 5 year survival (32± 4%) than adenocarcinoma (19± 2%) at any given TNM
stage, although the difference is more dramatic in the absence of positive lymph
node status. Perioperative mortality though is significantly higher in those with
squamous cell carcinoma (8.1%) than those with adenocarcinoma (3.5%), with
pneumonia as the leading cause of mortality in both groups. Other noted causes
of death includes anastomotic leak, stroke, myocardial infarction, pulmonary
embolism, aortic rupture, adult respiratory distress syndrome and central venous
line induced septicemia. Cardiorespiratory complication rate were similar for both
groups but anastomosic leaks occurred more frequently in those with squamous
cell carcinoma. The type of operative procedure did not appear to influence long
term survival. Significant predictors of survival include squamous cell subtype
(p=0.032), pTNM stage (p=0.005), LN status (0.008) and completeness of
resection (p=0.028).